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" Kemalist ideology defines the " Turkish Nation " as a nation of Turkish People who always love and seek to exalt their family, country and nation, who know their duties and responsibilities towards the democratic, secular and social state governed by the rule of law, founded on human rights, and on the tenets laid down in the preamble to the constitution of the Republic of Turkey.
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Kemalist and ideology
* Kemalist ideology
Relations have been strained since the turn of the 20th to 21st century as a result of the political decline in Turkey of forces based on the secular Kemalist ideology and the corresponding rise of the Justice and Development Party ( AK party ) of prime minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan.
* Kemalist ideology
Beneath the Turkish one is written in white, Ne Mutlu Türküm Diyene, an oft-repeated phrase of the Kemalist ideology meaning: Glad to be Turks.
# REDIRECT Kemalist ideology
Indeed, secularism or Jisism ( laiklik ) became one of the " Kemalist ideology " of Atatürk's program for remaking Turkey.
# REDIRECT Kemalist ideology
# REDIRECT Kemalist ideology
Kemalist ideology, " Kemalism " (), or also known as the " Six Arrows " (), is the principle that defines the basic characteristics of the Republic of Turkey.
Republicanism () Kemalist ideology replaced the absolutism of the monarchy ( Ottoman Dynasty ) with the rule of law, popular sovereignty and the civic virtue with an emphasis on liberty practiced by citizens.
Kemalist ideology was, in fact, based on the supreme value of Turkish citizenship.
The laicism () of Kemalist ideology aims to banish religious interference in government affairs, and vice versa ; solidified in public education and government-subsidized cultural and legal affairs.
The first one views this change as a breach of Kemalist secularist ideology, and demands a return to the previous policy.
Kemalist ideology defines the " Turkish People " as " those who protect and promote the moral, spiritual, cultural and humanistic values of the Turkish Nation.
They were implemented under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in accordance with Kemalist ideology.
Kemalist ideology targeted political Islam, but it posed a threat to the independence of the state and its ability to govern with equal concern for all.
Kemalist ideology waged a war against superstition by banning the practices of the ulema and promoting the civilized way (" westernization "), with establishing lawyers, teachers, doctors.
The theorists advocated absolute state control of the economy ( devletçilik, a key element of Kemalist ideology ), believing that Turkey could overcome the problem of class conflict if the state never developed a bourgeoisie class.
Kemalist and defines
Kemalist republicanism defines a constitutional republic, where representatives of the people are elected and must govern according to existing constitutional law that limits the government's power over citizens.
Kemalist and Turkish
* Laura M. Adkisson Great Britain and the Kemalist Movement for Turkish Independence, 1919-1923, Michigan 1958
According to the Kemalist perception, the Turkish state is to stand at an equal distance from every religion, neither promoting nor condemning any set of religious beliefs.
Nationalism (): The Kemalist revolution aimed to create a nation state () from the Turkish remnants of the Ottoman Empire.
Jäckel's critics accused him of disregarding the fact that Turkish troops were crossing the border and exterminating Armenians outside the Ottoman Empire in 1918 ( young-Turkish campaign in Caucasus killing 40, 000 Armenians ) and in 1920 ( Kemalist troops killing 60, 000 civilians ).
Kemalist and who
Such efforts were opposed by most of the state elite, who believed that secularism was an essential principle of Kemalist Ideology.
Kemalist and their
The Kemalist form of separation of state and religion pursued the replacement of a complete set of institutions, interest groups ( such as political parties, unions, lobby groups ), the relationships between those institutions and the political norms and rules that govern their functions ( constitution, election law ).
In fact, the Kemalist state's support for Islam was demonstrated by the establishment of Directorate for Religious Affairs (), created " to execute the works concerning the beliefs, worship, and ethics of Islam, enlighten the public about their religion, and administer the sacred worshipping places ".
Rather than fighting directly for their basic rights and equality, they saw their best chance in the promotion and maintenance of Kemalist reform, with its espousal of secular values and equality for all, including women.
Kemalist and social
The Kemalist reforms brought effective social change on education, by establishing a public education system, and women's suffrage.
Kemalist and state
Among many forms of " republican systems ," the " Kemalist republic " is a representative democracy with a Parliament elected in general elections, a President as head of state elected by Parliament and serving for a limited term, a Prime Minister appointed by the President, and other Ministers appointed by Parliament.
The Kemalist republican state ( unitary state ) is a state whose three organs of state are governed constitutionally as one single unit, with one constitutionally created legislature.
Kemalist laicism does not imply or advocate agnosticism or nihilism ; it means freedom of thought and independence of the institutions of the state from the dominance of religious thought and religious institutions.
Kemalist and by
Like Armenians and Assyrians, the Greeks were subjected to various forms of persecution including massacres, expulsions, and death marches by Young Turk and Kemalist authorities.
After the occupation of the Democratic Republic of Georgia by Kemalist Turkey and Bolshevik Russia ( since 1922 ), the territory has been divided between Turkey and the Soviet Union.
Kemalist view of change, like that of Peter I of Russia or Sultan Mahmud II, was achieved through introduction of the progressive customs by decrees, while banning the traditional customs.
Kemalist and on
Although he was willing to compromise with the Turks, as he showed in the London talks in early 1921, in order to step up pressure on the Kemalist Turks, he agreed to the launch of the Greek offensive of March 1921.
Kemalist and Republic
: Chapter VIII The Kemalist Republic
Kemalist and Turkey
With the outbreak of World War I and the Entente's intervention in Macedonia, the conflict between king and first minister steadily deteriorated, leading eventually to the National Schism, that greatly contributed to the loss of the next war against Kemalist Turkey in Asia Minor, and dominated Greek politics for over a half of a century.
The Republican People's Party (, CHP ) is a Kemalist and social-democratic political party in Turkey.
The civil code of Turkey is a slightly modified version of the Swiss code, adopted in 1926 during the Kemalist government's period of secularization.
Kadro was extremely important as it tried to provide Kemalist Turkey with a solid theoretical underpinning.
Kemalist and .
Nationalist sentiments emerged inside the traditional empires including: Pan-Slavism in Russia ; Ottomanism, Kemalist Ideology and Arab nationalism in the Ottoman Empire ; State Shintoism and Japanese identity in Japan ; and Han identity in juxtaposition to the Manchurian ruling class in China.
The party's logo consists of the Six Arrows, which represent the foundational principles of Kemalist Ideology: republicanism, nationalism, statism, populism, laïcité, and revolutionism.
The new initiatives introduced were surprising inside and outside the party, including military leaders, which the party itself is a major defender of Kemalist principles.
The battle of Kutahia ended in a rout of the Kemalist forces with a great haul of booty and prisoners for the Greeks, the fall of Eskishehr, and the general retreat of the Turks.
Alevism is also a group identity which is variously interpreted as cultural ( emphasizing special traditions of poetry, music and dance ), humanistic and / or political-whether leftist or Kemalist.
* 1930: The party attracted huge number of dissident people of the Kemalist bureaucracy's harsh policies.
The Kemalist President does not have direct executive powers, but has limited veto powers, and the right to contest with referendum.
The Kemalist reforms brought about a revolutionary change in the status of women.
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