In chemistry and physics, the Avogadro constant ( symbols: L, N < sub > A </ sub >) is defined as the ratio of the number of constituent particles N ( usually atoms or molecules ) in a sample to the amount of substance n ( unit mole ) through the relationship N < sub > A </ sub > = N / n.

A specific latent heat ( L ) expresses the amount of energy in form of heat ( Q ) required to completely affect a phase change of a unit of mass ( m ), usually, of a substance as an intensive property:

: L is the specific latent heat for a particular substance ( kJ-kg < sub > m </ sub >< sup >− 1 </ sup > or in BTU-lb < sub > m </ sub >< sup >− 1 </ sup >), either L < sub > f </ sub > for fusion, or L < sub > v </ sub > for vaporization.

where denotes the concentration ( Molarity, mol / L ) of the substance X.

In 1983, NKA ( previously known as substance K or neuromedin L ) was isolated from porcine spinal cord and was also found to stimulate intestinal contraction.

Across the Atlantic Ocean and at roughly the same time, in 1913, a man named T. L. Williams created a remarakably similar substance for his sister Maybel.

Subsequently ( 1903 ) L. Cuénot, in order to explain certain features in the hereditary transmission of coat colour in mice, postulated the hypothesis that the grey colour of the wild mouse ( which is known to be a compound of black, chocolate and yellow pigments ) may be due either to the interaction of a single ferment and three chromogens, or vice versa, to one chromogenic substance and three ferments .”

A gram per liter or litre ( g / L ) is a unit of measurement of mass concentration that shows how many grams of a certain substance are present in one litre of a usually liquid or gaseous mixture.

For example, a description of a solution that involves two substances, where one of the substances involves adding water, would state: " 10 mg / L water and substance ".

An article written in 1984 by L. R. Ember, and published in Chemical Engineering News, is considered one of the most exhaustive and authoritative accounts of the controversy surrounding the use of trichothecene mycotoxins in Southeast Asia during the 1970s.

It derives from the Latin lyncea lynx, with the letter L confused with the definite article ( Italian lonza, Old French l ' once ).

* New Plans For Panama, by Stephen L. Freeman 1947 article about possible post World War II plans for the Panama Canal including first mention of a sea level canal to replace the locks

It is generally agreed that the first publication advocating privacy in the United States was the article by Samuel Warren and Louis Brandeis, " The Right to Privacy ", 4 Harvard L. R.

Edmund Bergler ’ s first contribution to the psychoanalytic theory of homosexuality was “ Der Mammakomplex des Mannes “, an article co-authored with L. Eidelberg and published in the Internationale Zeitschrift fuer Psychoanalyse in 1933.

* 26 August 1854 — Charles Bourseul published an article in the magazine L ' Illustration ( Paris ): " Transmission électrique de la parole " ( electric transmission of speech ), describing a ' make-and-break ' type telephone transmitter later created by Johann Reis.

French demographer, anthropologist and historian Alfred Sauvy, in an article published in the French magazine L ' Observateur, August 14, 1952, coined the term Third World, referring to countries that were unaligned with either the Communist Soviet bloc or the Capitalist NATO bloc during the Cold War His usage was a reference to the Third Estate, the commoners of France who, before and during the French Revolution, opposed priests and nobles, who composed the First Estate and Second Estate, respectively.

* December 27 – American journalist John L. O ' Sullivan claims in a newspaper article that the United States have a " Manifest Destiny " to expand their borders.

L ' Émergence — Poétique de l ' Émergence, en réponse aux travaux de Jean-Marie Grassin, Bern, Berlin, etc., 2011 ; and: the article " Emergence " in the International Dictionary of Literary Terms ( DITL ).

L. J. Hanifan's 1916 article regarding local support for rural schools is one of the first occurrences of the term " social capital " in reference to social cohesion and personal investment in the community.

In a 1955 article published in the philosophy journal Mind, J. L. Mackie attempted to resolve the paradox by distinguishing between first-order omnipotence ( unlimited power to act ) and second-order omnipotence ( unlimited power to determine what powers to act things shall have ).

On June 6, 2007, CEO Brian Tierney of Philadelphia Media Holdings L. L. C., owning company of The Philadelphia Inquirer, Philadelphia Daily News, and Philly. com, went public in an article on Philly. com expressing interest in " joining with outside partners to buy Dow Jones.

Barthez denied that he was planning to retire, and in an article for French daily L ' Équipe, he said that he was looking for another contract for at least two years.

The theory was introduced in a 1982 article by social scientists James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling.

The broken windows theory was first introduced by social scientists James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling, in an article titled " Broken Windows " and which appeared in the March 1982 edition of The Atlantic Monthly.

A 1996 criminology and urban sociology book, Fixing Broken Windows: Restoring Order and Reducing Crime in Our Communities by George L. Kelling and a co-author Catharine Coles, is based on the article but develops the argument in greater detail.

L. Macy ( accessed 19 August 2005 ), ( subscription access ) ( This article is very different from the one in the 1980 Grove ; in particular, the analysis of Strauss's behavior during the Nazi period is more detailed.

On the 40th anniversary of its release, the Vatican newspaper, L ' Osservatore Romano, published a lengthy article which declared that " Forty years later, this album remains a type of magical musical anthology: 30 songs you can go through and listen to at will, certain of finding some pearls that even today remain unparalleled.

Journalist John L. O ' Sullivan, an influential advocate for Jacksonian democracy and a complex character described by Julian Hawthorne as " always full of grand and world-embracing schemes ", wrote an article in 1839, which, while not using the term " Manifest Destiny ", did predict a " divine destiny " for the United States based upon values such as equality, rights of conscience, and personal enfranchisement " to establish on earth the moral dignity and salvation of man ".

In an article by sociologists Ben Carrington, David L. Andrews, Steven J. Jackson and Zbigniew Mazur, they state, "… interpretations of the cultural impact of globalization can be classified into two distinct theoretical camps: the economic and the cultural camps.

The connection was explicitly mentioned for the first time by Stuart L. Hart and Mark B. Milstein in their 1999 article Global Sustainability and the Creative Destruction of Industries, in which he argues new profit opportunities lie in a round of creative destruction driven by global sustainability.

According to a January 4, 1977, L. A. Times article entitled HOMEGROWN PUNK by Robert Hilburn, Rodney Bingenheimer saw Van Halen at the Gazzarri club in the summer of 1976, so he took Gene Simmons of Kiss to see Van Halen.

In 1945, " There ain't no such thing as a free lunch " appeared in the Columbia Law Review, and " there is no free lunch " appeared in a 1942 article in the Oelwein Daily Register ( in a quote attributed to economist Harley L. Lutz ) and in a 1947 column by economist Merryle S. Rukeyser.

His early operas ( Gli equivoci nel sembiante 1679 ; L ’ honestà negli amori 1680, containing the famous aria " Già il sole dal Gange "; Il Pompeo 1683, containing the well-known airs " O cessate di piagarmi " and " Toglietemi la vita ancor ," and others down to about 1685 ) retain the older cadences in their recitatives, and a considerable variety of neatly constructed forms in their charming little arias, accompanied sometimes by the string quartet, treated with careful elaboration, sometimes with the continuo alone.

File: Agent-Orange -- stack-of-55-gallon-drums. jpg | Stacks of 55-gallon ( 200 L ) drums containing Agent Orange

The experiment created a mixture that was racemic ( containing both L and D enantiomers ) and experiments since have shown that " in the lab the two versions are equally likely to appear.

In 1994, the National Library of Australia purchased a photograph album, monogrammed " L & V O " and believed to have belonged to the Oliviers, containing 573 photographs of the couple during their 1948 tour of Australia.

In the center, just beyond the crossing, is the large, raised High Altar, behind which is a wrought iron enclosure containing the Gothic style tomb of the man who originally conceived and founded the cathedral, The Right Reverend Horatio Potter, D. D., LL. D., D. C. L., Bishop of New York.

For example, Robert L. Forward, Hughes Research Laboratories, Malibu, California, showed general relativity theory allowed the generation of a very brief impulse of a gravity-like repulsive force along the axis of a helical torus containing accelerated condensed matter.

Also containing a 14-screen AMC movie theater, an L. L. Bean retail store, a Cheesecake Factory restaurant, and a Bank of America, in an outside extension area, the mall is a societal center for the community and is located in Town Center.

Les Invalides (), officially known as L ' Hôtel national des Invalides ( The National Residence of the Invalids ), is a complex of buildings in the 7th arrondissement of Paris, France, containing museums and monuments, all relating to the military history of France, as well as a hospital and a retirement home for war veterans, the building's original purpose.

Using one of several classification of groundwater based on Total Dissolved Solids, brine is water containing more than 100, 000 mg / L TDS.

On September 5, 1864, Union General Albert L. Lee left from Baton Rouge to make another raid on Clinton and destroyed a tannery at nearby Greensburg containing two thousand sides of leather.

During the American Civil War, Union General Albert L. Lee left from Baton Rouge with a division of cavalry on October 5, 1864, and raided Greensburg, where his men destroyed a tannery containing two thousand sides of leather.

Three buildings — Rosenberry's Garage, Morlan General Store, and Anspach Cafe ' -- were total losses, while buildings containing O. L.

The release includes new audio commentary featuring Brooks and Marks, James L. Brooks — A Singular Voice, a new documentary on Brooks ’ s career in television and film, featuring actresses Marilu Henner and Julie Kavner, among other collaborators, an alternative ending and deleted scenes, with commentary by Brook, new video interviews with veteran CBS news producer Susan Zirinsky, one of the models for actress Holly Hunter ’ s character and an associate producer on the film, and a featurette containing on-set footage and interviews with Brooks, Hunter, and actor Albert Brooks.

A randomized controlled trial using a probiotic drink containing Lactobacillus casei, L bulgaricus, and Streptococcus thermophilus was reported to have some efficacy.

The plan differed from L ’ Enfant ’ s by replacing the wide " grand avenue " with a wide vista containing a long and broad expanse of grass.

After losing control because of faulty brakes, a tanker truck carrying about 34 000 L of fuel ran into a house containing an ice cream parlour and a pizzeria.

Given an algebraically closed field A containing K, there is a unique splitting field L of p between K and A, generated by the roots of p. If K is a subfield of the complex numbers, the existence is automatic.

Given a separable extension K ′ of K, a Galois closure L of K ′ is a type of splitting field, and also a Galois extension of K containing K ′ that is minimal, in an obvious sense.

( Here K ( a ) denotes the smallest subfield of L containing K and a )

In 1598 he published a work on which he had long been engaged, entitled De L ' institution, usage et doctrine du saint sacrement de l ' eucharistie en l ' église ancienne, containing about 5000 citations from the scriptures, fathers and schoolmen.

Let C be a positively oriented, piecewise smooth, simple closed curve in the plane < sup > 2 </ sup >, and let D be the region bounded by C. If L and M are functions of ( x, y ) defined on an open region containing D and have continuous partial derivatives there, then

The original name for the Macross project was Battle City Megarodo ( or Battle City Megaroad, as the Japanese transliteration to either " L " or " R " gives the title a double meaning in reference to the story line: Megaload, referring to the spacecraft containing an entire city of people ; and Megaroad, referring to the long journey through space back to Earth ); however, one of the sponsors of the project, Big West Advertising, was a fan of Shakespeare and wanted the series and the spacecraft to be named.