Juvenile idiopathic arthritis ( JIA ) ( aka Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis JRA ) is the most common form of persistent arthritis in children.

JIA is a subset of arthritis seen in childhood, which may be transient and self-limited or chronic.

Eye disease: JIA is associated with inflammation in the front of the eye ( specifically iridocyclitis, a form of chronic anterior uveitis ), which affects about one child in five who has JIA, most commonly girls.

JIA is a chronic disorder which if neglected can lead to serious complications.

A form of eye inflammation called uveitis is common with some types of JIA.

Often the eye inflammation occurs without symptoms, or while the JIA is otherwise in remission, and thus it is important for all children to get regular eye checkups from an eye physician.

Growth retardation is common in children with JIA.

JIA appears to be more common in young girls and the disease is most common in Caucasians.

The cause of JIA, as the word idiopathic suggests, is unknown and currently an area of active research.

Oligoarticular is used with JIA terminology, and pauciarticular is used with JRA terminology.

The hip is not affected unlike polyarticular JIA.

This type of JIA is more common in girls than in boys.

Rheumatoid factor may be positive in children with polyarticular JIA and is rarely positive in children with systemic JIA.

Diagnosis of JIA is difficult because joint pain in children can be from many other causes.

There is no single test that can confirm the diagnosis and most physicians use a combination of blood tests, x rays and the clinical presentation to make an initial diagnosis of JIA.

Unfortunately, the rheumatoid factor is not present in all children with JIA.

The treatment of JIA is best undertaken by an experienced team of health professionals, including pediatric rheumatologists, nurse specialists, physiotherapists, and occupational therapists.

According to some sources, JIA replaces the term juvenile rheumatoid arthritis ( JRA ).

It has also been shown to have efficacy in moderate to severe polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis ( JIA ) in children 4 years of age and older, and is approved for use in the treatment of that condition.

Adalimumab has been shown to reduce the signs and symptoms of moderate to severe polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis ( JIA ) in children four years of age and older.

However, if a cause was determined, then " idiopathic " may no longer be appropriate ( making JIA a diagnosis of exclusion ), and if the course was self-limited, then " chronic " may no longer be appropriate.

Most children with JIA are enrolled in a regular slit lamp screening program, as poorly controlled chronic anterior uveitis may result in permanent eye damage, including blindness.

) Children with polyarticular JIA are also at risk for developing chronic iridocyclitis or uveitis ( inflammation of the eye ) and should also be monitored by an ophthalmologist.

Some doctors include two other, less common forms: enthesitis-related arthritis and psoriatic JIA.

Methotrexate is a powerful drug which helps suppress joint inflammation in the majority of JIA patients with polyarthritis ( though less useful in systemic arthritis ).

The best approach to treating a child with JIA involves a team of medical professionals including a rheumatologist, occupational therapist ( OT ), physical therapist, nurse and social worker.

A small number of Jensen Interceptor Ss, which had started production under a previous company, are being completed by Jensen International Automotive ( JIA ), in parallel with JIA's own production of the new Jensen Interceptor R ; deliveries of the latter have started ( beginning of 2011 ) at the Oxfordshire-based manufacturer and restorer.

Swimming is perhaps the best activity for all children with JIA.

The airline was renamed to Jetstream International Airlines ( JIA ) in December 1983 after it took delivery of two Jetstream aircraft.

Following the USAir acquisition of Piedmont in November 1987, JIA began operating as Allegheny Commuter from the USAir hub in Philadelphia.

On 1 July 1988 JIA became a wholly owned subsidiary of USAir and began operating in the colors of US Air Express, later US Airways Express.

On 1 November 1995, USAir renamed the recently acquired JIA to PSA in order to protect the trademark of Pacific Southwest Airlines, which was once a large carrier on the West Coast that USAir had acquired.

Symptoms of JIA are often non-specific initially, and include lethargy, reduced physical activity, and poor appetite.

Children with JIA vary in the degree to which they are affected by particular symptoms. Children may also have swollen joints.

Growth disturbance: Children with JIA may have reduced overall rate of growth, especially if the disease involves many joints or other body systems.

Moreover, the medications ( corticosteroids ) used to treat JIA have potent side effects that can limit growth.

So far the actual cause of JIA remains a mystery.

Experimental studies have shown that certain viruses that have mutated may be able to trigger JIA.

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