Notable creators of happenings included Allan Kaprow — who first used the term in 1958, Claes Oldenburg, Jim Dine, Red Grooms, and Robert Whitman.

At school, he developed a reputation as something of a prankster, although his actions were closer to the spirit of performance art happenings promoted by one of his professors, Allan Kaprow, than to fraternity hijinks.

Interestingly, Kaprow claimed that " some of us will become famous, and we will have proven once again that the only success occurred when there was a lack of it ".

Prototypic for the artform later explicitly labeled " performance art ", were works of artists like Yoko Ono with her Wall piece for orchestra ( 1962 ); Carolee Schneemann with pieces like Meat Joy ( 1964 ); Wolf Vostell with his Happening YOU ( 1964 in New York ); Joseph Beuys with How to Explain Pictures to a Dead Hare ( 1965 ); Yayoi Kusama, with actions such as a naked flag-burning on the Brooklyn Bridge ( 1968 ) and Allan Kaprow in his many Happenings.

In 1960, whilst attending composition classes of the electronic composer Richard Maxfield at the New School for Social Research in New York, Maciunas met many of the future participants of Fluxus, including La Monte Young, Al Hansen, Allan Kaprow, & Jackson Mac Low.

Eventually Kaprow shifted his practice into what he called " Activities ", intimately scaled pieces for one or several players, devoted to the study of normal human activity in a way congruent to ordinary life.

The meetings also led to both Brecht and Kaprow attending John Cage's class at The New School for Social Research, New York, often driving down together from New Brunswick.

As Kaprow explains in the aforementioned essay, since the performances are always different, each one of these artists cannot lose their creative drive to a mainstream force.

Watts ' colleague Allan Kaprow would also regularly attend these informal meetings.

This may leave space and time as its only dimensional constants, implying dissolution of the line between " art " and " life "; Kaprow noted that “ if we bypass ‘ art ’ and take nature itself as a model or point of departure, we may be able to devise a different kind of art ... out of the sensory stuff of ordinary life ” ( Kaprow 12 ).

Allan Kaprow first coined the term " happening " in the spring of 1957 at an art picnic at George Segal's farm to describe the art pieces that were going on.

Early non-Western installation art includes events staged by the Gutai group in Japan starting in 1954, which influenced American installation pioneers like Allan Kaprow.

Allan Kaprow used the term “ Environment ” in 1958 ( Kaprow 6 ) to describe his transformed indoor spaces ; this later joined such terms as “ project art ” and “ temporary art .”

Schneemann and Jonas along with Yoko Ono, Joseph Beuys, Nam June Paik, Wolf Vostell, Allan Kaprow, Vito Acconci, and Chris Burden pioneered the relationship between Body art and performance art.

Subsequently, Blau was instrumental in hiring a number of professionals like Mel Powell ( dean of the School of Music ), Paul Brach ( dean of the School of Art ), Alexander Mackendrick ( dean of the School of Film / Video ), sociologist Maurice Stein ( dean of Critical Studies ), and Richard Farson ( dean of the School of Design ; now incorporated in the Art school ) as well other influential program heads and teachers such as Allan Kaprow, Bella Lewitzky, Michael Asher, Jules Engel, John Baldessari, Judy Chicago, James Hurtak, Ravi Shankar, Max Kozloff, Miriam Shapiro and Douglas Huebler, most of whom largely came from a counterculture and avant-garde side of the art world.

Pioneered with artists Claes Oldenburg and Allan Kaprow, in conjunction with musician John Cage, the " Happenings " were chaotic performance art that was a stark contrast with the more somber mood of the expressionists popular in the New York art world.

Ansätze zu einer Kunstgeschichte als Mediengeschichte article in German by Thomas Dreher on the competing theories on art by Allan Kaprow and Robert Morris

As well as Maciunas ' concerts at the AG Gallery, March 1961 featuring music and events by Maciunas himself, Ichiyanagi, Mac Low and Higgins, the two other most important precursors to fluxus were La Monte Young's influential series of performances in the Chambers Street loft of Yoko Ono and Ichiyanagi Toshi, in 1961 involving Henry Flynt, La Monte Young, Joseph Byrd & Robert Morris amongst others ; and Robert Watts and George Brecht's Yam Festival, spring 1963 at Rutgers University and New York, which included a series of mail art event scores and performances by John Cage, Allan Kaprow, Alison Knowles, Ay O and Dick Higgins.

Allan Kaprow ( August 23, 1927 – April 5, 2006 ) was an American painter, assemblagist and a pioneer in establishing the concepts of performance art.

In the sixties, Greenberg's and Fried's modernist doctrine dominated the American discussions on art ; meanwhile, the artists Allan Kaprow, Dick Higgins, Henry Flynt, Mel Bochner, Robert Smithson and Joseph Kosuth wrote articles on art exemplifying a pluralistic anti-and post-modernist tendency which gained more influence at the end of the sixties.

In 1960, he started teaching at Rutgers University where he was heavily influenced by Allan Kaprow, who was also a teacher at the university.

The most commonly cited include the series of Chamber's Street loft concerts, New York, curated by Yoko Ono and La Monte Young in 1961 featuring pieces by Jackson Mac Low and Henry Flynt, the month-long Yam festival held in upstate New York by George Brecht and Robert Watts in May, 1963 with Ray Johnson and Allan Kaprow that was the culmination of a year's worth of Mail Art pieces, and a series of concerts held in Mary Bauermeister's studio, Cologne, 1960-61 featuring Nam June Paik and John Cage amongst many others.

Writer Douglas Kahn, in his work Noise, Water, Meat: A History of Sound in the Arts ( 1999 ), discusses the use of noise as a medium and explores the ideas of Antonin Artaud, George Brecht, William Burroughs, Sergei Eisenstein, Fluxus, Allan Kaprow, Michael McClure, Yoko Ono, Jackson Pollock, Luigi Russolo, and Dziga Vertov.

One definition comes from Wardrip-Fruin and Montfort in The New Media Reader, " The term " Happening " has been used to describe many performances and events, organized by Allan Kaprow and others during the 1950s and 1960s, including a number of theatrical productions that were traditionally scripted and invited only limited audience interaction.

Kaprow ’ s piece 18 Happenings in 6 Parts ( 1959 ) is commonly cited as the first happening, although that distinction is sometimes given to a 1952 performance of Theater Piece No. 1 at Black Mountain College by John Cage, one of Kaprow's teachers in the mid-1950s.

Both Kaprow and Boal are reinventing theater to try to make plays more interactive and to abolish the traditional narrative form to make theater something more free-form and organic.

Kaprow had coined the term Happening describing a new artform, at the beginning of the 1960s.

Notably in the Happenings of Allan Kaprow, the audience members become performers.

Allan Kaprow, Joseph Beuys, Nam June Paik, Wolf Vostell, Claes Oldenburg, Jim Dine, Red Grooms, and Robert Whitman among others were notable creators of Happenings.

From 1961 on, Johnson periodically staged events he called " Nothings ", described to his friend William Wilson as “ an attitude as opposed to a happening ”, which would parallel the “ Happenings ” of Allan Kaprow and later Fluxus events.

In addition, the program developed a substantial visiting artist tradition, bringing artists such as Dick Higgins, Vito Acconci, Allan Kaprow, Karen Finley, Robert Wilson and others to work directly with Intermedia students.

* Allan Kaprow versus Robert Morris.

Hence, from the Bayesian-Carnapian point of view, the observation of a non-raven does not tell us anything about the color of ravens, but it tells us about the prevalence of ravens, and supports " All ravens are black " by reducing our estimate of the number of ravens which might not be black.

Jordanes supports this hypothesis by telling us on the one hand that he was familiar with the Geography of Ptolemy, which includes the entire Balto-Slavic territory in Sarmatia, and on the other that this same region was Scythia.

His son, Republican Senator Rand Paul, calls himself " totally pro-life " and supports " any and all legislation that would end abortion or lead us in the direction of ending abortion.

In a sense it supports the existentialist view that we construct our past and present in a constant process of narrative / discursive adjustment, and that much of what we " remember " is actually confabulated ( adjusted and rationalized ) narrative that allows us to think of our past as a continuous and coherent string of events, even though it is probable that large sections of our memory ( both episodic and semantic ) are irretrievable to our conscious memory at any given time.

Instead, he would prefer us to consider OCB as “ performance that supports the social and psychological environment in which task performance takes place ” ( Organ, 1997, p. 95 ).

His opinion was that Austria should attack Serbia that December, and if " Russia supports the Serbs, which she evidently does … then war would be unavoidable for us, too ," and that would be better than going to war after Russia completed the massive modernization and expansion of their army that they had just begun.

Though making points of a decidedly dualistic nature, Ptolemy supports his readings from " sayings " texts or logia: " We shall draw the proofs of what we say from the words of the Savior, which alone can lead us without error to the comprehension of reality.

As an illustration of the potential application of selective disclosure, let us suppose a certain Diana wished to book a hire car without disclosing irrelevant personal information ( utilising a notional digital identity network that supports compound trust relationships ).

This supports the numerous ancient authors that tell us the forum was used as a court of law.