Later that year, diplomat George Kennan wrote an article in Foreign Affairs magazine that became known as the " X Article ", which first articulated the policy of containment, arguing that the further spread of Communism to countries outside a " buffer zone " around the USSR, even if it happened via democratic elections, was unacceptable and a threat to U. S. national security.

Vietnam War-era activists, such as Seymour Melman, referred frequently to the concept, and use continued throughout the Cold War: George F. Kennan wrote in his preface to Norman Cousins's 1987 book The Pathology of Power, " Were the Soviet Union to sink tomorrow under the waters of the ocean, the American military-industrial complex would have to remain, substantially unchanged, until some other adversary could be invented.

During John F. Kennedy's 1960 presidential election campaign Kennan wrote to the future president to offer some suggestions on how his administration should improve the country's standing in the world, in light of Soviet and Chinese efforts to break down the Americans and their Western alliances.

During his career there, Kennan wrote seventeen books and scores of articles on international relations.

In reply, Kennan wrote the Long Telegram outlining his opinions and views of the Soviets ; it arrived in Washington on February 22, 1946.

The journalist Nicholas Thompson, who wrote a biography of Nitze and George F. Kennan, is his grandson.

If Mr. Kennan is sometimes a little somber in his appraisals, if his analysis of how Western diplomacy met the challenge of an era of great wars and social revolutions is often critical and pessimistic -- well, the record itself is not too encouraging.

Mr. Kennan, who has recently abandoned authorship for a new round of diplomacy as the recently appointed American ambassador to Yugoslavia, is not the only man who finds it easier to portray the past than to prescribe for the future.

In February 1946, Kennan, an American diplomat in Moscow, sent his famed " Long Telegram ", which predicted the Soviets would only respond to force and that the best way to handle them would be through a long-term strategy of containment, that is stopping their geographical expansion.

He is best known for writing the Brennen Siding Trilogy, three connected novels set in the fictional community of Brennen Siding, New Brunswick ( loosely based on Kennan Siding, New Brunswick ).

Kennan is a village in Price County, Wisconsin, United States.

The village is located within the Town of Kennan.

Kennan is located at ( 45. 53067 ,-90. 588056 ).

Kennan is a town in Price County, Wisconsin, United States.

The Village of Kennan is located within the town.

Location of Kennan ( town ), WisconsinAccording to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 70. 0 square miles ( 181. 2 km² ), of which, 69. 9 square miles ( 181. 1 km² ) of it is land and 0. 1 square miles ( 0. 1 km² ) of it ( 0. 07 %) is water.

He is also the official biographer of the seminal 20th century statesman George F. Kennan, for which he won the Pulitzer Prize for Biography in 2012.

According to Kennan, whose concept of American diplomacy was based on the realist approach, such moralism without regard to the realities of power and the national interest is self-defeating and will lead to the erosion of American power.

In Section Five, Kennan exposited Soviet weaknesses and proposed U. S. strategy, stating that despite the great challenge, “ my conviction that problem is within our power to solve — and that without recourse to any general military conflict .” He argued that the Soviet Union would be sensitive to force, that the Soviets were weak, compared to the united Western world, that the Soviets were vulnerable to internal instability, and that Soviet propaganda was primarily negative and destructive.

In contrast to general opinion, George F. Kennan, who is taken to be the founder of this ideology in the famous Long Telegram, asserted that his ideas had been misinterpreted and that he never advocated military intervention, merely economic support.

David Adeang's father is Kennan Adeang, who served three times as President of Nauru.

The Kennan Institute ( KI ), founded in 1974 as a division of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, is committed to improving American understanding of Russia and the successor states to the Soviet Union.

Russia Leaves the War ( 1956 ) is a Pulitzer Prize-winning book by George F. Kennan.

Kennan believed that a federation needed to be established in western Europe to counter Soviet influence and power in the region and to compete against the Soviet stronghold in eastern Europe.

Soviet behavior on the international stage depended chiefly on the internal necessities of Joseph Stalin's regime ; according to Kennan, Stalin needed a hostile world in order to legitimize his autocratic rule.

In his memoirs, Kennan recalled, " So far as I could see, we were expecting to be able to gain our objectives ... without making any concessions though, only ' if we were really all-powerful, and could hope to get away with it.

According to Kennan, when American policymakers suddenly confronted the Cold War, they had inherited little more than rationale and rhetoric " utopian in expectations, legalistic in concept, moralistic in demand it seemed to place on others, and self-righteous in the degree of high-mindedness and rectitude ... to ourselves.

Cutler and NSC Executive Secretary James Lay testified in support of the effectiveness of the system, but their testimony was offset by that of former Truman administration officials such as George Kennan, Paul Nitze, and Robert Lovett.

The study group included such luminaries as Dwight Eisenhower, Allen Dulles, Richard M. Bissell, Jr. and George Kennan.

American policymakers such as George Kennan and John Foster Dulles acknowledged that the Cold War was essentially a war of ideas.

The magazine's pool of writers were associated with the muckraker movement, such as Ray Stannard Baker, Burton J. Hendrick, George Kennan ( explorer ), John Moody ( financial analyst ), Henry Reuterdahl, George Kibbe Turner, and Judson C. Welliver, and their names adorned the front covers.

In addition to Catherine Breshkovskaia, Kennan befriended other émigrés such as Peter Kropotkin and Sergei Kravchinskii.

In the social sciences and science Norton has published best-selling books by such authors as Mary Roach, economists Paul Krugman and Joseph Stiglitz, paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould, physicist Richard Feynman, and historians Peter Gay, Jonathan Spence, Eric Foner, Christopher Lasch, and George F. Kennan.

Though in French it originally denoted a barrier implemented to stop the spread of disease, it has often been used in English in a metaphorical sense to refer to attempts to prevent the spread of an ideology deemed unwanted or dangerous, such as the containment policy adopted by George F. Kennan against the Soviet Union.

Mr. Kennan sums up his judgment of what went wrong this way:

" Kennan found the Yugoslav government treated the American diplomats politely and warmly, a sharp contrast from the way in which he was treated in Moscow.

Kennan advocated sound appraisal, public education, solutions of the internal problems of U. S. society, proposing for other nations a positive picture of the world the U. S. would like to see, and faith in the superiority of the Western way of life over the collective ideals of Soviet Communists.

Kennan strongly protested the legislation, arguing that it would only result in a straining of relations between Yugoslavia and the U. S. Kennan came to Washington in the summer of 1962 to lobby against the legislation but was unable to elicit a change from Congress.

Kennan has insisted that the U. S. public can only be united behind a foreign policy goal on the " primitive level of slogans and jingoistic ideological inspiration.

" Of Kennan, historian Wilson D. Miscamble remarked that " ne can only hope that present and future makers of foreign policy might share something of his integrity and intelligence.

" Other contributors, who were generally paid nothing or only a modest fee, included James Baldwin, Daniel Bell, Willy Brandt, David Dallin, Milovan Djilas, Theodore Draper, Max Eastman, Ralph Ellison, Hubert Humphrey, George F. Kennan, Murray Kempton, Hans Morgenthau, Daniel Patrick Moynihan, Albert Murray, Ralph de Toledano, Reinhold Niebuhr, George Orwell, Bertrand Russell, Bayard Rustin, and Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr ..