Medieval Japan employed spears for infantrymen to use, but it was not until the 11th century in Japan that samurai began to use spears over bows. Several spears ( Yari ) and pole weapons were very fearsome in the Japanese theatres ; the naginata was a heavy, but powerful pole arm often used by mounted samurai in the 16th century.

Japanese infantrymen were not well equipped with anti-tank weapons, and as such had to use close assault tactics.

As no US tank cannon could possibly penetrate the thick bunkers created by the Japanese defenders on islands such as Tarawa or Iwo Jima, flame throwing tanks were utilized instead, while infantrymen provided the necessary security during their deployment.

Japanese Ashigaru infantrymen wore the jingasa, a helmet shaped like the conical Japanese Coolie hat.

The Japanese garrison, probably less than a battalion, managed to hold off Beightler's infantrymen until 11 February.

Iwabuchi's sailors, marines and Army reinforcements, having initially successfully resisted American infantrymen armed with flamethrowers, grenades and bazookas, faced direct fire from tanks, tank destroyers, and howitzers, who attacked one building after another and killed the Japanese — and often the trapped civilians — inside, without differentiation.

The Type 97 hand grenade was issued as standard equipment to Japanese infantrymen in the Second Sino-Japanese War and throughout the various campaigns of World War II.

The succeeding waves took the brunt of the hastily-organized Japanese defense, and several landing craft and infantrymen became victims of landmines.

During the Tsarist times, the Ainu living in Russia were forbidden from identifying themselves as such, since the Imperial Japanese officials had claimed that all the regions inhabited by the Ainu in the past or present, are a part of Japan.

The Japanese army claimed that Chinese soldiers had sabotaged the railway and in apparent retaliation ( acting contrary to the civilian government's orders ) occupied the entire region of Manchuria.

When they arrived, they were confronted with Chinese assertions that the Japanese had invaded unlawfully, while the Japanese claimed they were acting to keep peace in the area.

In Four Black Dragons various peasants describe the arrival of the American ships with escalating panic, until finally the nightmarish event does seem to be, as claimed, the end of the world .... Someone in a Tree, is a compact Rashomon-and as fine as anything Mr. Sondheim has written ... The single Act II triumph, Bowler Hat, could well be a V. S. Naipaul tale set to music and illustrated with spare Japanese brushstrokes ... Bowler Hat delivers the point of Pacific Overtures so artfully that the rest of Act II seems superfluous.

It has been suggested that the strongly hierarchical and anti-individualistic " Bugs " in Starship Troopers were meant to represent the Chinese or Japanese, but Heinlein claimed to have written the book in response to " calls for the unilateral ending of nuclear testing by the United States.

It has been claimed that the Japanese characters have deterred people from learning shogi.

In old Japanese legends, it is often claimed that the dead go to a place called yomi ( 黄泉 ), a gloomy underground realm with a river separating the living from the dead mentioned in legend of Izanami and Izanagi.

In Asia, Japan termed nations under its occupation as being part of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, essentially a Japanese hegemony which it claimed was for purposes of liberating colonised peoples.

In some languages, such as Chinese and Japanese, it has been claimed by some that all nouns are effectively mass nouns, requiring a measure word to be quantified.

The rest of Burma was to be under Japanese control, On 10 May 1942, the Thai Phayap Army entered Burma's eastern Shan State, which had been claimed by Siamese kingdoms.

Indeed, it is claimed that in such decorative English " there is often no attempt to try to get it right, nor do the vast majority of the Japanese population ever attempt to read the English design element in question.

He probably read some early Japanese works on Marx, and it has been claimed that he even attended Kawakami Hajime's lectures at Kyoto University.

The event remains a contentious political issue, as various aspects of it have been disputed by some historical revisionists and Japanese nationalists, who have claimed that the massacre has been either exaggerated or wholly fabricated for propaganda purposes.

It was claimed that every Japanese gun used in the battle was provided by Elswick.

Wired co-founder Louis Rossetto claimed in the magazine's first issue that " the Digital Revolution is whipping through our lives like a Bengali typhoon ," yet despite the fact that Kelly was involved in launching the WELL, an early source of public access to the Internet and even earlier non-Internet online experience, Wireds first issue de-emphasized the Internet, and covered interactive games, cell-phone hacking, digital special effects, military simulations, and Japanese otaku.

The matter was officially settled on December 24 when the Japanese government apologized and paid over US $ 2, 000, 000 although it claimed the attack was an accident resulting from mis-identification.

Thomas E. Devine ( who served in a postal Army unit ) wrote Eyewitness: The Amelia Earhart Incident which includes a letter from the daughter of a Japanese police official who claimed her father was responsible for Earhart's execution.

In 1990, the NBC-TV series Unsolved Mysteries broadcast an interview with a Saipanese woman who claimed to have witnessed Earhart and Noonan's execution by Japanese soldiers.

Fujimori then flew to Japan, where he submitted his resignation and claimed Japanese citizenship.

Some Japanese politicians claimed that the Taiwan Strait is an essential sea route for oil shipment from the Middle East via the Malacca Strait to Japan.

" The roles that the two male leads played by Affleck and Hartnett have in the attack sequence are analogous to the real historical deeds of U. S. Army Air Corps Second Lieutenants George Welch and Kenneth M. Taylor, who took to the skies during the Japanese attack and, together, claimed six Japanese aircraft and a few probables.

Along with the Japanese Hinomaru flag, " Kimigayo " has been claimed by those critical of it to be a symbol of Japanese nationalism, imperialism and militarism, with debate over whether " Kimigayo ", as a remnant of the Empire of Japan's imperialist past, is compatible with a contemporary Japanese parliamentary democracy.

* 1975 – The Japanese Red Army takes more than 50 hostages at the AIA Building housing several embassies in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Its characteristically " cute " Japanese animation and music, along with its play mechanics and level designs, made it successful as an arcade title and spawned several sequels and ports to home gaming systems.

In his book Flyboys: A True Story of Courage, James Bradley details several instances of cannibalism of World War II Allied prisoners by their Japanese captors.

During World War II, a US submarine, the USS Puffer ( SS-268 ), came under several hours of depth charge attack by a Japanese surface vessel until the ship became convinced the submarine had somehow escaped.

It also exists in similar forms in several non-Indo-European languages, such as the Uralic family of languages, Altaic family of languages and Japanese ( sometimes considered as Altaic ).

Japanese troops begin carrying out several weeks of raping and killing of civilians and suspected Chinese resistance after the fall of Nanjing.

When asked to accede to the throne to fill the power vacuum that subsequently developed, Suiko became the first of what would be several examples in Japanese history where a woman was chosen to accede to the throne to avert a power struggle.

In anime, Hayao Miyazaki directed Spirited Away in 2001, breaking Japanese box office records and winning several awards, followed by Howl's Moving Castle and Ponyo in 2004 and 2008 respectively.

Japanese holidays contain references to several different faiths and beliefs.

Keller traveled to 40 some-odd countries with Sullivan, making several trips to Japan and becoming a favorite of the Japanese people.

Each Japanese syllabic alphabet ( hiragana or katakana, see Kana ) would fit, but like several other alphabets of the world they aren't encoded in the ISO / IEC 8859 system.

In Asia, World War I and World War II were played out as struggles among several key imperial powers — conflicts involving the European powers along with Russia and the rising American and Japanese powers.

Central Japan is marked by the convergence of the three mountain chains — the Hida, Kiso, and Akaishi mountains — that form the Japanese Alps ( Nihon Arupusu ), several of whose peaks are higher than 3, 000 meters.

Some Japanese consonants have several allophones, which may give the impression of a larger inventory of sounds.

Japanese cuisine is based on combining the staple food which is steamed white rice or with one or several okazu or main dishes and side dishes.

In Japanese karate, the term ren geri is used for several kicks performed in succession.

Kimono-clad Japanese women did not wear panties and several women refused to jump into safety nets because they were ashamed of being seen from below.

* Kenneth Rexroth's One Hundred Poems from the Japanese ( New Directions, 1955, ISBN 0-8112-0181-3 ) contains several of Hitomaro's waka, as well as notable translations of 3 naga uta (" In the sea of ivy clothed Iwami ", " The Bay of Tsyunu ", and " When she was still alive ")

Between 1940 and 1942 he made several visits to Manchukuo ( Japanese occupied Manchuria ) to instruct his martial art.

After 1970 they splintered into several violent terrorist groups including the United Red Army who tortured their own members and the Japanese Red Army which murdered civilians and hijacked aircraft.

But he also obtained from the court astronomer Takahashi Kageyasu several detailed maps of Japan and Korea ( written by Inō Tadataka ), an act strictly forbidden by the Japanese government.

The studio has collaborated with several in-house Japanese studios as well as other American-based studios such as STI and Visual Concepts.

A work-around to this problem, common to several syllabaries around the world ( including English loanwords in Japanese ), is to write an echo vowel, as if the syllable coda was a second syllable: ba-gu for " bag ", etc.

Studying the events of several American policy " disasters " such as the failure to anticipate the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor ( 1941 ) and the Bay of Pigs Invasion fiasco ( 1961 ), Irving Janis argued that they were due to the cohesive nature of the committees that made the relevant decisions.