A biting, pithy parable of the all-pervading hollowness of modern life, the piece has been set by Mlle Lagoon to a sumptuous score ( a single motif played over and over by four thousand French horns ) by existentialist hot-shot Jean-Paul Sartre.

In calling his work Being and Nothingness an " essay in phenomenological ontology " Jean-Paul Sartre follows Heidegger in defining the human essence as ambiguous, or relating fundamentally to such ambiguity.

Other utilitarian-type views include the claims that the end of action is survival and growth, as in evolutionary ethics ( the 19th-century English philosopher Herbert Spencer ); the experience of power, as in despotism ( the 16th-century Italian political philosopher Niccolò Machiavelli and the 19th-century German Friedrich Nietzsche ); satisfaction and adjustment, as in pragmatism ( 20th-century American philosophers Ralph Barton Perry and John Dewey ); and freedom, as in existentialism ( the 20th-century French philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre ).

" Ideen advanced his transition to a " transcendental interpretation " of phenomenology, a view later criticized by, among others, Jean-Paul Sartre.

The first prominent existentialist philosopher to adopt the term as a self-description was Jean-Paul Sartre.

Many of the literary works of Søren Kierkegaard, Franz Kafka, Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Jean-Paul Sartre, and Albert Camus contain descriptions of people who encounter the absurdity of the world.

*" Existentialism is a Humanism ", a lecture given by Jean-Paul Sartre

Albert Camus opposed both Nazi fascism and Stalinist communism, leading to a split with Jean-Paul Sartre.

Jean-Paul Charles Aymard Sartre (; ; 21 June 1905 – 15 April 1980 ) was a French existentialist philosopher, playwright, novelist, screenwriter, political activist, biographer, and literary critic.

Jean-Paul Sartre was born in Paris as the only child of Jean-Baptiste Sartre, an officer of the French Navy, and Anne-Marie Schweitzer.

As a man, if a certain Jean-Paul Sartre is remembered, I would like people to remember the milieu or historical situation in which I lived ,... how I lived in it, in terms of all the aspirations which I tried to gather up within myself.

Jean-Paul Sartre and Simone de Beauvoir at the Balzac Memorial

* Aronson, Ronald ( 1980 ) Jean-Paul Sartre – Philosophy in the World.

* Gerassi, John ( 1989 ) Jean-Paul Sartre: Hated Conscience of His Century.

* Judaken, Jonathan ( 2006 ) " Jean-Paul Sartre and the Jewish Question: Anti-antisemitism and the Politics of the French Intellectual.

* Kirsner, Douglas ( 2003 ) The Schizoid World of Jean-Paul Sartre and R. D.

* Scriven, Michael ( 1999 ) Jean-Paul Sartre: Politics and Culture in Postwar France.

* Thody, Philip ( 1964 ) Jean-Paul Sartre.

Sulla filosofia politica di Jean-Paul Sartre, Macerata, EUM, 2010.

* John Gerassi, Jean-Paul Sartre: Hated Conscience of His Century, Volume 1: Protestant or Protester ?, University of Chicago Press, 1989.

* Axel Madsen, Hearts and Minds: The Common Journey of Simone de Beauvoir and Jean-Paul Sartre, William Morrow & Co, 1977.

* Jean-Paul Sartre and Benny Levy, Hope Now: The 1980 Interviews, translated by Adrian van den Hoven, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996.

* Jonathan Webber The existentialism of Jean-Paul Sartre, London: Routledge, 2009

At the height of the French Revolution, he was accused by Jean-Paul Marat of selling adulterated tobacco, and of other crimes and was eventually guillotined a year after Marat's death.

When the new National Convention held its first meeting, David was sitting with his friends Jean-Paul Marat and Robespierre.

Jean-Paul Rappeneau's Cyrano de Bergerac was a major box-office success in 1990, earning several César Awards, including best actor for Gérard Depardieu, as well as an Academy Award nomination for best foreign picture.

Maurice Merleau-Ponty () ( 14 March 1908 – 3 May 1961 ) was a French phenomenological philosopher, strongly influenced by Karl Marx, Edmund Husserl, and Martin Heidegger in addition to being closely associated with Jean-Paul Sartre ( who later stated he had been " converted " to Marxism by Merleau-Ponty ) and Simone de Beauvoir.

This was the time of Jean-Paul Sartre and Louis Althusser, and the victories of Mao Zedong in China and Fidel Castro in Cuba, as well as the events of May 1968 led to increased interest in revolutionary ideology, especially by the New Left.

Throughout the 1940s and 1950s, existentialism, such as that propounded by Jean-Paul Sartre, was the dominant European intellectual movement.

Hoping that his work would be picked up by Gallimard, the publishers of Jean-Paul Sartre's influential bestseller, Being and Nothingness ( 1943 ), he was perturbed when they rejected him, instead selecting Plon.

It was during the height of interest in structuralism in 1966, and Foucault was quickly grouped with scholars such as Jacques Lacan, Claude Lévi-Strauss, and Roland Barthes as the newest, latest wave of thinkers set to topple the existentialism popularized by Jean-Paul Sartre.

She initially felt alienated by the isolation of the campus ( at that time she was interested in Albert Camus and Jean-Paul Sartre ), but she soon made friends with foreign students.

The final scene shot in Paris was at the Gare Saint-Lazare train station where Luc is chased by police inspector Jean-Paul Cardon ( Jean Reno ) while trying to board a train south to Cannes.

He had met Jean-Paul Sartre on a U. S. lecture tour after the war, and was under the influence of existentialism, rejecting its atheist implications.

A prime example of the European tradition is Jean-Paul Sartre's Critique of Dialectical Reason, which is very different from the works of Popper, whose philosophy was for a time highly influential in the UK where he resided ( see below ).

On 19 November 1793, the city changed its name to Hâvre de Marat and later Hâvre-Marat in honour of the recently deceased Jean-Paul Marat, who was seen as a martyr of the French Revolution.

His political activities led to his arrest on 19 May 1790, but he was released in July before the Fête de la Fédération, thanks to pressure exerted nationally by the revolutionary and journalist Jean-Paul Marat.

Here he was influenced by political prisoners, notably Philippe Buonarroti, Simon Duplay, and Lebois, editor of the Journal de l ' Égalité and afterwards of the L ' Ami du peuple papers of Leclerc which carried on the traditions of Jean-Paul Marat.

& Vie quotidienne a Montmartre au temps de Picasso, 1900-1910 ( Daily Life on Montmartre in the Times of Picasso ) was written by Jean-Paul Crespelle, an author-historian who specialized in the artistic life of Montmartre and Montparnasse.

Jean-Paul Marat (; 24 May 1743 – 13 July 1793 ), born in the Principality of Neuchâtel, was a physician, political theorist, and scientist best known for his career in France as a radical journalist and politician during the French Revolution.

Jean-Paul Marat was born in Boudry in the Prussian Principality of Neuchâtel, now part of Switzerland, on 24 May 1743.

Another prominent target was the philosopher and public intellectual Jean-Paul Sartre, who supported the FLN.