John Rawls, a critic of utilitarianism, argues that utilitarianism, in common with other forms of consequentialism, relies on the perspective of such an ideal observer.

In 1971 John Rawls published A Theory of Justice, noteworthy in its pursuit of moral arguments and eschewing of meta-ethics.

* 1921 – John Rawls, American philosopher ( d. 2002 )

John Rawls was an American philosopher, a professor of political philosophy at Harvard University and author of A Theory of Justice ( 1971 ), Political Liberalism, Justice as Fairness: A Restatement, and The Law of Peoples.

* Rawls, John ( 1999 ).

According to most contemporary theories of justice, justice is overwhelmingly important: John Rawls claims that " Justice is the first virtue of social institutions, as truth is of systems of thought.

In his A Theory of Justice, John Rawls used a social contract argument to show that justice, and especially distributive justice, is a form of fairness: an impartial distribution of goods.

** The Contractarianism of John Rawls, which holds that the moral acts are those that we would all agree to if we were unbiased.

From the end of World War II until 1971, when John Rawls published A Theory of Justice, political philosophy declined in the Anglo-American academic world, as analytic philosophers expressed skepticism about the possibility that normative judgments had cognitive content, and political science turned toward statistical methods and behavioralism.

* John Rawls: Revitalized the study of normative political philosophy in Anglo-American universities with his 1971 book A Theory of Justice, which uses a version of social contract theory to answer fundamental questions about justice and to criticise utilitarianism.

* John Rawls

* Rawls, John ( 2000 ), Lectures on the History of Moral Philosophy, Barbara Herman ( ed.

The objection that ‘ utilitarianism does not take seriously the distinction between persons ’ came to prominence in 1971 with the publication of John Rawls ’ A Theory of Justice.

* November 24 – John Rawls, American political theorist ( b. 1921 )

Robert Nozick and John Rawls expressed competing visions in Nozick's Anarchy, State, and Utopia and Rawls ' A Theory of Justice.

Social contract theories were eclipsed in the nineteenth century in favor of utilitarianism, Hegelianism, and Marxism, and were revived in the twentieth, notably in the form of a thought experiment by John Rawls.

John Rawls ( 1921 – 2002 ) proposed a contractarian approach that has a decidedly Kantian flavour, in A Theory of Justice ( 1971 ), whereby rational people in a hypothetical " original position ", setting aside their individual preferences and capacities under a " veil of ignorance ", would agree to certain general principles of justice and legal organization.

* Rawls, John.

Social justice as a secular concept, distinct from religious teachings, emerged mainly in the late twentieth century, influenced primarily by philosopher John Rawls.

Political philosopher John Rawls draws on the utilitarian insights of Bentham and Mill, the social contract ideas of John Locke, and the categorical imperative ideas of Kant.

* Rawls, John.

* Rawls, John.

For example, John Rawls asks us to imagine a group of persons in a situation where they know nothing about themselves, and are charged with devising a social or political organization ( See the veil of ignorance ).

John Bardeen then argued in the 1955 paper, " Theory of the Meissner Effect in Superconductors " that such a modification naturally occurs in a theory with an energy gap.

* John Robert Schrieffer, Theory of Superconductivity, ( 1964 ), ISBN 0-7382-0120-0

Chemistry came of age when Antoine Lavoisier ( 1743 – 1794 ) developed the theory of Conservation of mass in 1783 ; and the development of the Atomic Theory by John Dalton around 1800.

< p >— John Maynard Keynes, The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money p11 </ p >

* Introduction to Languages and the Theory of Computation by John C. Martin McGraw Hill 1996 ( 2nd edition )

* John E. Hopcroft and Jeffrey D. Ullman, Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages and Computation, Addison-Wesley Publishing, Reading Massachusetts, 1979.

Irving Fisher in his 1930 book " The Theory of Interest " and John Burr Williams's 1938 text ' The Theory of Investment Value ' first formally expressed the DCF method in modern economic terms.

The field dates from the 1944 classic Theory of Games and Economic Behavior by John von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern.

During the Great Depression of the 1930s, John Maynard Keynes authored a book entitled The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money outlining the key theories of Keynesian economics.

John Hicks ' IS / LM model has been the most influential interpretation of The General Theory.

The idea of MWI originated in Everett's Princeton Ph. D. thesis " The Theory of the Universal Wavefunction ", developed under his thesis advisor John Archibald Wheeler, a shorter summary of which was published in 1957 entitled " Relative State Formulation of Quantum Mechanics " ( Wheeler contributed the title " relative state "; Everett originally called his approach the " Correlation Interpretation ", where " correlation " refers to quantum entanglement ).

Perhaps the first elaborate and systematic exposition was by John Venn, in The Logic of Chance: An Essay on the Foundations and Province of the Theory of Probability ( published editions in 1866, 1876, 1888 ).

* John Burr Williams: Theory

* Kenneth E. Boulding, cofounder of the General Systems Theory, winner of the John Bates Clark Medal

Collier was influenced by An Essay Towards the Theory of the Ideal or Intelligible World by " Cambridge Platonist " John Norris ( 1701 ).

* John Barrell, The Political Theory of Painting from Reynolds to Hazlitt ( 1986 ).

The John von Neumann Theory Prize of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences

no: John von Neumann Theory Prize

He admitted that he was directly influenced by Purchas's Pilgrimage, but there are additional strong literary connections to other works, including John Milton's Paradise Lost, Samuel Johnson's Rasselas, Chatterton's African Eclogues, William Bartram's Travels through North and South Carolina, Thomas Burnet's Sacred Theory of the Earth, Mary Wollstonecraft's A Short Residence in Sweden, Plato's Phaedrus and Ion, Maurice's The History of Hindostan, and Heliodorus's Aethiopian History.

* " Deploying IP and MPLS QoS for Multiservice Networks: Theory and Practice " by John Evans, Clarence Filsfils ( Morgan Kaufmann, 2007, ISBN 0-12-370549-5 )