Post-structuralists countered that, when closely examined, all formalized claims describing phenomena, reality, or truth, rely on some form or circular reasoning and self-referential logic that is often paradoxical in nature.

Criticisms such as this have generally been countered by Conservatives making similar claims about members of the Labour Party's group in the European Parliament.

" He concluded that Party's claims lacked " both internal and external substantiating evidence ", and that despite the arrests and scrutiny, the authorities never " credibly countered Falun Gong rebuttals ".

He also edited and presented The Real Da Vinci Code, a documentary for Channel 4's Weird World series which countered the claims made by Dan Brown in his novel The Da Vinci Code.

Discussion of possible compensation is ongoing, however, this has been countered by possible claims for war compensation from Germany's Eastern neighbours, pertaining to both Germany's unconditional surrender and the series of population transfers formed under the instruments of Potsdam.

Some skeptics countered Gold's claims by suggesting that the oil found was actually contamination from the drilling.

Pepperberg countered critics ' claims that Alex had been taught a script by explaining that the controls and tests she used made it impossible for him simply to recite words when she asked questions.

Carlsberg immediately countered that it believed S & N's claims were " spurious and without merit ".

These claims were countered in pamphlets by Jens Jacob Asmussen Worsaae, an archaeologist who had excavated parts of Danevirke, who argued that there was no way of knowing the language of the earliest inhabitants of Danish territory, that Germans had more solid historical claims to large parts of France and England, and that Slavs by the same reasoning could annex parts of Eastern Germany.

Some of Pauw's statements on the supposedly poor aspects of the mineral wealth of the Americas were countered by Molina as well as Pauw's claims on the shorter lives of people that inhabited the Americas.

With respect to the appellees ' claims that their loss of business infringed on Fourteenth Amendment rights, the appellants ' lawyers countered that since appellees were corporations, not individuals, the Fourteenth Amendment did not directly apply to them.

Iranian officials countered these claims by stating that there are no safety issues and that the International Civil Aviation Organization had inspected and approved the airport.

More than a century after his death, Maybrick was named as a suspect in the notorious Jack the Ripper murders, but critics countered that such claims were hoaxed.

Henry III of England swiftly countered Alfonso's claims with both diplomatic and military moves.

McQuaig countered these claims by arguing that two thirds of Canada's debt had actually been created by these same high interest rates ; the high rate of interest on Canada's initial loan, and that social spending had little, if anything, to do with increasing the debt burden.

But their claims were quickly countered by Corley himself, who admitted to going down for the third time as a strategy to avoid further punishment from Cotto and maybe buy himself more fight time.

The AWB countered these claims, although Travers described the book as " dynamite.

Nolte claims the Nazi mass murder was modeled on and instigated by the excesses of the Russian Revolution, the Stalinist regime and the Gulag ; that it countered this " Asiatic " danger by imitating and surpassing it.

" By showing that the " wonderful contrivances " of the orchid have discoverable evolutionary histories, he countered claims by natural theologians that the organisms were examples of the perfect work of the Creator.

Other apologists have countered with claims that the dating was indeed altered for one or another reason and should be understood as fable, not history.

In commentary, Noodle claims that Murdoc initially protested at her doing the entire video by herself, but she countered that she wrote the song and she had seen him show off too much in the " Feel Good Inc ." music video-and adds that he was asleep in his Winnebago for the whole of the shoot up until the final scene.

A quarter of an hour of pandemonium ensued: outraged cries, booing, and whistling by the offended parties, countered by cheers and applause by the more forward-thinking contingent.

A Boston Globe report, however, countered that by stating there were nearly 700 leaks in a single section of tunnel beneath South Station.

: The claim that EPR effects violate the principle that information cannot travel faster than the speed of light have been countered by noting that they cannot be used for signaling because neither observer can control, or predetermine, what he observes, and therefore cannot manipulate what the other observer measures.

Consequently, the 16th and 17th centuries were to witness a succession of armed Druze rebellions against the Ottomans, countered by repeated Ottoman punitive expeditions against the Chouf, in which the Druze population of the area was severely depleted and many villages destroyed.

Allen and his cohorts countered by issuing offers of their own.

* If a leap occurs, it must be small and immediately countered by stepwise motion in the opposite direction.

An open row of three ( one that is not blocked by an opponent's stone at either end ) has to be blocked immediately, or countered with a threat elsewhere on the board.

There he countered various unauthorized publications of his music by obtaining his own publishing privilege.

These were countered by another small band of Huns hired by Honorius ' minister Olympius.

These ideas can be countered by the fact that during the winter, the time of year in which UV light is most scarce at northern latitudes, the ground is often covered with white snow.

Its taxation laws have been widely criticised by various people and groups, however the former Chief Minister of Jersey, Terry Le Sueur, has countered these criticisms, saying that " Jersey among cooperative finance centres ".

Babbitt's depiction of Rousseau was countered in a celebrated and much reprinted essay by A. O. Lovejoy in 1923.

The PLO's " vicious terrorist attacks in Israel " dating from this period were countered by Israeli bombing raids in southern Lebanon, where " 150 or more towns and villages ... have been repeatedly savaged by the Israeli armed forces since 1968 ," of which the village of Khiyam is probably the best-known example.

Some have countered this finding by saying that the angle of the film from the horizontal along with sun's angle on that day made shadows underwater unlikely.

In the Test matches, Bradman countered bodyline by moving toward the leg side, away from the line of the ball, and cutting it into the vacant off side field.

The Trotskyist demands countered Stalin ’ s political dominance of the Russian Communist Party, which was officially characterised by the ‘ cult of Lenin ’, the rejection of permanent revolution, and the doctrine of Socialism in One Country.

Ethnicity, being largely developed by a divergence in geography, language, culture, genes and similarly, point of view, has the potential to be countered by a common source of information.

Side effects, such as perspiration and diarrhea, can be countered by adding atropine.

Opponents of this view observe that the religion of the Torah seems different to Atenism in everything except the central feature of devotion to a single god, although this has been countered by a variety of arguments, e. g. pointing out the similarities between the Hymn to Aten and Psalm 104.

The effects of morphine can be countered with opioid antagonists such as naloxone and naltrexone ; the development of tolerance to morphine may be inhibited by NMDA antagonists such as ketamine or dextromethorphan.