Rushabhanatha is revered as the Kalinga Jina.

An unusual example is that of Emperor Ashoka who became a pacifist after the bloody Kalinga war.

Its capital is Ilagan City and borders, clockwise from the south, Aurora, Quirino, Nueva Vizcaya, Ifugao, Mountain Province, Kalinga, and Cagayan.

Mountain Province is bounded in the east by Isabela, in the north by the provinces of Kalinga, Apayao, and Abra, in the south of Benguet and Ifugao, and in the west by the province of Ilocos Sur.

The term “ Isneg ” derives from a combination of “ is ” meaning “ recede ” and “ uneg ” meaning “ interior .” Thus, it means “ people who have gone into the interior .” In Spanish missionary accounts, they, together with the Kalinga and other ethnic groups between the northern end of the Cagayan Valley and the northeastern part of the Ilocos, were referred to as “ los Apayaos ,” an allusion to the river whose banks and nearby rugged terrain were inhabited by the people.

Kalinga () is a landlocked province of the Philippines in the Cordillera Administrative Region in Luzon.

Kalinga is subdivided into 1 city and 7 municipalities.

The Cordillera Administrative Region ( CAR ) is a region in the Philippines composed of the provinces of Abra, Apayao, Benguet, Ifugao, Kalinga and Mountain Province, as well as Baguio City, the regional center.

An alternative listing for the Northern Philippine tribes is: Apayao / Isnag, Abra / Tinguian, Kalinga, Gaddang, Applai, Mountain Province / Bontoc, Bontok, Bago, I-lagod, Kankana-ey, Kankanai, Balangao, Ibaloi, Ifugao, Ikalahan, Kalanguya, Karao, and Ilongot.

File: UpperUma2541. jpg | Only access from roadside ( mid centre ) to Upper Uma Elementary School Kalinga ( behind ) is via this one hour mud climb.

It is dated AD 1520 and mentions the capture of Kondavidu by Timmarasu, general of Krishna Deva Raya, in 1515 from the Gajapati rulers of Kalinga ( ancient Orissa ).

In college, social development is fostered by programs of the Office of Social Concern and Involvement, including house-builds with Gawad Kalinga, and the Ateneo Labor Trials Program tied into junior Philosophy classes.

The centerpiece social program of the university is its university-wide social action program, its partnership with Gawad Kalinga, which, to date, has helped build communities and schools in Payatas, Quezon City, in many Nueva Ecija municipalities, and three villages in Bicol.

Some of the names in the regions in which it is consumed are: Vetrilai ( Tamil வ ெ ற ் ற ி ல ை ( vettrilai-வ ெ ற ் ற ( vettr, " variety ") + இல ை ( ilai, “ leaf ”)), Tamalapaku ( Telugu ), Vidyache pan or " Naginiche paan "( Marathi ), veeleyada yele ( Kannada ), Vettila ( Malayalam ), Plū ( Mon ), Malus ( Tetum ), Maluu ( Khmer ), Plū (), Bulath ( Sinhalese ), Malu ( Tokodede ), Bileiy ( Divehi ), bulung samat ( Kapampangan ), daun sirih ( Malaysian ), daun sirih / suruh ( Indonesian ), Papulu ( Chamorro ), Ikmo ( Philippines ), Pu ( ພ ູ) in Lao, and Trầu ( Vietnamese ), Gaweud / Gawed in ( Kalinga ).

The Oriya script is developed from the Kalinga script, one of the many descendants of the Brahmi script of ancient India.

The design which flourished in eastern Indian state of Orissa and Northern Andhra Pradesh are called Kalinga style of architecture. The style consists of three distinct type of temples namely Rekha Deula, Pidha Deula and Khakhara Deula. The former two are associated with Vishnu, Surya and Shiva temple while the third is mainly with Chamunda and Durga temples. The Rekha deula and Khakhara deula houses the sanctum sanctorum while the Pidha Deula constitutes outer dancing and offering halls.

Ashoka's response to the Kalinga War is recorded in the Edicts of Ashoka.

The first English translation of the Gita Govinda was published by Sir William Jones in 1792, where Kalinga ( ancient Orissa ) is referred to as the origin of the text.

The first English translation of the Gita Govinda was published by Sir William Jones in 1792, where Kalinga ( ancient Orissa ) is referred to as the origin of the text.

Kalinga is mentioned in the Adiparva, Bhismaparva, Sabhaparva, Banaprava of Mahabharata.

Kalinga King Srutayu is stated to have fought the Mahabharat war for the Kauravas.

A terrible war is fought in Kalinga.

Kalinga is a residential district within Wooloowin.

Ashoka's invasion and his Buddhist policy also subjugated Jains greatly in Kalinga.

There also were incursions by the kingdoms of Kalinga ( modern Orissa ) and from the Malay Peninsula as well.

It included not only the territories of the above mention provinces, but also the eastern parts of the Cordillera provinces of Apayao, Kalinga, Ifugao and Benguet.

They also went on to form more intimate matrimonial alliances with stronger South Indian kingdoms, until these matrimonial links superseded the local royal lineage and gave rise to the Kalinga invasion by King Kalinga Magha in 1214 and the eventual passing of power into the hands of a Pandyan King following the Arya Chakrawarthi invasion of Sri Lanka in 1284.

GK-Ateneo has also driven Kalinga Luzon, the massive rehabilitation effort for victims of the late 2004 Luzon typhoons, GK Youth-Ateneo, arguably the largest and most active student social program of the Ateneo, Kalinga Leyte, an ongoing program which aims to provide long-term rehabilitation for the victims of the Southern Leyte landslide, and ongoing reconstruction efforts for typhoon-stricken Bicol.

The Mahameghavahana dynasty of Kalinga in central-eastern India also broke away from imperial rule after the death of Ashoka.

Kalingas are also known as Limos or Limos-Liwan Kalinga.

Around 1129 – 30 Kulothunga-I's able successor Vikrama Chola would also re-conquer Kalinga along with Vengi, eastern and southern parts of Gangavadi from the Hoysalas and re-establish links with Kadaram, Kataha, Srivijaya etc.

There are jeeps with routes to Iguig, Tuao, Enrile, and some mountainous barrios in Cagayan. There are also jeeps that has routes to Tabuk and Rizal in Kalinga.

He also was in conflict with the Kalinga ruler Kharavela, who mentions him in the Hathigumpha inscription.

The late Juan Puyao was not only recognized as a prominent leader in his own Balbalan corner but also in the whole Kalinga as well as the whole undivided Mountain Province.

( In ancient and medieval times, Orissa was also called Kalinga or Utkal – from Uttam Kala which means ‘ Excellent Art ’ that reflects the artistic tradition of sculpture of that region ).

He also established the Kalinga Cup in football.

It is also speculated that Somesvara I ' may ' have captured Kanchi and Kalinga.

While Somesvara-I did destabilise Vengi by temporarily displacing Rajaraja Narendra, this act also initially disturbed Chola connections with Kalinga.

We can say that this is a kind of reverse transliteration. After the fall of Gajapati empire of Orissa during the period of Akbar the empire of Orissa was divided into five Sarkars and Chicacole Sarkar was one of the Sarkars ', also known as Kalinga Dandapat. The Nizam of Hyderabad occupied the area between Rajahmundry to Srikakulam in 16th century. During Muslim rule, Srikakulam was called as Gulshanabad ( Garden city ).

There is also evidence, throughout history of Tamil kings from South India and Kalinga Hindus becoming Buddhists and ruling over both Hindus and Buddhists.

In this connection two kings are mentioned, Kalinga Magha and Jaya Bahu, who had been in power forty years, apparently reckoned from the time of the military rule after Sahasa Malla.

In some of the insctiptions found in Balangir and Sonepur district, it has been mentioned that this part of the land was known as Attavika during Ashoka ’ s invasion of Kalinga in 261 B. C.

From 400 onwards, military campaigns in the form of invasions, by rulers from South India and Orissa ( then known as Kalinga Desa ) and counter-attacks by the Singhalese Buddhists rulers in Sri Lanka, heralded a period of great turmoil wherein the Hindu Tamils from the affore mentioned areas in India and the Buddhist Singhalese would struggle for territorial control.