In the Middle Ages, in the Renaissance, right up to the early nineteenth century, the painter was a giant in the world.

The Apollo Belvedere is a marble sculpture that was rediscovered in the late 15th century ; for centuries it epitomized the ideals of Classical Antiquity for Europeans, from the Renaissance through the 19th century.

Initially in a literary revival Renaissance was determined to move away from the religion-dominated Middle Ages and to turn its attention to the plight of the individual man in society.

It was a time when individual expression and worldly experience became two of the main themes of Renaissance art.

Leonardo da Vinci was the archetypal Renaissance man representing the humanistic values of the period in his art, science and writing.

But by the 1500s Mannerism had overtaken the Renaissance and it was this style that caught on in Europe.

In the early Renaissance his doctrine of the soul's mortality was adopted by Pietro Pomponazzi ( against the Thomists and the Averroists ), and by his successor Cesare Cremonini.

He was one of the most prominent figures of the early Renaissance and a knight of the Order of the Dragon.

From the Renaissance onward the chained nude figure of Andromeda typically was the centre of interest, and often she was shown alone, fearfully awaiting the monster.

Knowledge of Arabic texts started to become imported into Europe during the Latin translations of the 12th century, the effect of which was to help initiate the European Renaissance.

" The English Renaissance was, he said, " like the Italian Renaissance before it, a sort of rebirth of the spirit of man ".

André Malraux explains that the notion of beauty was connected to a particular conception of art that arose with the Renaissance and was still dominant in the eighteenth century ( but was supplanted later ).

The Timaeus remained known in a Latin rendition by Calcidius through the Middle Ages, and the allegorical aspect of Atlantis was taken up by Humanists in utopian works of several Renaissance writers, such as Francis Bacon's New Atlantis and Thomas More's Utopia.

Again a classic of Renaissance literature was the basis of the libretto by Boccherini, in this case a comic mock-epic by Tassoni, in which a war between Modena and Bologna ensues over a stolen bucket.

His prints established his reputation across Europe when he was still in his twenties, and he has been conventionally regarded as the greatest artist of the Northern Renaissance ever since.

A cappella was originally intended to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato style.

Albrecht Altdorfer ( c. 1480-February 12, 1538 ) was a German painter, engraver and architect of the Renaissance working in Regensburg.

Although innovated in the late medieval period, Thomism was dogmatized in the Renaissance.

* in Renaissance music, the bassline was sometimes called the basis

Interest in the history of these events was revived during the English Renaissance and led to a resurgence of Boudica's legendary fame during the Victorian era, when Queen Victoria was portrayed as her ' namesake '.

The works of Petrarch first displayed the new interest in the intellectual values of the Classical world in the early 14th century and the romance of this era as rediscovered in the Renaissance period can be seen expressed by Boccaccio.

While Renaissance artists sought nature to find their style, the Mannerists looked first for a style and found a manner. In Mannerist paintings, compositions can have no focal point, space can be ambiguous, figures can be characterized by an athletic bending and twisting with distortions, exaggerations, an elastic elongation of the limbs, bizarre posturing on one hand, graceful posturing on the other hand, and a rendering of the heads as uniformly small and oval.

Quintilian seems to refer to this work under Anaximenes ' name in Institutio Oratoria 3. 4. 9, as the Italian Renaissance philologist Piero Vettori first recognized.

One of the first great autobiographies of the Renaissance is that of the sculptor and goldsmith Benvenuto Cellini ( 1500 – 1571 ), written between 1556 and 1558, and entitled by him simply Vita ( Italian: Life ).

Giovanni Caboto ( John Cabot ) reportedly visited the island in 1497 to become the first Renaissance European explorer to visit present-day Canada.

Alston was active in the Harlem Renaissance ; Alston was the first African American supervisor for the Works Progress Administration's Federal Art Project.

Allmovie called him " the Renaissance man of modern American filmmaking ", while the success of his films have led to him being labelled " the first popular Surrealist.

* Vulgar Latin and Late Latin among the uneducated and educated populations respectively of the Roman empire and the states that followed it in the same range no later than 900 AD ; medieval Latin and Renaissance Latin among the educated populations of western, northern, central and part of eastern Europe until the rise of the national languages in that range, beginning with the first language academy in Italy in 1582 / 83 ; new Latin written only in scholarly and scientific contexts by a small minority of the educated population at scattered locations over all of Europe ; ecclesiastical Latin, in spoken and written contexts of liturgy and church administration only, over the range of the Roman Catholic Church.

A gnome is a diminutive spirit in Renaissance magic and alchemy, first introduced by Paracelsus and later adopted by more recent authors including those of modern fantasy literature.

The word comes from Renaissance Latin gnomus, which first appears in the works of 16th Century Swiss alchemist Paracelsus.

The great bulk of the standard repertoire for the harpsichord was written during its first historical flowering, the Renaissance and Baroque eras.

The work was the first architectural treatise of the Renaissance.

Maybe also that this hilltop dwelling, commissioned by Giovanni de ' Medici, Cosimo il Vecchio's second son, with its view over the city, is the very first example of a Renaissance villa: that is to say it follows the Albertian criteria for rendering a country dwelling a " villa suburbana ".

However, as a codified school, mercantilism's real birth is marked by the empiricism of the Renaissance, which first began to quantify large-scale trade accurately.

The first detailed descriptions of dancing only date from 1450 in Italy, which is after the start of the Renaissance.

Interest in pagan traditions was revived in the Renaissance, at first in Renaissance magic as a revival of Greco-Roman magic.

Vasari is also credited with first using the term " Renaissance " ( rinascita ), the period during which he was art historian, artist, and architect.

It was the most popular Plautine play in the Middle Ages, and publicly performed at the Renaissance ; it was the first Plautine play to be translated into English.

His accomplishments as Pope included the establishment of the Sistine Chapel ; the group of artists that he brought together introduced the Early Renaissance into Rome with the first masterpiece of the city's new artistic age, the Vatican Archives.

In addition, many composers observed a division in their own works between a prima pratica ( music in the Renaissance polyphonic style ) and a seconda pratica ( music in the new style ) during the first part of the 17th century.

His son Francesco I Sforza ruled Milan for the first half of the Renaissance era, acquiring the title of Duke of Milan from the extinct Visconti family in 1447.

This analytical view of machines as decomposable into simple machines first arose in the Renaissance as a neoclassical amplification of ancient Greek texts on technology, and is still a central part of engineering in today's age of applied science.

Their first album, Renaissance ( 1969 ) came out two months after In the Court of the Crimson King.