By contrast, the cursive developed out of the Nabataean alphabet in the same period soon became the standard for writing Arabic, evolving into the Arabic alphabet as it stood by the time of the early spread of Islam.

In Western philosophy, the spread of Christianity through the Roman Empire marked the ending of Hellenistic philosophy and ushered in the beginnings of Medieval philosophy, whereas in Eastern philosophy, the spread of Islam through the Arab Empire marked the end of Old Iranian philosophy and ushered in the beginnings of early Islamic philosophy.

The power of the Buddhist Maharajas was further undermined by the spread of Islam.

The caliph sent a sizable force with Gennadius to spread Islam and expand the Arab empire in Africa in 665.

Uqba ibn Nafi and Abu Muhajir al Dinar did much to spread Islam and Arab rule.

Newer present-day world religions established themselves throughout Eurasia during the Middle Ages by: Christianization of the Western world ; Buddhist missions to East Asia ; the decline of Buddhism in the Indian subcontinent ; and the spread of Islam throughout the Middle East, Central Asia, North Africa and parts of Europe and India.

During the Middle Ages, Islam spread through the regions.

Out of this mix developed the Berber people, whose language and culture, although pushed from coastal areas by conquering and colonizing Carthaginians, Romans, and Byzantines, dominated most of the land until the spread of Islam and the coming of the Arabs.

The most significant forces in the country's history have been the spread of Islam, Arabization, Ottoman and French colonization, and the struggle for independence.

However, similar explanations can be claimed for the spread of Islam and Buddhism — yet none of them are historical explanations.

Jews have interacted with Muslims since the 7th century, when Islam originated and spread in the Arabian peninsula, and many aspects of Islam's core values, structure, jurisprudence and practice are congruent with Judaism.

By serving as a buffer state between Christians and Muslims, the Khazars helped to block the western spread of Islam in Europe.

Upon the spread of Islam, libraries in newly Islamic lands knew a brief period of expansion in the Middle East, North Africa, Sicily and Spain.

Islam first spread to the region during the 13th century through Arab traders from present-day Malaysia and Indonesia.

Although these western empires had little political influence on the Nigerian savanna before 1500hu they had a strong cultural and economic impact that became more pronounced in the 16th century, especially because these states became associated with the spread of Islam and trade.

Muslim rule spread through conquest and this indirectly coerced many to convert to Islam.

Sierra Leone's dense tropical rainforest partly isolated it from other precolonial African cultures and from the spread of Islam.

Through commerce, Islam spread amongst the Somali population in the coastal cities of Somalia.

In the seventh century AD, the Soghdian Iranians, who profited most visibly from this trade, saw their province of Mawarannahr overwhelmed by Arabs, who spread Islam throughout the region.

Islam had been introduced into the western Sudan by Arab traders from North Africa and spread rapidly after the conversion of many important rulers.

From the eleventh century, by which time the rulers of the Sudanic empires had embraced Islam, it spread south into the northern areas of contemporary Côte d ' Ivoire.

Antonio Santosuosso and other historians detail how the new governor of Al-Andalus, ' Uqba b. Al-Hajjaj, again moved into France to avenge the defeat at Poitiers and to spread Islam.

" Historian Robert Payne on page 142 in " The History of Islam " said " The more powerful Muslims and the spread of Islam were knocking on Europe's door.

Here, Gardner made friends with an American man known as Cornwall, who had converted to Islam and married a local Malay woman.

Although Muslims had passed through Malaysia as early as the 10th century, it was not until the 14th and 15th centuries that Islam first established itself on the Malay Peninsula.

Islam came to the Malay Archipelago via Arab and Indian traders in the 13th century, ending the age of Hinduism and Buddhism.

The three most competitive opposition parties are the People's Justice Party ( Parti Keadilan Rakyat in Malay, shortened to PKR ), the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party ( Parti Islam se-Malaysia, or PAS ), and the Democratic Action Party ( DAP ).

* Islam reaches Terengganu, on the Malay Peninsula.

Even though the Bruneian royal family stressed more the theories of Malay Islam Berajaملاي إسلام براج, but they didn't disagree with it ; obviously they gave him positive criticism, and recorded Ong Sum Ping under the genealogy of the Sultans of Brunei.

Article 160 defines a Malay as being one who " professes the religion of Islam, habitually speaks the Malay language, conforms to Malay customs and is the child of at least one parent who was born within the Federation of Malaysia before independence of Malaya on 31 August 1957, or the issue ( off-spring ) of such a person.

The use of Malay as a lingua franca throughout the Malay Archipelago is linked to the rise of Muslim kingdoms and the spread of Islam, itself a consequence of growing regional trade.

PAS also took action to vanish any sculpture that looked like human or animal, modified versions without the traditional references to Hindu dewa – dewi and traditional Malay hantu ( spirits or ghosts ) and otherwise in keeping with orthodox Islam are, however, tolerated in certain cases.

While PAS has maintained that these steps were essential to promote Islam and put an end to immoral behaviour among the Muslim population, many consider them an act of defiance against Barisan Nasional's laws — which are more tolerant or laxer, depending on one's viewpoint — and also a major loss to Malay traditional arts.

95 % of Kelantan's population are ethnic Malay, and under the Malaysian Constitution, all Malays are Muslims ; therefore, Islam is the most influential religion in the state.

However, these figures may be misleading as professing the religion of Islam is a requirement for being a Malay in the sense of the Malaysian Constitution.

The rationale for this is that Islam is considered intrinsic to Malay ethnic identity which culturally and historically under Sultan rule who is a Muslim.

Since Article 160 defines a Malay as " professing the religion of Islam ", those eligible to benefit from laws assisting bumiputra are, in theory, subject to religious law enforced by the parallel Syariah Court system.

The party also aspires to protect the Malay culture as the national culture and to uphold, defend and expand Islam.

In 1973, Islam was made the official Sabah state religion ( the official religion of Sabah was originally Christianity, as permitted by the agreement signed before the merger ), and usage of indigenous languages such as those of the Kadazan people was discontinued in favour of the Malay language.

" Hishammuddin also defended the delegates ' actions, saying that events earlier in the year related to the status of Islam in Malaysia and the NEP had " played on the Malay psyche.

But of late, many Malay politicians have strongly tried to revive the spirit of Malay nationalism and patriotism but with more emphasize on Malay unity and go back to Islam doctrine as to counter PAS claimed that the party is the one and only Islamic party in the country.