The Kurgan hypothesis, currently the most widely held theory, is based on linguistic, archaeological, and genetic evidence, but is not universally accepted.

** The Yamna culture (" Kurgan culture "), succeeding the Sredny Stog culture is the locus of the Proto-Indo-Europeans according to the Kurgan hypothesis

** The Pit Grave (" Kurgan culture "), succeeding the Sredny Stog culture is the locus of the Turkic peoples according to the Paleolithic Continuity Theory

** The Maykop culture of the Caucasus, contemporary to the Kurgan culture, is a candidate for the origin of bronze production and thus the Bronze Age.

* Kurgan culture of what is now Southern Russia and Ukraine ; possibly the first domestication of the horse.

KAvZ (, Kurgansky Avtobusny Zavod ) is a bus manufacturer in Kurgan, Russia.

A panorama of the Battle of Stalingrad is on display at Mamayev Kurgan.

Among other things a prince's grave Kurgan Arshan exposed in 2001 is known.

Under the Kurgan hypothesis, there are two possibilities for how the early Anatolian speakers could have reached Anatolia: from the north via the Caucasus, and from the west, via the Balkans, the latter of which is considered somewhat more likely by Mallory ( 1989 ) and Steiner ( 1990 ).

Marija Gimbutas ' Kurgan hypothesis is opposed by Paleolithic Continuity Theory, which associates Pit Grave and Sredny Stog Kurgan cultures with Turkic peoples, and the Anatolian hypothesis, and is also opposed by the Black Sea deluge theory.

* The Håga Kurgan, located on the outskirts of Uppsala, Sweden, is a large Nordic Bronze Age kurgan from ca.

* The Pereshchepina Kurgan is a burial memorial of the Great Bulgaria Khan Kubrat from ca.

Salbyk kurgan is surrounded by balbals, and topped with Kurgan stelae.

The BMP-3 is designed and produced by the Kurganmashzavod (" Kurgan Machine Building Plant ") some variants however are build by the Rubtsovsk Machine Building Plant ( RMZ ), for example the BRM-3K.

It is difficult to know whether to characterise the " wall-like extremity with five merlons and four embrasures " in the arms of the Kurgan Oblast in Russia as a divided field or a charge.

Jones is said to have been cast as The Kurgan in the remake of the 1986 cult classic Highlander.

This is adjacent to the proposed homeland for Proto-Indo-European under the Kurgan hypothesis.

Tobol ( ; ) is a river in Kurgan and Tyumen Oblasts in Russia and Kazakhstan, left tributary of the Irtysh.

Kurgan Oblast (, Kurganskaya oblast ) is a federal subject of Russia ( an oblast ).

" PCT reassigns the Kurgan culture ( traditionally considered early Indo-European ) to a people of predominantly mixed Uralic and Turkic stock.

Marija Gimbutas () ( Vilnius, January 23, 1921 – Los Angeles, United States February 2, 1994 ), was a Lithuanian-American archeologist known for her research into the Neolithic and Bronze Age cultures of " Old Europe ", a term she introduced, and for her Kurgan hypothesis, the current most widely accepted of the Proto-Indo-European Urheimat hypotheses among scholars.

The Kurgan hypothesis ( also theory or model ) is one of the proposals about early Indo-European origins, which postulates that the people of an archaeological " Kurgan culture " ( a term grouping the Yamna, or Pit Grave, culture and its predecessors ) in the Pontic steppe were the most likely speakers of the Proto-Indo-European language.

Gimbutas defined and introduced the term " Kurgan culture " in 1956 with the intention to introduce a " broader term " that would combine Sredny Stog II, Pit-Grave and Corded ware horizons ( spanning the 4th to 3rd millennia in much of Eastern and Northern Europe ).

David Anthony considers the term " Kurgan Culture " so lacking in precision as to be useless.

In 1956 Gimbutas introduced her Kurgan hypothesis, which combined archaeological study of the distinctive Kurgan burial mounds with linguistics to unravel some problems in the study of the Proto-Indo-European ( PIE ) speaking peoples, whom she dubbed the " Kurgans "; namely, to account for their origin and to trace their migrations into Europe.

" Sverdlovsk led the " Urals Five " ( Kurgan Oblast, Orenburg Oblast, Perm Krai, Chelyabinsk Oblast and Sverdlovsk ) in a call for greater regional power.

The most popular hypothesis for the origin and spread of the language is the Kurgan hypothesis, which postulates an origin in the Pontic-Caspian steppe of Eastern Europe and Western Asia.

On 16 September they recaptured Mamayev Kurgan and kept fighting for the railway station, taking heavy losses.

He is known for his roles in live action as The Kurgan in the cult classic film Highlander, Byron Hadley in the award-winning The Shawshank Redemption, Brother Justin Crowe in HBO's critically acclaimed Carnivàle, Career Sergeant Zim in Starship Troopers and the killer Steve in Shoot to Kill.

But critics do exist and their objections can be summarized quite simply – almost all of the arguments for invasion and cultural transformations are far better explained without reference to Kurgan expansions, and most of the evidence so far presented is either totally contradicted by other evidence or is the result of gross misinterpretation of the cultural history of Eastern, Central, and Northern Europe.

Krell compiles lists of items of flora, fauna, economy, and technology that archaeology has accounted for in the Kurgan culture and compares it with lists of the same categories as reconstructed by traditional historical-Indo-European linguistics.

Fighting on Mamayev Kurgan during the Battle of Stalingrad and the Umurbrogol Pocket in the Battle of Peleliu were also examples of bloody fighting for high ground.

It provides linguistic evidence for the geographical location of these languages around that time, agreeing with archeological evidence that Indo-European speakers were present in the Pontic-Caspian steppes by around 4500 BCE ( the Kurgan hypothesis ) and that Uralic speakers may have been established in the Pit-Comb Ware culture to their north in the fifth millennium BCE ( Carpelan & Parpola 2001: 79 ).

In the 1950s, Gavril Ilizarov of Kurgan, Soviet Union, devised and developed a new method for treating fractures, deformities and other bone defects.

He later worked for Jacques Rougeau's wrestling events as Kurgan.

Using the name Giant Kurgan, Maillet worked for Emile Dupree's Atlantic Grand Prix Wrestling ( GPW ), and St. John's based Legend City Wrestling ( LCW ).

* Kurgan Rising-With an increasing number of Immortals disappearing, Duncan and Watcher Joe Dawson decide to investigate, but nothing can prepare the Highlander for what he will find: an ancient terror reborn!

Most importantly, he warned him of the Kurgan, who gave him his first death, and prepared him for it — believing that Connor would be the one to end his reign of terror.

In the context of the Kurgan hypothesis, this range is regarded as a convenient place for speakers of the Proto-Indo-European language to have exchanged some lexical items with Uralic-language-speakers.

Within the context of the Kurgan hypothesis of Marija Gimbutas, this culture is a major center for migrations ( or invasions, if you prefer ) from the Yamna culture and its immediate successors into Northern and Central Europe.

Kurgan is a tumulus or burial mound in Eurasia, but especially in Russia and Ukraine.