When dealing with other denominations who have different philosophies, the Modern Orthodox outlook is that differences have not been generated by heretical or iniquitous intent, but by an attempt to reconcile Judaism with modernity.

When the Second Temple in Jerusalem was looted and its religious services stopped, Judaism was effectively outlawed.

When the founder of Hasidic Judaism, Rabbi Yisrael ben Eliezer, the Baal Shem Tov ( 1698 – 1760 ), emerged and made his teachings and influence felt through his own disciples, many rabbinical opponents of Hasidism were suspicious that he and his Hasidim were a class of Sabbateans.

He was married to a Protestant Christian woman and, despite his Hungarian background, he felt affiliated to German culture, writing in an autobiographical sketch, " When I reached the age of fifteen, I left the Jewish way of life and the study of the Torah ... Judaism remained a mere memory and since then I have always felt as a German and as a German only.

When synthesized, one can discern that the Pharisees represented mainstream Judaism in the Hellenistic world, while the Sadducees represented a more aristocratic elite.

When his Messianic pretensions became too bold, they put him and his followers under a ban of cherem, a type of excommunication in Judaism.

When Conservative Judaism began to develop as a distinct movement, it too generally rejected confirmation as either unnecessary, or as a non-Jewish innovation.

When Hasidic Judaism became influential in his native town, the Vilna Gaon joined the rabbis and heads of the Polish communities known as the Mitnagdim, to curb Hasidic influence.

When Ridley was a young man, he converted from Judaism to Christianity and took a leading part in founding the British Society for the Propagation of the Gospel among the Jews.

When members are not Jewish, they are asked to indicate whether or not they would consider conversion to Judaism.

# When converting to Judaism.

When Rabbi Ishmael Ḥanina was being racked, he declared that should the pains of torture elicit from him any words that might be construed as casting reflection on Judaism, they would be false and null.

When coming upon elements he seemed to recognize from Judaism, rather than seeing these as organic forms that could have arisen independently in numerous religions ( Eliade ), Payne claimed they were derived from Judaism.

When Leib Sarah's found him, he sang a song he knew from the shepherds, which he adapted to Judaism by changing the words.

When his father-in-law, Alvaro de Montalbán, was accused of secretly returning to Judaism in 1525, the Inquisition refused to allow Rojas to act as defending lawyer, but this was evidently on account of Rojas's status as a converso rather than from any suspicion that he might be secretly practising Judaism.

Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, Jainism, Judaism and Sikhism, etc., place particular emphasis on altruistic morality.

Christianity and Judaism employ the concept of paradox synonymously with ' ambiguity '.

It should be noted that the Book of Enoch is considered apocryphal by most denominations of Christianity and all denominations of Judaism.

A History of God: The 4, 000-Year Quest of Judaism, Christianity and Islam.

Supporters of this view believe that “ to a hypothetical outside reader, presents Christianity as enlightened, harmless, even beneficent .” Some believe that through this work, Luke intended to show the Roman Empire that the root of Christianity is within Judaism so that the Christians “ may receive the same freedom to practice their faith that the Roman Empire afforded the Jews .” Those who support the view of Luke ’ s work as political apology generally draw evidence from the facts that Christians are found innocent of committing any political crime ( Acts 25: 25 ; 19: 37 ; 19: 40 ) and that Roman officials ’ views towards Christians are generally positive.

In this view, Christianity is seen as a religion in its own right, rather than a subset of Judaism, if one makes the common assumption that Judaism is not universal, however see Noahide Laws and Christianity and Judaism for details.

Category: Converts to Christianity from Judaism

The order of the books of the Torah or Pentateuch are universal through all denominations of Judaism and Christianity.

Disraeli spoke in favour of the measure, arguing that Christianity was " completed Judaism ," and asking of the House of Commons " Where is your Christianity if you do not believe in their Judaism?

This model of monotheism became the defining characteristic of post-Exilic Judaism, and became the basis for Christianity and Islam.

The contents are correspondingly varied: a confession of sin and a plea to God not to maintain his anger forever ( ch. 63: 7 – 64: 11 ); a poem on the theme that God has no need of a temple because Heaven is his throne and Earth his footstool ( Isaiah 66: 1 – 2 ); verses setting out conditions for admission to the community ; complaints of sin, incompetence and paganism ; and distinctions between the " righteous " and the " sinners ", foreshadowing the categories used in much later Judaism and early Christianity.

In Judaism and Christianity, its authorship is attributed to a prophet who lived in the Assyrian Period, Obadiah, whose name means “ servant or worshipper of Yahweh ”.

The Ten Commandments, are a set of biblical principles relating to ethics and worship, which play a fundamental role in Judaism and most forms of Christianity.

The term, however, is notably used to construct the names of religions in Chinese: the terms for Islam, Judaism, Christianity, and other religions in Chinese all end with jiào.

However, following the destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem in 70 AD, the new Christian movement and Rabbinic Judaism increasingly parted ways, see also List of events in early Christianity.

Christian attitudes to Judaism and to the Jewish people developed from the early years of Christianity, the persecution of Christians in the New Testament, and persisted over the ensuing centuries, driven by numerous factors including theological differences, competition between Church and Synagogue, the Christian drive for converts decreed by the Great Commission, misunderstanding of Jewish beliefs and practices, and a perceived Jewish hostility toward Christians.

* See: Chepey, S. Nazirites in Late Second Temple Judaism: A Survey of Ancient Jewish Writings, the New Testament, Archaeological Evidence, and other Writings from Late Antiquity.

Belief in the eventual coming of a future messiah is a fundamental part of Judaism, and is one of Maimonides ' 13 Principles of Faith.

Belief in the eventual coming of the mashiach is a basic and fundamental part of traditional Judaism.

Belief in the messiahship and divinity of Jesus, which Messianic Judaism generally shares, is viewed by many Christian denominations and Jewish religious movements as a defining distinction between Christianity and Judaism.

Judaism: History, Belief and Practice.

* Rabbi Wayne Dossick, Living Judaism: The Complete Guide to Jewish Belief, Tradition, and Practice., pages 249-251.

In 1530, in presence of the emperor and his court at Augsburg, Josel had a public disputation with the baptized Jew Antonius Margaritha, who had published a pamphlet Der gantze Jüdisch Glaub ( The Whole Jewish Belief ) full of libelous accusations against Judaism.

Judaism: Practice and Belief was published in 1992 and tested Sanders ' thesis in the light of concrete Jewish practices.

* Judaism: Practice and Belief 1992 SCM Press ISBN 0-334-02470-6

* Standards for Congregational Practice by the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism

In 1979 he assembled this into A Guide to Jewish Religious Practice, which is used widely by laypeople and rabbis within Conservative Judaism.

Isaac Klein's A Guide to Jewish Religious Practice, a comprehensive guide frequently used within Conservative Judaism also addresses Conservative views on other uses of a mikveh, but because it predates the 2006 opinions it describes an approach more closely resembling the Orthodox one and does not address the leniencies and views those opinions reflected.

Archbishop of Washington, DC, " Unifying Religious Threads that Provide a Common Ground for Peace " 2009 Rabbi Michael Schudrich, Chief Rabbi of Poland, " A Rabbi ’ s Reflection on the Teachings of John Paul II " 2010 Mona Siddiqui, Prominent Islamic Scholar and Professor of Islamic Studies and Public Understanding at the University of Glasgow, " Islamic Perspectives on Judaism and Christianity " 2011 Professor David F. Ford, a world's renowned Anglican theologian, the Regius Professor of Divinity at the University of Cambridge, England, and director of the Cambridge Inter-Faith Programme, " Jews, Christians and Muslims Meet around their Scriptures: An Inter-faith Practice for the Twenty-first Century " 2012 His Eminence Cardinal Kurt Koch, President of the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity and the Commission of the Holy See for Religious Relations with the Jews " Building on Nostra Aetate: 50 Years of Christian-Jewish Dialogue "