A group of camps was established, and prisoners were forced to work in the coal mines.

Scholars of ballads are often divided into two camps, the ‘ communalists ’ who, following the line established by the German scholar Johann Gottfried Herder ( 1744 – 1803 ) and the Brothers Grimm, argue that ballads arose by a combined communal effort and did not have a single author, and ‘ individualists ’, following the thinking of English collector Cecil Sharp, who assert that there was a single original author.

Extermination camps are distinguished from the Arbeitslager ( forced labor camps ) established in German-occupied countries to use the prisoners, including prisoners of war, as slave labor.

Besides those six camps, there existed the little-known Maly Trostenets extermination camp, at Minsk, Belarus, in the anti-Communist Lokot Republic ( July 1942 – August 1943 ) established in the Nazi-occupied USSR ; similar camps existed at Warsaw and Janowska.

The initial extermination method of shooting people in burial pits proved logistically and psychologically inefficient, so in late 1941, the Nazis established camps specifically for mass extermination via gas chambers.

Most of the camps established to accommodate the masses of incoming prisoners were assigned distinct economic tasks.

Eleven thousand Communists and Socialists were arrested and brought into hastily prepared concentration camps such as Kemna concentration camp, where they were at the mercy of the Gestapo, the newly established secret police force ( 9, 000 were found guilty and most executed ).

With the exploration of the West, mining camps were established and " expressed a distinctive spirit, an enduring legacy to the new nation ;" Gold Rushers would experience the same problems as the Land Rushers of the transient West that preceded them.

Most refugees live in seven camps established by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.

The first concentration camps, which were originally intended to house political opponents, were established in early 1933.

The Nazis established ghettos to confine Jews and sometimes Romas into tightly packed areas of the cities of Eastern Europe, turning them into de-facto concentration camps.

By mid-1934, the SS had taken control of all concentration camps from the SA, and a new organization, the SS-Totenkopfverbände ( SS-TV ) had been established as the SS Concentration Camp Service.

In addition to occasional massacres, the Shining Path established labor camps to punish those who betrayed the " forces of the people.

Proponents of continuity cite a variety of contributory factors: it is argued that it was Lenin, rather than Stalin, whose civil war measures introduced the Red Terror with its hostage taking and internment camps, that it was Lenin who developed the infamous Article 58, and who established the autocratic system within the Communist Party.

A network of concentration camps and forced labour camps was established around Breslau, to serve industrial concerns, including FAMO, Junkers and Krupp.

* Fort Cass is established, the military headquarters and site of the largest internment camps during the 1838 Trail of Tears.

A gleam of hope is presented at Weedpatch Camp, one of the clean, utility-supplied camps operated by the Resettlement Administration, a New Deal agency that has been established to help the migrants, but there is not enough money and space to care for all of the needy.

Aided by elements of the military, secret airfields and training camps were established, while Office of Strategic Services and Force 136 agents slipped in and out of the country.

Many abandoned towns and settlements in the former Soviet Union were established near Gulag concentration camps to supply necessary services.

Manzanar was the first of the ten concentration camps to be established.

Buchenwald concentration camp ( German: Konzentrationslager ( KZ ) Buchenwald, ( eng: Beechwood forest )) was a German Nazi concentration camp established on the Ettersberg ( Etter Mountain ) near Weimar, Germany, in July 1937, one of the first and the largest of the concentration camps on German soil.

In 1974, following a coup sponsored by the Greek military junta of 1967-1974 and executed by the Cypriot National Guard the invasion of troops from Turkey ( citing its authority as one of the three guarantor powers established by the Constitution ), the Turkish Cypriots formally set up their own institutions with a popularly-elected separatist president and a Prime Minister, responsible to the National Assembly, exercising joint executive powers.

He established diplomatic relations with most major countries and, following a 1927 tour of Europe and Turkey ( during which he noted the modernization and secularization advanced by Atatürk ), introduced several reforms intended to modernize Afghanistan.

Through the intervention of the Great Powers however, Greece lost only a little territory along the border to Turkey, while Crete was established as an autonomous state under Prince George of Greece.

The Khazars ( Old Turkic: 10px10px10px10px10px ) were semi-nomadic Turkic people who established one of the largest polities of medieval Eurasia, with the capital of Atil and territory comprising much of modern-day European Russia, western Kazakhstan, eastern Ukraine, Azerbaijan, large portions of the northern Caucasus ( Circassia, Dagestan ), parts of Georgia, the Crimea, and northeastern Turkey.

In 1922, Krupp established Suderius AG in the Netherlands, as a front company for shipbuilding, and sold submarine designs to neutrals including the Netherlands, Spain, Turkey, Finland, and Japan.

Those educated in the schools established during the Tanzimat period included Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and other progressive leaders and thinkers of the Republic of Turkey and of many other former Ottoman states in the Balkans, the Middle East and North Africa.

In 1921 he established an air force, albeit with only a few Soviet planes and pilots ; Afghan personnel later received training in France, Italy, and Turkey.

After the foundation of the Republic of Turkey and the script reform, the Turkish Language Association ( TDK ) was established in 1932 under the patronage of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, with the aim of conducting research on Turkish.

Originally established as the Ottoman Stock Exchange ( Dersaadet Tahvilat Borsası ) in 1866, and reorganized to its current structure at the beginning of 1986, the Istanbul Stock Exchange ( ISE ) is the sole securities market of Turkey.

) They were followed by other small-scale private banks established between 1994 and 1995, during the DYP government of Prime Minister Tansu Çiller, who introduced drastic changes to the banking laws and regulations ; which made it very easy to establish a bank in Turkey, but also opened many loopholes in the system.

linked by cable and microwave radio relay to other Commonwealth of Independent States republics and to other countries by leased connections to the Moscow international gateway switch ; a new telephone link from Ashgabat to Iran has been established ; a new exchange in Ashgabat switches international traffic through Turkey via Intelsat ; satellite earth stations-1 Orbita and 1 Intelsat

Starting from the time when the Prophet Muhammad established the Islamic State in Medina in the 7th century all the way to the early 20th century when the last Caliphate was dissolved in Turkey.

* c. 8000 BC — Settlements at Nevali Cori in present-day Turkey are established.

* c. 8000 BC — Settlements at Sagalassos in present-day southwest Turkey are established.

The newly established Turkic Council, founded on November 3, 2009 by the Nakhchivan Agreement Mongolian confederation, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Turkey, aims to integrate these organizations into a tighter geopolitical framework.

The first permanent Greek settlement was Massalia, established at modern-day Marseille in about 600 BC by colonists coming from Phocaea ( now Foça, in modern Turkey ) on the Aegean coast of Asia Minor.

By the 1950s, Pfizer was established in Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Cuba, Iran, Mexico, Panama, Puerto Rico, Turkey and the United Kingdom.

Countries like Italy, France, Belgium, Germany ( then Holy Roman Empire ), Czech Republic ( town of Vamberk ), Slovenia ( town of Idrija ), Finland ( town of Rauma ) England ( town of Honiton ), Hungary, Ireland, Malta, Russia, Spain, Turkey and others all have established heritage expressed through lace.

Richard E. McNalty established the Turkey Track Ranch in 1878.

In 1855, Charles O. Fuller established a ranch adjacent to the Running Turkey Creek Crossing about two miles south and one mile east of Galva.

In 1855, Charles O. Fuller established a ranch adjacent to the Running Turkey Creek Crossing about two miles south and one mile east of Galva.

In the 1940s the Salina Livestock Auction and the Salina Turkey Plant were established, both of which are still operating as of 2009.

The office of the President of Turkey was established with the proclamation of the Republic of Turkey on October 29, 1923.