In the United States and Canada, the term Conservative, as applied, does not always indicate that a congregation is affliliated with the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism, the movement's central institution and the one to which the term, without qualifier, usually refers.

However, the Leadership Council of Conservative Judaism has a different sociological approach to this issue than does Orthodoxy, although agreeing religiously.

Under this approach, anti-Judaism is not regarded as antisemitism as it only rejects the religious ideas of Judaism and does not involve actual hostility to the Jewish people.

" For many reasons, some historical and some religious, Judaism does not encourage its members to convert others and in fact would require the initiative from the person who would like to convert.

Judaism does not accept the retronymic labeling of its sacred texts as the " Old Testament ", and some Jews refer to the New Testament as the Christian Testament or Christian Bible.

Therefore, just as Christianity does not accept that Mosaic Law has any authority over Christians, Judaism does not accept that the New Testament has any religious authority over Jews.

Judaism does not see human beings as inherently flawed or sinful and needful of being saved from it, but rather capable with a free will of being righteous, and unlike Christianity does not closely associate ideas of " salvation " with a New Covenant delivered by a Jewish messiah, although in Judaism Jewish people will have a renewed national commitment of observing God's commandments under the New Covenant, and the Jewish Messiah will also be ruling at a time of global peace and acceptance of God by all people.

Judaism also does not have a notion of hell as a place ruled by Satan since God's dominion is total and Satan is only one of God's angels.

Judaism does not believe that God requires the sacrifice of any human.

Judaism does not believe in the Christian concept of hell but does have a punishment stage in the afterlife ( i. e. Gehenna, the New Testament word translated as hell ) as well as a Heaven ( Gan Eden ), but the religion does not intend it as a focus.

Judaism requires circumcision for boys, but does not allow it for girls.

Judaism classically draws no distinction in its laws between religious and ostensibly non-religious life ; Jewish religious tradition does not distinguish clearly between religious, national, racial, or ethnic identities.

Moreover, as a non-creedal religion, some have argued that Judaism does not require one to believe in God.

Consequently, in his view, Judaism does not fit easily into conventional Western categories, such as religion, ethnicity, or culture.

* Reconstructionist Judaism, like Reform Judaism, does not hold that Jewish law, as such, requires observance, but unlike Reform, Reconstructionist thought emphasizes the role of the community in deciding what observances to follow.

Rabbinic Judaism does not believe that the preceding verses refer to what is nowadays described as a homosexual inclination, nor do these verses refer to lesbian sexual activity.

His opposition to Judaism was typical of church leaders in his day, but does not descend to the level of anti-semitism.

In this view, these were beliefs that were necessary for the masses to believe in order to maintain a structured society and to encourage the observance of Judaism.

However, Judaism does not encourage people to seek pleasure for its own sake but rather to do so in a spiritual way.

He was reportedly a patron of the Three Faiths Forum, a group which aims to encourage friendship, goodwill and understanding amongst people of the three monotheistic faiths of Christianity, Judaism and Islam in the United Kingdom and elsewhere.

The stated goal is to encourage Jews to learn more about their Jewish heritage and to practice Judaism.

Currently the Dor Deah branch of Orthodoxy is the only group known to actively encourage the proselytizing of Gentiles to Judaism.

It aspired to encourage Jews to become better by acting as role-models and teaching Judaism to other Israelis by example.

Reform Judaism, Reconstructionist Judaism and Conservative Judaism encourage interfaith dialogue.

Founded on January 15, 1939 by the Union of American Hebrew Congregations ( now called the Union for Reform Judaism ), the then-titled National Federation of Temple Youth was a program to encourage college students to engage in synagogue life.

Growing out of Pharisaic Judaism, Rabbinic Judaism became the predominant stream within the Jewish diaspora between the 2nd to 6th centuries, with the redaction of the oral law and the Talmud as the authoritative interpretation of Jewish scripture and to encourage the practice of Judaism in the absence of Temple sacrifice and other practices no longer possible.

Pro-environmental teachings are developing in so-called world religions including Buddhsm, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, and Judaism, and many religious leaders encourage their followers to make behavioural changes in their lifestyle, hence, pointing to the potentials for a spiritual appeal to environmental behaviour.

The Baal Shem Tov was thus determined to encourage his influential disciples ( talmidim ) to launch a spiritual revolution in Jewish life in order to reinvigorate the Jewish masses ' connections with Torah Judaism and to vigorously motivate them to bind themselves to the joyous observance of the commandments, worship, Torah study, and sincere belief in God, so that the lures of Christianity and Islam, and the appeal of the rising secular Enlightenment, to the Jewish masses would be weakened and halted.

Bnei Akiva's objectives are to educate Jewish youth with values of Torah Va ' Avodah ( Torah and work ), to provide stimulating experiential and informal opportunities for encountering Judaism, and to encourage Jewish continuity and leadership, e. g. members are encouraged to spend a year in Israel on organised learning and touring programs to broaden their knowledge of Israel and developing their leadership skills.

Many religions, including Islam, Judaism and some forms of Christianity, such as Roman Catholicism with its sacrament of marriage, encourage procreation.

Today there is an interest by some Jewish groups working in Spain to encourage the descendants of the Marranos to return to Judaism.

The statement makes it clear that homosexual activity is still prohibited, saying inter alia that " Halakhah sees heterosexual marriage as the ideal model and sole legitimate outlet for human sexual expression "; " Halakhic Judaism views all male and female same-sex sexual interactions as prohibited "; and " halakhic values proscribe individuals and communities from encouraging practices that grant religious legitimacy to gay marriage and couplehood ".

Judaism forbids intercourse outside marriage ( which is termed zenuth or promiscuity ), but has no ideal of chastity.

In contrast, many others such as Nachmanides ( in his Torah commentary on Leviticus 1: 9 ) disagreed, contending that sacrifices are an ideal in Judaism, completely central.

' Jewishness ', whilst not ideal, is perhaps a closer English approximation to ' Judentum ' than ' Judaism '.

For example, he explains that ideal Greek forms for reason and wisdom illustrate the deep, mystical truth of God and Judaism.

My ideal was to elevate Judaism to a similar rational level.

Yet this very union, in one so consistent as Judah, demanded the fulfillment of the supreme politico-religious ideal of medieval Judaism — the " return to Jerusalem ".

Humility is a paramount ideal within Judaism.

In A Radical Jew, Boyarin argues that Paul of Tarsus combined the life of Jesus with Greek philosophy to reinterpret the Hebrew Bible in terms of the Platonic opposition between the ideal ( which is real ) and the material ( which is false ); see also Paul of Tarsus and Judaism.

To seek personal spiritual advancement through learning is a commendable ideal of Rabbinic Judaism.