Organizations and researchers against EPR claim that the mandate would slow technical innovation and impede technological process.

: Copenhagenists claim that interpretations of quantum mechanics where the wave function is regarded as real have problems with EPR-type effects, since they imply that the laws of physics allow for influences to propagate at speeds greater than the speed of light.

Supporters of the minimum wage claim it has these effects:

Opponents of the minimum wage claim it has these effects:

Stanley conducted a similar meta-analysis of 64 U. S. studies on dis-employment effects and concluded that Card and Krueger's initial claim of publication bias is still correct.

Later they retracted their claim and associated the activity to background effects.

The claim of such a lineage and of possession of the Ark has been an important source of legitimacy and prestige for the Ethiopian monarchy throughout the many centuries of its existence, and had important and lasting effects on Ethiopian culture as a whole.

Industry officials claim that this process emulates the natural effects of a forest fire, which they claim clearcutting suppresses, protecting infrastructure, communities and roads.

On the other hand, Peter Corning argues " Must the synergies be perceived / observed in order to qualify as emergent effects, as some theorists claim?

Some sportsmen and professional dancers claim to prefer Bikram yoga, because proponents argue it has injury-healing, emotion-strengthening, toxin-flushing, weight-managing, and career-extending effects though no concrete peer reviewed evidence has arisen to back up a single one of these claims.

Some astronomers explain this by presence of small temperature fluctuations within planetary nebulae ; others claim that the discrepancies are too large to be explained by temperature effects, and hypothesize the existence of cold knots containing very little hydrogen to explain the observations.

ECT doctors claim it may " jumpstart the brain ", helping boost neurotransmission, while others like Peter Breggin, claim it causes the " euphoric " effects similar to the effects found in " closed head injury " or people with fresh traumatic brain injury.

However, some critics argue that the felt vibrations are disconnected from the auditory experience, and they claim that that music is less satisfying with the " butt shaker " than sound effects.

Yossarian comes to realize that Catch-22 does not actually exist, but because the powers that be claim it does, and the world believes it does, it nevertheless has potent effects.

Environmental medicine specialists claim MCS causes negative health effects in multiple organ systems, and respiratory distress, seizures, cognitive dysfunction, heart arrhythmia, nausea, headache, and fatigue can result from exposure to levels of common chemicals that are normally deemed as safe.

The collaboration was not a happy one and Dawley would cut the 45-minute film down to 11-minutes and claim credit for O ' Brien's pioneering effects work, which combined realistic stop-motion animated prehistoric models with live action.

Practitioners claim that subjecting certain parts of the body to magnetostatic fields produced by permanent magnets has beneficial health effects.

However, she later filed a claim for money from the city of Lynn for her injury on the grounds that she was " still suffering from the effects of that fall " ( though she afterwards withdrew the lawsuit ).

Another survey conducted in 2006 by researchers from Australia's Monash University sought to determine what types of phenomena that people claim to have experienced and the effects these experiences have had on their lives.

Much of the celebrated film noir tradition relies on techniques Toland perfected in the early thirties that are related to chiaroscuro ( though high-key lighting, stage lighting, frontal lighting, and other effects are interspersed in ways that diminish the chiaroscuro claim ).

When Kember heard Pierce's demos, he again renewed his claim that he was copying his sounds and effects, and accused Pierce's " Billy Whizz " of being a composition he had written several years prior.

A number of authors have published papers disputing Nimtz's claim that Einstein causality is violated by his experiments, and there are many other papers in the literature discussing why quantum tunneling is not thought to violate causality.

" Those documents were not allowed as evidence in trial, because the presiding judge agreed with the U. S. government's claim that their public mention would violate the Classified Information Procedures Act.

" The doctrine can be used, for example, so a right is upheld even when a government threatens to violate it with new technology, as long as the essential right remains the same ; but the authors claim that the courts have used the doctrine to " create new rights.

The three lawsuits include Range Resources, a natural gas company which is asking the courts to invalidate the township's policy that all businesses must disclose their activities ; Penn Ridge Coal LL and Allegheny Pittsburgh Coal Co. claim that Blaine's laws violate their corporate rights to mine coal in the township.

They claim that Bus TV violate riders ' rights to freedom of choice.

" Although U. S. courts have ruled that failure to treat properly diagnosed paruresis might violate prisoner's constitutional rights, the courts have also " routinely rejected suspicious or unsubstantiated attempts to invoke it in defense of failure to complete drug testing ," particularly when there were no medical record or physician testimony to back up the claim of paruresis.

:" Communist regimes claim jurisdiction over the whole life of the society and make demands for change that so violate internalized values and habits that inhabitants flee by the tens of thousands.

Some justices have argued, however, that a substantive process claim may not be necessary in cases of this type, as it is also possible that those laws might be deemed to violate " First Amendment principles.

When a registrant chooses a domain name, the registrant must " represent and warrant ", among other things, that registering the name " will not infringe upon or otherwise violate the rights of any third party ", and agree to participate in an arbitration-like proceeding should any third party assert such a claim.

The court determined the claim of " privilege " was thus overstated because reporters and their sources do not have a license to violate criminal laws.

The inventors claim that it works by extracting energy from the vacuum, and therefore does not violate the First Law of Thermodynamics.

Supermax and Security Housing Unit ( SHU ) prisons are controversial ; some claim that the living conditions in such facilities violate the United States Constitution, specifically, the Eighth Amendment's proscription against " cruel and unusual " punishments.

" The Court then found that the California law did not violate equal protection, and it remanded the case to the trial court for more fact-finding on the third claim, whether the California law impermissibly burdened interstate commerce.

This principle governs the recovery of all compensatory damages, whether the underlying claim is based on contract, tort, or both.

In principle, claim market socialists, socialist managers of state enterprises could use a price system, as an accounting system, in order to minimize costs and convey information to other managers.

The Council sought to: ( a ) bring an end to the practice of the conferring of ecclesiastical benefices by people who were laymen ; ( b ) free the election of bishops and abbots from secular influence ; ( c ) clarify the separation of spiritual and temporal affairs ; ( d ) re-establish the principle that spiritual authority resides solely in the Church ; ( e ) abolish the claim of the emperors to influence papal elections.

There are speculative theories that claim inertia is produced by the combined mass of the universe ( e. g., Mach's principle ), which implies that the rest frame of the universe might be preferred by conventional measurements of natural law.

* 1955-At the United Nations, Spain, which had just been admitted to membership, initiated a claim to the territory, arguing that the principle of territorial integrity, not self-determination, applied in the case of the decolonization of Gibraltar, and that the United Kingdom should cede sovereignty of the Rock to Spain.

This response to the paradox is, in effect, the rejection of the claim that every statement has to be either true or false, also known as the principle of bivalence, a concept related to the law of the excluded middle.

In 1907 Canada invoked a " sector principle " to claim sovereignty over a sector stretching from its coasts to the North Pole.

People supporting the non-aggression principle claim that the moral prohibition of the use of violence follows from argumentation ethics, which applies only when people are using argumentation to solve disputes.

Popper argued that the central property of science is falsifiability ( i. e. all scientific claims can be proven false, at least in principle, and if no such proof can be found despite sufficient effort then the claim is likely true ).

Universal jurisdiction or universality principle is a principle in public international law ( as opposed to private international law ) whereby states claim criminal jurisdiction over persons whose alleged crimes were committed outside the boundaries of the prosecuting state, regardless of nationality, country of residence, or any other relation with the prosecuting country.

Der Marineoffizier ended with the claim that combating " Jewish materialism " were one of the good officer's principle duties, and this was best done by making "... Germans energetic and thankful followers of the Führer ", and help them "... understand that the Führer also had to use a heavy hand ... in order to accomplish his fantastic aim ".

Critics claim that the legal principle of laches, not asserting your rights in a timely manner, invalidates Forgents claims on the patent.

The United States does not accept the sector principle and does not make a sector claim based on its Alaskan Arctic coast.

Supporters of this principle claim that this allows more universality and creates an incentive to find elegant, deceptively simple-looking problems which nevertheless require a certain level of ingenuity.

They claim that, at the basis of our social problems is the principle of government.

Under the Scots law principle of bona vacantia, the Crown has claim over any object of any material value where the original owner cannot be traced.

Many examples from politics and theology, e. g. the claim that the Roman Emperor was in fact a " god ", demonstrate that this principle was known by effective propagandists from early times, and continues to be applied to this day, e. g. the propaganda model of Noam Chomsky and Edward S. Herman, which supports the ' big lie ' thesis with more specifics.

Popperians would wish to choose well-corroborated theories, in their sense of corroboration, but face a dilemma: either they are making the essentially inductive claim that a theory's having survived criticism in the past means it will be a reliable predictor in the future ; or Popperian corroboration is no indicator of predictive power at all, so there is no rational motivation for their preferred selection principle.

In ordinary language, the principle of maximum entropy can be said to express a claim of epistemic modesty, or of maximum ignorance.

The principle of analysis has been variously criticized, especially by composers, such as Edgard Varèse's claim that, “ to explain by means of is to decompose, to mutilate the spirit of a work ” ( quoted in Bernard 1981, 1 ).

Other libertarians claim libertarian principles such as the non-aggression principle apply to human beings from conception, and that the right to life thus applies to fetuses.

Universal jurisdiction is a controversial principle in international law whereby states claim criminal jurisdiction over persons whose alleged crimes were committed outside the boundaries of the prosecuting state, regardless of nationality, country of residence, or any other relation with the prosecuting country.

Talks were hampered, however, by Louis XIV's reluctance to cede his earlier gains ( at least those made in the Reunions ) and, in his deference to the principle of the divine right of kings, his unwillingness to recognise William III's claim to the English throne.