Junkers was a socialist and a pacifist.

Blitzkrieg as used by Germany had considerable psychological, or as some writers call, " terror " elements, such as the noise-making sirens on the Junkers Ju 87 dive-bombers to affect the morale of enemy forces.

The use of metal aircraft structures was pioneered before World War I by Breguet but would find its biggest proponent with Anthony Fokker who used chrome-molybdenum steel tubing for the fuselage structure of all his fighter designs, while the innovative German engineer Hugo Junkers developed two all-metal, single-seat fighter monoplane designs with cantilever wings: the strictly experimental Junkers J 2 private-venture aircraft, made with steel, and some forty examples of the Junkers D. I, made with corrugated duralumin, all based on his experience in creating the pioneering Junkers J 1 all-metal airframe technology demonstration aircraft of late 1915.

While Fokker would pursue steel tube fuselages with wooden wings until the late 1930s, and Junkers would focus on corrugated sheet metal, Dornier was the first to build a fighter ( The Dornier D. I ) made with pre-stressed sheet aluminium and having cantelevered wings, a form that would replace all others in the 1930s.

This led to a rush on the part of the RLM to produce the Junkers Ju 86, Heinkel He 111 and Dornier Do 17 before a proper evalutation was made.

All the characters and groups in the play had direct counterparts in real life, with Ui representing Hitler, his henchman Ernesto Roma representing Ernst Röhm, Dogsborough representing Paul von Hindenburg ( a pun on the German Hund and Burg ), Emanuele Giri representing Hermann Göring, Giuseppe Givola representing Joseph Goebbels, the Cauliflower Trust representing the Prussian Junkers, the fate of the town of Cicero standing for the Anschluss in Austria and so on.

The Soviet Union built on German World War II development by Junkers ( BMW and Hirth / Daimler-Benz also developed and partially tested designs ).

The area rule was discovered by Otto Frenzl when comparing a swept wing with a w-wing with extreme high wave drag while working on a transonic wind tunnel at Junkers works in Germany between 1943 and 1945.

* June 1 – British Overseas Airways Corporation Flight 777, a DC-3 with registration G-AGBB, ( formerly KLM PH-ALI, Ibis ), on a scheduled passenger flight, is shot down over the Bay of Biscay by German Junkers Ju 88s, all 17 persons aboard perish, including the actor Leslie Howard.

Later during the war, the German government forced Fokker and Junkers to cooperate more closely, which resulted in the foundation of the Junkers-Fokker Aktiengesellschaft on 20 October 1917.

In 1936, Major F. W. Immans was ordered to set up a parachute school at Stendal ( Borstel ), and was allocated a number of Junkers Ju 52 aircraft to train on.

In order to industrialize Prussia, working within the framework provided by the old aristocratic institutions, land reforms were enacted to break the monopoly of the Junkers on landownership, thereby also abolishing, among other things, the feudal practice of serfdom.

Three days after this submarine attack, four Luftwaffe Junkers Ju 88 bombers raided Scapa Flow in one of the first bombing attacks on Britain during the war.

Flight operations were launched on 23 September using Junkers F. 13 aircraft, the first of which had been a present from the German community in Bolivia.

* On 16 November 1937, a Junkers Ju 52 ( registered OO-AUB ) crashed near Ostend, Belgium, while landing, killing all 12 people on board.

The Central Design Office or TsKB () based there produced bombers and some airliners, which in the years before World War II were based partially, especially in his 1930s-era designs, and on the all-metal aircraft design concepts pioneered by Hugo Junkers.

Aeroplanes evolved from low-powered biplanes made from wood and fabric to sleek, high-powered monoplanes made of aluminum, based primarily on the founding work of Hugo Junkers during the World War I period.

She was a test pilot on the Junkers Ju 87 Stuka and Dornier Do 17 projects.

* Luftwaffe air raids on Britain began on 16 October 1939 when Junkers Ju 88s attacked British warships at Rosyth on the Firth of Forth.

From June 1943 on, an official conversion kit was produced for the Junkers Ju 88 and Dornier Do 217N fighters.

A good number of poor Junkers took up careers as soldiers ( Fahnenjunker ), mercenaries and officials ( Hofjunker, Kammerjunker ) at the court of territorial princes.

* Under the terms of the secret Treaty of Rapallo with Bolshevik Russia and in a violation of the Treaty of Versailles, the German Junkers company secretly establishes an aircraft factory at Fili in the Soviet Union.

One factor in the social anatomy of these governments had been the retention of a very substantial share in political power by the landed elite, the Junkers, resulting from the absence of a revolutionary breakthrough by the peasants in combination with urban areas.

Junkers began experimenting with thicker airfoils, which had previously been ignored as being unlikely to be efficient.

The world's first all-metal aircraft was the Junkers F. 13, also from 1919 with 322 built.

Nevertheless, only the ties that Messerschmitt had formed with leading Nazis Rudolf Hess and Hermann Göring ( through Theo Croneiss ) saved him from sharing the fate of Milch's other great enemy, Hugo Junkers.

Hugo Junkers himself was forced to transfer all his patents to the Nazis, who doubted that Junkers would comply with their plans.

However, despite his implementation of the blood and soil ideology of the Nazis, decentralized factories, generals and Junkers successfully opposed him.

On June 8, 1924 while traveling in the Junkers F. 13 " Tolima " together with other executives of the company, he died as a result of one of the first plane crashes in the country.

She died with her husband and two sons in the crash of Sabena Airlines Junkers JU52 ( OO-AUB ) at Ostend.

In 1935, this led to the Dornier Do 19 and Junkers Ju 89 prototypes, although both were underpowered.

* February 3 – Hugo Junkers, German industrialist and aircraft designer ( d. 1935 )

* 1859, 3 February in Rheydt, Hugo Junkers, † 3 February 1935 in Gauting, engineer and entrepreneur, designer of airplanes

* Junkers Ju 87, Stuka, dive-bomber, 1935.

Hugo Junkers ( 3 February 1859 – 3 February 1935 ) was a German engineer who designed the Junkers J 1 in 1915.

* 1935 Dies under house arrest during negotiations to cede remaining stock and interests in Junkers.

* 1935 Therese Junkers cedes control of interests to Third Reich at a fraction of their true worth.

* Hugo Junkers ( 1859 – 1935 ), Engineer

Other items of interest range from a gilded bronze medallion of the Montgolfier brothers, created in 1783 by Jean-Antoine Houdon ( 1741 – 1828 ), the Glider Massia-Biot ( 1879 ), an 1884 electric motor by Arthur Constantin Krebs ( 1850 – 1935 ), the rear gondola of the 1915 Zeppelin LZ 113, equipped with 3 Maybach engines, type HS, a 1916 SPAD VII aircraft by Blériot-SPAD, a 1917 Airco DH. 9 aircraft by Geoffrey de Havilland ( 1882 – 1965 ), and a 1918 Junkers D. I aircraft by Hugo Junkers ( 1859 – 1935 ), to the 1961 Dassault Mirage IIIC by Marcel Dassault ( 1892 – 1986 ), an SSBS S3 surface-to-surface ballistic missile commissioned in 1981, and a 2002 Dassault-Breguet Super Étendard model.

The " Junkers Ju 87 | Stuka " dive-bomber was used extensively in Blitzkrieg operations

This design was used in the Junkers Jumo 205 diesel aircraft engine, using two crankshafts at either end of a single bank of cylinders, and most remarkably in the Napier Deltic diesel engines.

Already in autumn 1940 Stalin received a warning of the Dutch communist party, via the network of the Red Orchestra ( espionage ), that Hitler was preparing for a winter war by letting construct thousands of snow landing gears for the Junkers Ju 52 transport planes.

* 1943 – British Overseas Airways Corporation Flight 777 is shot down over the Bay of Biscay by German Junkers Ju 88s, killing actor Leslie Howard and leading to speculation the downing was an attempt to kill British Prime Minister Winston Churchill.

Despite the participation of these aircraft ( mainly from 1938 onward ), it was the venerable Junkers Ju 52 ( which soon became the backbone of the Transportgruppen ) that made the main contribution.

In 1936 the Junkers Ju 52 was the backbone of the German bomber fleet.

One that was too exotic to be typical was the construction of an intercooler for the supercharger of the famous Junkers Jumo aircraft engine.

A network of concentration camps and forced labour camps was established around Breslau, to serve industrial concerns, including FAMO, Junkers and Krupp.

** WWII: A Luftwaffe Junkers 88 bomber sinks the British ship RMS Lancastria, which was evacuating troops from near Saint-Nazaire, France, killing some 5, 800 men.

On the night of December 2, 1943, German Junkers Ju 88 bombers attacked the port of Bari, which was a key supply centre for Allied forces fighting their way up the Italian Peninsula.

The first all metal aircraft was a monoplane, the German Junkers J 1 which first flew in December 1915.

As all-metal construction and the cantilever wing ( both having been pioneered by Hugo Junkers in 1915 ) became common during the post-WWI period the day of the biplane passed, and by the 1930s the monoplane was fast becoming the usual configuration for a fixed-wing aircraft.

The aircraft, " G-AGBB " a Douglas DC-3, was shot down by Luftwaffe Junkers Ju 88C6 maritime fighter aircraft over the Bay of Biscay.

By the time of the Napoleonic Wars, Prussia was a socially and institutionally backward state, grounded in the virtues of its established military aristocracy ( the Junkers ), stratified by rigid hierarchical lines.