Just as work began at the Champ de Mars, the " Committee of Three Hundred " ( one member for each metre of the tower's height ) was formed, led by Charles Garnier and including some of the most important figures of the French arts establishment, including Adolphe Bouguereau, Guy de Maupassant, Charles Gounod and Jules Massenet: a petition was sent to Charles Alphand, the Minister of Works, and was published by Le Temps.

Some notable mathematicians include Archimedes of Syracuse, Leonhard Euler, Carl Gauss, Johann Bernoulli, Jacob Bernoulli, Aryabhata, Brahmagupta, Bhaskara II, Nilakantha Somayaji, Omar Khayyám, Muhammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī, Bernhard Riemann, Gottfried Leibniz, Andrey Kolmogorov, Euclid of Alexandria, Jules Henri Poincaré, Srinivasa Ramanujan, Alexander Grothendieck, David Hilbert, Alan Turing, von Neumann, Kurt Gödel, Joseph-Louis Lagrange, Georg Cantor, William Rowan Hamilton, Carl Jacobi, Évariste Galois, Nikolay Lobachevsky, Rene Descartes, Joseph Fourier, Pierre-Simon Laplace, Alonzo Church, Nikolay Bogolyubov and Pierre de Fermat.

The Renaissance was first defined by French historian Jules Michelet ( 1798 – 1874 ), in his 1855 work, Histoire de France.

* Jules Guichard ( 17 December 1892 – 17 July 1896 ) ( acting for de Lesseps to 7 December 1894 )

* June 20 – Jules de Goncourt, French writer and publisher ( b. 1830 )

* December 17 – Jules de Goncourt, French writer ( d. 1870 )

* July 7 – Jules Perrot presents Pas de Quatre to an enthusiastic London audience.

* Edmond and Jules de Goncourt.

* L ' histoire de Manon ( 1974 ), a ballet with music by Jules Massenet

The army was nominally led by Napoleon III with Marshals Francois Achille Bazaine, Patrice de Mac-Mahon, and Jules Trochu among others.

A first Novel Les Révoltés de la Bounty ( The Mutineers of the Bounty ) was published by Jules Verne in 1879.

Sand conducted affairs of varying duration with Jules Sandeau ( 1831 ), Prosper Mérimée, Alfred de Musset ( summer 1833 – March 1835 ), Louis-Chrystosome Michel, Pierre-François Bocage, Félicien Mallefille, Louis Blanc, and Frédéric Chopin ( 1837 – 47 ).

A new water supply, a gigantic system of sewers, new bridges, the opera house, and other public buildings, the inclusion of outlying districts – these were among the new prefect's achievements, accomplished by the aid of a bold handling of the public funds which called forth Jules Ferry's indictment, Les Comptes fantastiques de Haussmann, in 1867 ( a play on words between contes, stories or tales – as in Les contes d ' Hoffmann or Tales of Hoffmann, and comptes, accounts.

There, he met fellow magicians, both amateur and professional, where he engaged in talk about conjuring, and he met an aristocrat by the name of Jules de Rovère, who coined the term " prestidigitation " to describe a major misdirection technique magicians used.

On Berlioz's return to Paris, a concert including Symphonie fantastique ( which had been extensively revised in Italy ) and Le retour à la vie was performed, with among others in attendance: Victor Hugo, Alexandre Dumas, Heinrich Heine, Niccolò Paganini, Franz Liszt, Frédéric Chopin, George Sand, Alfred de Vigny, Théophile Gautier, Jules Janin and Harriet Smithson.

He also busied himself judging entrants for the Prix de Rome – arguing successfully for the eventual winner, the 21 year old Jules Massenet.

About ten days later, another French naval officer, Jules Dumont d ' Urville, recognized its significance and arranged for a purchase by the French ambassador to Turkey, Charles-François de Riffardeau, marquis, later duc de Rivière.

While back in France, Charles had numerous affairs ; the one with his first cousin Marie Louise de La Tour d ' Auvergne, wife of Jules, Prince of Guéméné, resulted in a short-lived son Charles ( 1748 – 1749 ).

Built by Jules Hardouin-Mansart, 1675-1683 for the duc de Chevreuse, Colbert's son-in-law, is a French Baroque château of manageable size.

Their parliamentary leaders were < span lang =" fr "> François Régis de La Bourdonnaye </ span >, < span lang =" fr "> comte de La Bretèche </ span > and, in 1829, < span lang =" fr "> Jules de Polignac </ span >.

While the King retained the liberal charter, Charles patronised members of the ultra-royalists in parliament, such as Jules de Polignac, the writer François-René de Chateaubriand and Jean-Baptiste de Villèle and on several occasions, Charles voiced his disapproval of his brother's liberal ministries and threatened to leave the country unless Louis XVIII dismissed them.

* Jules de Goncourt ( 1830 – 1870 ), author / publisher

In honour of his brother and collaborator, Jules Alfred Huot de Goncourt ( 1830 – 1870 ), the académie has awarded the Prix Goncourt every December since 1903.

In honour of his brother and collaborator, Jules de Goncourt, ( December 17, 1830 – June 20, 1870 ), each December since 1903, the Académie awards the Prix Goncourt.

* Blog dedicated to Edmond and Jules de Goncourt

* Edmond de Goncourt & Jules de Goncourt-Madame Gervaisais

* Edmond de Goncourt & Jules de Goncourt-Renée Mauperin

The street was named after the writers Edmond de Goncourt ( 1822 – 1896 ) and his brother Jules ( 1830 – 1870 ).

Jules de Goncourt

* Works by & about Jules de Goncourt at Internet Archive ( scanned books original editions color illustrated )

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Jules Verne's Paris in the Twentieth Century ( 1863 ) includes suspended pneumatic tube trains that stretch across the oceans.

* Jules Hardouin-Mansart begins la place Vendôme in Paris ( completed in 1698 ).

When news hit Paris of Emperor Napoleon's III capture, the French Second Empire was overthrown in a bloodless and successful coup d ' état which was launched by General Trochu, Jules Favre, and Léon Gambetta at Paris on 4 September.

With Paris starving, and Gambetta's provincial armies reeling from one disaster after another, French foreign minister Jules Favre went to Versailles on 24 January to discuss peace terms with Bismarck.

The same year, Peugeot returned to racing with a team of three driver-engineers ( a breed typical of the pioneer period, exemplified by Enzo Ferrari among others ): Jules Goux ( graduate of Arts et Metiers, Paris ), Paolo Zuccarelli ( formerly of Hispano-Suiza ), and Georges Boillot ( collectively called Les Charlatans ), with 26-year-old Swiss engineer Ernest Henry to make their ideas reality.

Upon his return to Paris in February 1899, he worked beside Albert Marquet and met André Derain, Jean Puy, and Jules Flandrin.

René Jules Lalique ( 6 April 1860, Ay, Marne5 May 1945, Paris ) was a French glass designer known for his creations of perfume bottles, vases, jewellery, chandeliers, clocks and automobile hood ornaments.

Jules Maigret, ( titled Commissaire ) Maigret to most people, including his wife, is a fictional police detective, actually a commissaire or commissioner of the Paris " Brigade Criminelle " ( Direction Régionale de Police Judiciaire de Paris ), created by writer Georges Simenon.

Frank Ives for the French Statesman and author Jules Barthélemy-Saint-Hilaire, who was born in Paris, August 19, 1805, and died November 24, 1895.

His father was a grocer, and together the family moved to Paris in 1884 when Jules was eleven years old.

* Jules Gabriel Janin, Barnave ( Paris, 1860 )

Paul Victor Jules Signac was born in Paris on 11 November 1863.

In Western architecture, the most influential domes built after the early Renaissance exploit of Brunelleschi's Florentine dome have been those of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome and Jules Hardouin-Mansart's dome at Les Invalides in Paris.

At the age of 24 he won a scholarship to the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris, worked briefly in the atelier of Alexandre Falguière, and frequented the studio of Jules Dalou, who was his neighbor.

* Jules Émile Alaux, La Philosophie de M. Cousin ( Paris, 1864 )

In January 1871 he accompanied Jules Favre to Versailles to arrange the capitulation of the Paris Commune, and in the next month he became minister of the interior in Adolphe Thiers's cabinet.

After 1850, Huebner notes a continuing tradition of operas at Paris where ' principals appear with chorus at the end of an act and where private intrigue conjoins a well-articulated public dimension in the plot ' and cites amongst others Charles Gounod's La nonne sanglante ( 1854 ), Ambroise Thomas's Hamlet and operas by Jules Massenet, amongst them Le Roi de Lahore ( 1877 ) and Le Cid ( 1885 ).

He also edited the fragments of the speeches of Hypereides on behalf of Euxenippus and Lycophron ( already published by Churchill Babington from a papyrus discovered in Thebes, Egypt, in 1847 ) and a Latin poem on rhetorical figures by an unknown author ( Incerti auctoris de figuris vel schematibus versus heroici, 1841 ), found by Jules Quicherat in manuscript in the Paris library.

A supplementary volume appeared in 1814 ; the whole correspondence was collected and published by Jules Taschereau, with the assistance of A. Chaudé, in a Nouvelle Édition, revue et mise dans un meilleur ordre, avec des notes et des éclaircissements, et oil se trouvent rétablies pour la première fois les phrases supprimées par la censure impériale ( Paris, 1829, 15 vols.

* Henri Jules de Bourbon, Duke of Enghien, Prince of Condé ( 29 July 1643, Paris-1 April 1709, Paris ); married Anne Henriette of Bavaria and had issue ;

Born Jules Hardouin in Paris, he studied under his renowned great-uncle François Mansart, one of the originators of the classical tradition in French architecture ; Hardouin inherited Mansart's collection of plans and drawings and adopted his well-regarded name.

Beach immediately became a member of Monnier ’ s lending library, and when in Paris she regularly attended the readings by authors such as André Gide, Paul Valéry and Jules Romains.