* Standards for Congregational Practice by the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism

In 1979 he assembled this into A Guide to Jewish Religious Practice, which is used widely by laypeople and rabbis within Conservative Judaism.

Judaism: History, Belief and Practice.

* Rabbi Wayne Dossick, Living Judaism: The Complete Guide to Jewish Belief, Tradition, and Practice., pages 249-251.

Isaac Klein's A Guide to Jewish Religious Practice, a comprehensive guide frequently used within Conservative Judaism also addresses Conservative views on other uses of a mikveh, but because it predates the 2006 opinions it describes an approach more closely resembling the Orthodox one and does not address the leniencies and views those opinions reflected.

Judaism When Christianity Began: A Survey of Belief and Practice.

* Judaism: Practice and Belief 1992 SCM Press ISBN 0-334-02470-6

Archbishop of Washington, DC, " Unifying Religious Threads that Provide a Common Ground for Peace " 2009 Rabbi Michael Schudrich, Chief Rabbi of Poland, " A Rabbi ’ s Reflection on the Teachings of John Paul II " 2010 Mona Siddiqui, Prominent Islamic Scholar and Professor of Islamic Studies and Public Understanding at the University of Glasgow, " Islamic Perspectives on Judaism and Christianity " 2011 Professor David F. Ford, a world's renowned Anglican theologian, the Regius Professor of Divinity at the University of Cambridge, England, and director of the Cambridge Inter-Faith Programme, " Jews, Christians and Muslims Meet around their Scriptures: An Inter-faith Practice for the Twenty-first Century " 2012 His Eminence Cardinal Kurt Koch, President of the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity and the Commission of the Holy See for Religious Relations with the Jews " Building on Nostra Aetate: 50 Years of Christian-Jewish Dialogue "

Belief in the eventual coming of a future messiah is a fundamental part of Judaism, and is one of Maimonides ' 13 Principles of Faith.

Belief in the eventual coming of the mashiach is a basic and fundamental part of traditional Judaism.

Belief in the messiahship and divinity of Jesus, which Messianic Judaism generally shares, is viewed by many Christian denominations and Jewish religious movements as a defining distinction between Christianity and Judaism.

In 1530, in presence of the emperor and his court at Augsburg, Josel had a public disputation with the baptized Jew Antonius Margaritha, who had published a pamphlet Der gantze Jüdisch Glaub ( The Whole Jewish Belief ) full of libelous accusations against Judaism.

`` I want to show respect for my parents' religion '' was the way in which a boy justified his inhabiting a halfway house of Judaism.

Rabbi Trugman states that in the last five centuries the concept of reincarnation, which until then had been a much hidden tradition within Judaism, was given open exposure.

Germain Morin broke new ground by suggesting in 1899 that the writer was Isaac, a converted Jew and writer of a tract on the Trinity and Incarnation, who was exiled to Spain in 378-380 and then relapsed to Judaism ; but he afterwards abandoned this theory of the authorship in favour of Decimus Hilarianus Hilarius, proconsul of Africa in 377.

In 2008, psychology professor Benny Shanon published a controversial hypothesis that a brew analogous to Ayahuasca was heavily connected to early Judaism, and that the effects of this brew were responsible for some of the most significant events of Moses ' life, including his vision of the burning bush.

Above all, he was a thorough believer in revelation and in a divine providence, and was a sincere, law-observing follower of rabbinical Judaism.

While Judah I was still living, Rav, having been duly ordained as teacher — though not without certain restrictions ( Sanhedrin 5a )— returned to Babylonia, where he at once began a career that was destined to mark an epoch in the development of Babylonian Judaism.

Heschel was particularly spurned by his colleague Mordechai Kaplan, founder of Reconstructionist Judaism, and many students who attended JTS in the 1950s sympathized with Kaplan over Heschel.

Disraeli spoke in favour of the measure, arguing that Christianity was " completed Judaism ," and asking of the House of Commons " Where is your Christianity if you do not believe in their Judaism?

While animal sacrifice was part of the practice of ancient Judaism, the Tanakh ( Old Testament ) and Jewish teaching portray human sacrifice as one of the evils that separated the pagans of Canaan from the Hebrews (, ).

At the time of Jesus, there was no single, coherent form or order within Second Temple Judaism, and significant political, social and religious differences existed among the Jews.

In Europe the movement was known as Positive-Historical Judaism, and it is still known as " the historical school.

Positive-Historical Judaism, the intellectual forerunner to Conservative Judaism, was developed as a school of thought in the 1840s and 1850s in Germany.

Its principal founder was Rabbi Zecharias Frankel, who had broken with the German Reform Judaism in 1845 over its rejection of the primacy of the Hebrew language in Jewish prayer and the rejection of the laws of kashrut.

However, Frankel's use of modern methods of historical scholarship in analyzing Jewish texts and developing Jewish law set him apart from neo-Orthodox Judaism, which was concurrently developing under the leadership of Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch.

The differences between the more modern and traditional branches of American Judaism came to a head in 1883, at the " Trefa Banquet " at the Highland House entertainment pavilion, which was at the top of the Mount Adams Incline – where shellfish and other non-kosher dishes were served at the celebration of the first graduating class of Hebrew Union College in Cincinnati.

After a substantial gift from Los Angeles philanthropist Ruth Ziegler, a new rabbinical school was formed at the American Jewish University ( then University of Judaism ) in Bel Air, California.

Conservative Judaism is comfortable with higher criticism, including the documentary hypothesis, the theory that the Torah was redacted from several earlier sources.

However, Conservative Judaism also rejects the Reform view, that the Torah was not revealed but divinely inspired.

Conservative Judaism believes that its approach is the most authentic expression of Judaism as it was traditionally practiced.

* Admiel Kosman, Between Orthodox Judaism and nihilism: Reflections on the recently published writings of the late Rabbi Shimon Gershon Rosenberg, Haaretz, Aug. 17, 2012.

After collaborating with a Jewish convert to assist him with the Hebrew, Justin published an attack on Judaism based upon a no-longer-extant text of a Midrash.

In cooperation with the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism and the Jewish Publication Society, the RA published the Etz Hayim Humash, a Torah commentary for synagogue use.

A modern translation of Rashi's commentary on the Chumash ( Judaism ) | Chumash, published by Artscroll

Max Weber published four major texts on religion in a context of economic sociology and his rationalization thesis: The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism ( 1905 ), The Religion of China: Confucianism and Taoism ( 1915 ), The Religion of India: The Sociology of Hinduism and Buddhism ( 1915 ), and Ancient Judaism ( 1920 ).

The next platform – The Guiding Principles of Reform Judaism (" The Columbus Platform ") – was published by the Central Conference of American Rabbis ( CCAR ) in 1937.

In 1982 Tradition: A Journal of Orthodox Jewish Thought published a symposium on the state of Orthodox Judaism, with contributions by many leading Orthodox rabbis.

He wrote a number of influential books, and for a number of years published the monthly journal Jeschurun, in which he outlined his philosophy of Judaism.

During this period he wrote his Neunzehn Briefe über Judenthum, ( Nineteen Letters on Judaism ) which were published, under the pseudonym of " Ben Usiel " ( or " Uziel "), at Altona in 1836.

In 1838 Hirsch published, as a necessary concomitant of the Letters, his Horeb, oder Versuche über Jissroel's Pflichten in der Zerstreuung, which is a text-book on Judaism for educated Jewish youth.

In 1839 he published Erste Mittheilungen aus Naphtali's Briefwechsel, a polemical essay against the reforms in Judaism proposed by Geiger and the contributors to the latter's Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift für jüdische Theologie ( such as Michael Creizenach ); and in 1844 he published Zweite Mittheilungen aus einem Briefwechsel über die Neueste Jüdische Literatur, also polemical in tendency and attacking Holdheim's Die Autonomie der Rabbinen ( 1843 ).

He has published in scholarly venues such as the Society of Biblical Literature, Revue de Qumran, Coptic Encyclopedia, Journal for the Study of Judaism, the Anchor Bible Dictionary, and many others.

He also published works on the Last Days of the Life of Jesus, on Judaism in the Time of Christ, on John of Damascus ( 1879 ) and an Examination of the Vatican Dogma in the Light of Patristic Exegesis of the New Testament.

A contemporary right-wing Spanish newspaper published a condemnation of the film and of Buñuel and Dalí, which described the content of the film as “... the most repulsive corruption of our age ... the new poison which Judaism, Masonry, and rabid, revolutionary sectarianism want to use in order to corrupt the people ”.

University of Toronto librarian, Jenny Mendelsohn, in an online guide to major sources of information about Jews and Judaism, writes of the Encyclopedia, " Although published in the early 1900s, this was a work highly regarded for its scholarship.

* Why I Am Not a Jew, by David Dvorkin, is a similar essay published in Free Enquiry Magazine explaining the author's transition from Judaism to atheism.

* Issues, a Jewish magazine published by the American Council for Judaism

After a few dramas and poems she published in the United States in 1842 Spirit of Judaism, in defence of her faith and its professors, and in 1845 The Jewish Faith and The Women of Israel.

* Purple Triangles: A Story of Spiritual Resistance by Jolene Chu, originally published in Judaism Today, No. 12, Spring 1999

* Judaism Without Embellishments by Trofim K. Kichko, published by the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, 1963

Some statements can be considered anti-semitic, and Lorber was in fact noted by the anti-semitic proponents of " Ariosophy " racial mysticism during the 1920, e. g. by Lanz von Liebenfels, who in 1926 published on Jakob Lorber as " the greatest ariosophic medium of the modern era " ( das grösste ariosophische Medium der Neuzeit ) Then again it is said in the books of Lorber, that salvation comes to all men from the Jews, and that one should in all truth return to Judaism and that the God of the Jews is the only true, eternal God.

** Articles about conversion to Judaism published by major newspapers

In 1905 Baeck published The Essence of Judaism, in response to Adolf von Harnack's The Essence of Christianity.