; Viral hemorrhagic fevers: This includes hemorrhagic fevers caused by members of the family Filoviridae ( Marburg virus and Ebola virus ), and by the family Arenaviridae ( for example Lassa virus and Machupo virus ).

Lassa fever or Lassa hemorrhagic fever ( LHF ) is an acute viral hemorrhagic fever caused by the Lassa virus and first described in 1969 in the town of Lassa, in Borno State, Nigeria, in the Yedseram river valley at the south end of Lake Chad.

The primary animal host of the Lassa virus is the Natal Multimammate Mouse ( Mastomys natalensis ), an animal indigenous to most of Sub-Saharan Africa.

Lassa virus is zoonotic ( transmitted from animals ), in that it spreads to man from rodents, specifically multi-mammate rats ( Mastomys natalensis ).

They have developed a replication-competent vaccine against Lassa virus based on recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus vectors expressing the Lassa virus glycoprotein.

Some Viral Hemorrhagic Fever causing agents like Lassa fever virus, Rift Valley fever, Marburg virus, Ebola virus and Bolivian hemorrhagic fever are highly contagious and deadly diseases, with the theoretical potential to become pandemics.

** Family Arenaviridae-includes Lassa virus

Other viral hemorrhagic fevers, such as Ebola virus, Lassa virus, Marburg virus and Junin virus, have to be excluded as cause.

* Biohazard Level 4: Viruses and bacteria that cause severe to fatal disease in humans, and for which vaccines or other treatments are not available, such as Bolivian and Argentine hemorrhagic fevers, Dengue hemorrhagic fever, Marburg virus, Ebola virus, hantaviruses, Lassa fever virus, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, and other hemorrhagic diseases.

In fatal cases, Lassa fever is characterized by impaired or delayed cellular immunity leading to fulminant viremia.

When Lassa fever infects pregnant women late in their third trimester, it is necessary to induce delivery for the mother to have a good chance of survival.

Ribavirin is the only known treatment for a variety of viral hemorrhagic fevers, including Lassa fever, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever, and Hantavirus infection, although data regarding these infections are scarce and the drug might be effective only in early stages.

Lassa virus ( LASV ) is an Old World arenavirus that causes Lassa hemorrhagic fever,

Replication for Lassa virus is very rapid, while also demonstrating temporal control in replication.

Specific variants of the genes encoding these proteins appear to be under positive selection in West Africa where Lassa is endemic.

Kenema and Bo are endemic areas for a highly contagious tropical hemorragic fever known as Lassa fever, and Kenema hospital is the centre of an international effort to combat the disease with support from the World Health Organization ( WHO ) and UNAMSIL.

The risk of infection with other tropical diseases such as protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, typhoid fever, malaria, yellow fever, schistosomiasis and Lassa fever is described by the CIA as " very high ".

As a maximum containment facility, the NML deals with the most serious human and animal pathogens and diseases, such as SARS, Ebola virus and Lassa virus.

Studies show up to half a million cases of Lassa fever per year in West Africa, with 5000 resulting in death.

Like other hemorrhagic fevers, Lassa fever can be transmitted directly from one human to another.

Clinically, Lassa fever infections are difficult to distinguish from other viral hemorrhagic fevers such as Ebola and Marburg, and from more common febrile illnesses such as malaria.

Other laboratory findings in Lassa fever include lymphopenia ( low white blood cell count ), thrombocytopenia ( low platelets ), and elevated aspartate aminotransferase ( AST ) levels in the blood.

About 15 %- 20 % of hospitalized Lassa fever patients will die from the illness.

All persons suspected of Lassa fever infection should be admitted to isolation facilities and their body fluids and excreta properly disposed of.

Following delivery, women should receive the same treatment as other Lassa fever patients.

Petitions against senators Lena Taylor ( D ), Spencer Coggs ( D ), Mark Miller ( D ), Glenn Grothman ( R ), Julie Lassa ( D ), Fred Risser ( D ), and Mary Lazich ( R ), were unsuccessful.

Indians player, Nick Lassa ( also called " Long-Time-Sleep ") even wrestled a bear on occasion.

Tyre and rubber products are produced to world class standard ( Goodyear, Pirelli, Lassa and Bridgestone.

Upon his retirement, the seat was won by Republican Sean Duffy who defeated Democrat State Senator Julie Lassa.

For example, a novice may use Lassa nos considerar le optiones to mean ' Let's consider the options ', as in English.

In any event, whether society may have cancer, or merely a virus infection, the `` disease '', we shall find, is political, economical, social, and even medical.

for a dose of radiation is not like a flu virus which causes temporary discomfort and then dies.

Wound-tumor virus is a leafhopper transmitted virus not easily transmissible by mechanical inoculation ( Black, 1944 ; ;

This is due to dwindling stocks and most notably the abalone virus Ganglioneuritis which is fast spreading and lethal to abalone stocks.

This is the one part of the HIV virus outer coating that does not change, because it is the attachment point to T lymphocytes, the key cell in cell-mediated immunity.

This is an important oncolytic property of CDV, this virus is capable of killing canine lymphoma cells.

Defects in the cell cycle are thought to be responsible for certain tumor cells resisting chemotherapy or radiation, so a virus that can induce apoptosis despite defects in the cell cycle is useful for cancer treatment.

The progression of the human immunodeficiency virus infection into AIDS is primarily due to the depletion of CD4 + T-helper lymphocytes in a manner that is too rapid for the body's bone marrow to replenish the cells, leading to a compromised immune system.

Viral induction of apoptosis occurs when one or several cells of a living organism is infected with a virus leading to cell death.

Canine distemper virus ( CDV ) is known to cause apoptosis in central nervous system and lymphoid tissue of infected dogs in vivo and in vitro.

The Oropouche virus ( OROV ) is found in the family Bunyaviridae.

Abacá is vulnerable to a number of pathogens, notably abaca bunchy top virus and abaca bract mosaic virus.

It is caused by the Bluetongue virus ( BTV ).

The virus is transmitted by the midge Culicoides imicola and other culicoids.

In cattle, goats and wild ruminants infection is usually asymptomatic despite high virus levels in blood.

Bluetongue is caused by the pathogenic virus, Bluetongue virus ( BTV ), of the genus Orbivirus, of the Reoviridae family.

Of these, NS3 / NS3A is involved in the egress of the progeny virus.

It is believed that the virus somehow survives in overwintering midges or animals.