The results of this work were first shown in public in 1893, using the viewing apparatus also designed by Dickson, and called the Kinetoscope.

In 1913, Edison introduced a new cylinder-based synch-sound apparatus known, just like his 1895 system, as the Kinetophone ; instead of films being shown to individual viewers in the Kinetoscope cabinet, they were now projected onto a screen.

Only sporadic work was done on the Kinetoscope for much of 1890 as Dickson concentrated on Edison's unsuccessful venture into ore milling — between May and November, no expenses at all were billed to the lab's Kinetoscope account.

The machines were purchased from the new Kinetoscope Company, which had contracted with Edison for their production ; the firm, headed by Norman C. Raff and Frank R. Gammon, included among its investors Andrew M. Holland, one of the entrepreneurial siblings, and Edison's former business chief, Alfred O. Tate.

The Kinetoscope was an immediate success, however, and by June 1, the Hollands were also operating venues in Chicago and San Francisco.

Entrepreneurs ( including Raff and Gammon, with their own International Novelty Co .) were soon running Kinetoscope parlors and temporary exhibition venues around the United States.

The Kinetoscope exhibition spaces were largely, though not uniformly, profitable.

For each machine, Edison's business at first generally charged $ 250 to the Kinetoscope Company and other distributors, which would use them in their own exhibition parlors or resell them to independent exhibitors ; individual films were initially priced by Edison at $ 10.

The Kinetograph and Kinetoscope were modified, possibly with Rector's assistance, so they could manage filmstrips three times longer than had previously been used.

Kinetoscope owners were also offered kits with which to retrofit their equipment.

On the basis of his own tests of eighteen Kinetoscope films, scholar Gordon Hendricks argued that no Kinetoscope films were shot at 46 fps, making the speed of 40 fps reported by Murch more likely.

The first commercially exhibited motion pictures in the United States were from Edison, and premiered at a Kinetoscope parlor in New York City on April 14, 1894.

Although the Edison Company in the United States was producing films and exhibiting them via the Kinetoscope going back to 1893, the films themselves were studio-bound creations made in Edison's makeshift movie studio the Black Maria ; although Bucking Broncho ( 1894 ) was the first Edison subject to be filmed outdoors, it necessitated the construction of a special pen next to the Black Maria.

This film was among those exported to Europe with the first Kinetoscope machines in 1895, and was seen by Georges Méliès, who was putting on magic shows in his Theatre Robert-Houdin in Paris at the time.

Dickson and his team also devised the Kinetograph, an innovative motion picture camera with rapid intermittent, or stop-and-go, film movement, to photograph movies for in-house experiments and, eventually, commercial Kinetoscope presentations.

Edison, along with assistant W. K. L. Dickson, followed that up with the Kinetophone, which combined the Kinetoscope with Edison's cylinder phonograph.

* January 7, 1894-Thomas Edison films his assistant, Fred Ott sneezing with the Kinetoscope at the " Black Maria.

* January 7-Thomas Edison films his assistant, Fred Ott sneezing with the Kinetoscope at the " Black Maria.

* Thomas Edison experiments with synchronizing audio with film ; the Kinetophone is invented which loosely synchronizes a Kinetoscope image with a cylinder phonograph.

Interior view of Kinetoscope with peephole viewer at top of cabinet

The Kinetoscope was not a movie projector but introduced the basic approach that would become the standard for all cinematic projection before the advent of video, by creating the illusion of movement by conveying a strip of perforated film bearing sequential images over a light source with a high-speed shutter.

Dickson and his team at the Edison lab also devised the Kinetograph, an innovative motion picture camera with rapid intermittent, or stop-and-go, film movement, to photograph movies for in-house experiments and, eventually, commercial Kinetoscope presentations.

In 1895, Edison introduced the Kinetophone, which joined the Kinetoscope with a cylinder phonograph.

Kinetoscope production had been delayed in part because of Dickson's absence of more than eleven weeks early in the year with a nervous breakdown.

One of the new firms to enter the field was the Kinetoscope Exhibition Company ; the firm's partners, brothers Otway and Grey Latham, Otway's friend Enoch Rector, and their employer, Samuel J. Tilden Jr., sought to combine the popularity of the Kinetoscope with that of prizefighting.

Four years later, the Edison operation came out with its last substantial new film exhibition technology, a short-lived theatrical system called the Super Kinetoscope.

* Technology: Kinetoscope essay with technical analysis of the system ; part of the EarlyCinema. com website

Thanewala's Grand Kinetoscope Newsreels and Jamshedji Framji Madan's Madan Theatres Limited, India became counted amongst the largest distributors of American films after World War I. Madan also hired foreign directors Eugenio De Liguoro and Camille Legrand to provide his productions with expertise, grand sets for popular mythological storylines and special effects which ensured good returns.

The first commercial exhibition of film took place on April 14, 1894 at Edison's Kinetoscope peep-show parlor.

With the advent of flexible film, Thomas Alva Edison quickly set out on his invention, the Kinetoscope, which was first shown at the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences on 9 May 1893.

The Kinetoscope was a film loop system intended for one-person viewing.

It is historically significant as the first Kinetoscope film shown in public exhibition on May 9, 1893 and is the earliest known example of actors performing a role in a film.

* The final revisions to the Kinetoscope are made, including a vertical transport and wider film.

The first film made for the Kinetoscope, and apparently the first motion picture ever produced on photographic film in the United States, may have been shot at this time ( there is an unresolved debate over whether it was made in June 1889 or November 1890 ); known as Monkeyshines, No. 1, it shows an employee of the lab in an apparently tongue-in-cheek display of physical dexterity.

Upon his return to the United States, Edison filed another patent caveat, on November 2, which described a Kinetoscope based not just on a flexible filmstrip, but one in which the film was perforated to allow for its engagement by sprockets, making its mechanical conveyance much more smooth and reliable.

The Kinetoscope application also included a plan for a stereoscopic film projection system that was apparently abandoned.

In August 1894, the film premiered at the Kinetoscope Exhibition Company's parlor at 83 Nassau Street in New York.

In 1912, he introduced the ambitious and expensive Home Projecting Kinetoscope, which employed a unique format of three parallel columns of sequential frames on one strip of film — the middle column ran through the machine in the reverse direction from its neighbors.

The device appears to have been one of the primary inspirations for Thomas Edison and William Kennedy Dickson's Kinetoscope, the first commercial film exhibition system.

Thomas Edison hired the play's stars, May Irwin and John Rice, to recreate the kiss seen in act 1 of the play for the 1896 short film, The Kiss, made in Edison's Kinetoscope process.

Urban first entered the film industry in 1895 when he exhibited the Kinetoscope in Detroit, Michigan in 1895.

Hannibal Williston Goodwin ( April 21, 1822-December 31, 1900 ), was an Episcopal priest at the House of Prayer Episcopal Church and Rectory in Newark, New Jersey, patented a method for making transparent, flexible roll film out of nitrocellulose film base, which was used in Thomas Edison's Kinetoscope, an early machine for viewing animation.

In 1893, the world's first film production studio, the Black Maria, or the Kinetographic Theater, was completed on the grounds of Edison's laboratories at West Orange, New Jersey, for the purpose of making film strips for the Kinetoscope.