A chance remark about Lenin's sealed train brought the rejoinder that this was a myth akin to George Washington's cherry tree.

During the first years in power, under Lenin's rule, the Central Committee was the key decision-making body in both practice and theory, and decisions were made through majority votes.

" The decision to negotiate peace with the Germans was only reached when Lenin threatened to resign, which in turn led to a temporary coalition between Lenin's supporters and those of Trotsky and others.

Lenin's reply was evasive, but he stated that party discipline needed to be strengthened during " a retreat " – the New Economic Policy was introduced at the 10th Party Congress.

Trotsky was one of the main contenders for leadership following Lenin's death.

Under Lenin the party ruled through the government, for instance, the only political office held by Lenin was Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars, but following Lenin's health the party took control of government activities.

Kamenev was acting Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars in Lenin's absence.

The film, finished in January 1934 for Lenin's obit, was only publicly released in November.

" One of Lenin's challenges was distancing materialism, as a viable philosophical outlook, from the " vulgar materialism " expressed in the statement " the brain secretes thought in the same way as the liver secretes bile " ( attributed to 18th c. physician Pierre Jean Georges Cabanis, 1757 – 1808 ); " metaphysical materialism " ( matter composed of immutable particles ); and 19th-century " mechanical materialism " ( matter as random molecules interacting per the laws of mechanics ).

The Bolshevik government's recognition of Finnish independence was the first expression of Lenin's power political strategy and ideology ; the right of nations to self-determination.

This recent growth was inspired in part by theoretical works on guerrilla warfare, starting with the Manual de Guerra de Guerrillas by Matías Ramón Mella written in the 19th century and, more recently, Mao Zedong's On Guerrilla Warfare, Che Guevara's Guerrilla Warfare and Lenin's text of the same name, all written after the successful revolutions carried by them in China, Cuba and Russia respectively.

After Vladimir Lenin's death in 1924, Marxism was transformed into Marxism-Leninism and from there to Maoism or Marxism-Leninism-Mao Zedong Thought in China which some regard as the " true doctrine " and others as a " state religion ".

His body was preserved in Lenin's Mausoleum until 31 October 1961, when his body was removed from the mausoleum and buried in the Kremlin Wall Necropolis next to the Kremlin walls as part of the process of de-Stalinization.

Radek was part of the Left Opposition from 1923, writing his famed article ' Leon Trotsky: Organizer of Victory ' shortly after Lenin's stroke in January of that year.

When various Bolshevik and Menshevik factions tried to re-unite at the January 1910 RSDLP Central Committee meeting in Paris over Lenin's objections, Trotsky's Pravda was made a party-financed ' central organ '.

Shortly after Lenin's death in 1924, the letter was pulled out of the archives and made public by Trotsky's opponents within the Communist Party, and was used to paint him as Lenin's enemy.

By the end of 1917, Trotsky was unquestionably the second man in the Bolshevik Party after Lenin, overshadowing the ambitious Zinoviev, who had been Lenin's top lieutenant over the previous decade, but whose star appeared to be fading.

Throughout January and February 1918, Lenin's position was supported by 7 members of the Bolshevik Central Committee and Bukharin's by 4.

While the difference in the definitions was very small, with Lenin's being slightly more exclusive ( Lenin's formulation required the party member to be a member of one of the party's organizations, whereas Martov's only stated that he should work under the guidance of a party organization ), it was indicative of what became an essential difference between the philosophies of the two emerging factions: Lenin argued for a small party of professional revolutionaries with a large fringe of non-party sympathizers and supporters, whereas Martov believed it was better to have a large party of activists with broad representation.

For example, there is a movie where the inner circle of Communists finds Vladimir Lenin's decoy better than the original, so the leader is murdered and the Balt decoy replaces him.

Lenin's orders were to arrest all members of Makhno's organization and to try them as common criminals.

The idea that the date was chosen to celebrate Lenin's centenary still persists in some quarters, an idea borne out by the similarity with the subbotnik instituted by Lenin in 1920 as days on which people would have to do community service, which typically consisted in removing rubbish from public property and collecting recyclable material.

Insofar as people believed in this claim, Stalin gained Lenin's charismatic authority.

More than 10 million people visited Lenin's tomb between 1924 and 1972.

As for most other Northern indigenous peoples of Russia, the Soviet state ordered the creation of a " national literature " for the Mansi people which consisted mostly of works hailing the enlightenment and progress brought to the Mansi by Lenin's revolution.

SA also unconditionally support the right of people in the Middle East today to resist US and Israeli occupation, in line with Vladimir Lenin's position of " the right of oppressed nations to self-determination ".

According to Vladimir Lenin's directions, the foreign intelligence department had chosen as his main target the White Guard people ( White movement ), of which the largest groups were in Berlin, Paris and Warsaw.

Despite Lenin's declarations that " the workers must demand the immediate establishment of genuine control, to be exercised by the workers themselves ", on May 30, the Menshevik minister of labor, Skobolev, pledged to not give the control of industry to the workers but instead to the state: " The transfer of enterprises into the hands of the people will not at the present time assist the revolution [...] The regulation and control of industry is not a matter for a particular class.

The Thaw initiated irreversible transformation of the entire Soviet society by opening up for some economic reforms and international trade, educational and cultural contacts, festivals, books by foreign authors, foreign movies, art shows, popular music, dances and new fashions, massive involvement in international sport competitions ; it was a chain of unprecedented steps to free people from fear and dictatorship that culminated in the removal of Stalin's body from Lenin's Mausoleum.

Maoists and Hoxhaists argue that flaws in the system under Lenin and Joseph Stalin were due to a lack of the party's faith in the masses and that this resulted in the party disconnecting itself to the needs of the people, which was then exploited by Marxist revisionists who turned the Soviet Union away from Marxism-Leninism after Lenin's death.

After Lenin's party, the Bolsheviks, only a got a minority of the votes in the election to the Russian Constituent Assembly, he illegally disbanded it by force after its first meeting, arguing, like Karl Marx, that parliamentary democracy could not fairly represent the workers since it was in practice dominated by the bourgeoisie, that the proportional representation did not take into account the SR split, and that the Soviets ( where the Bolsheviks did get a majority ) more accurately represented the opinion of the people, which had changed as shown in the elections to the Soviets between the time of the elections to the Assembly and the first meeting of the Assembly.

Deputies and officials paid an average worker's wage are also a feature of the Dictatorship of the Proletariat described in Marx's account of the Paris Commune, The Civil War in France, as well as in Lenin's The State and Revolution commentary on Marx's pamphlet, although not all people who draw an average workers wage subscribe to Marxist principles.

His politics differed sharply from those of Stalinism, most prominently in opposing Socialism in One Country, which he argued was a break with proletarian internationalism, and in his belief in what he argued was a more authentic dictatorship of the proletariat based on working-class self-emancipation and mass democracy, rather than the unaccountable bureaucracy he saw as having developed after Lenin's death.

Dan aligned himself with Julius Martov who wanted to have a larger party of activists, rather than Vladimir Lenin's conception of a smaller party of professional revolutionaries.

They support Lenin's analysis of imperialism as a higher stage of capitalism based on international capital concentrated in the ' developed ' western world, rather than simply as militarism and war.

Deng's market socialism, especially in its early stages, was in some ways parallel to Lenin's New Economic Policy and Bukharin's economic policies, in that they all foresaw a role for private entrepreneurs and markets based on trade and pricing rather than government mandates of production.

As a result of Lenin's illness, the position of general secretary became more important than had originally been envisioned and Stalin's power grew.

In the aftermath of World War II, the Soviet Union succeeded in acquiring control of more territory than Imperial Russia had and partly fulfilled Lenin's original dream of bringing communist revolution to Germany.

Ironically, in her most famous attack on Lenin's views, the 1904 Organizational Questions of the Russian Social Democracy, or, Leninism or Marxism ?, a response to Lenin's 1903 What Is To Be Done ?, Luxemburg was more worried that the authoritarianism she saw in Leninism would lead to sectarianism and irrelevancy than that it would lead to a dictatorship after a successful revolution-although she also warned of the latter danger.

Egyptian intellectual Tariq al-Bishri has compared the influence of Milestones to Vladimir Lenin's pamphlet What Is To Be Done ?, where the founder of modern Communism outlined his theories of how Communism would be different than socialism.

The period of 1908 to 1917 was one of dissillusionment in the Bolshevik party over Lenin's leadership, with members opposing him for scandals involving his expropriations and methods of raising money for the party.

Initially a supporter of Joseph Stalin after Vladimir Lenin's death, he came to oppose a large number of Stalin's policies and was one of Stalin's most prominent victims during the " Moscow Trials " and purges of the Old Bolsheviks in the late 1930s.

Opponents of this view include revisionist historians and a number of post – Cold War and otherwise dissident Soviet historians including Roy Medvedev, who argues that although " one could list the various measures carried out by Stalin that were actually a continuation of anti-democratic trends and measures implemented under Lenin ... in so many ways, Stalin acted, not in line with Lenin's clear instructions, but in defiance of them ".

Therefore it is wrong to claim, as the official Soviet historians later did, that Dzerzhinsky had been one of Lenin's oldest and most reliable comrades, or that Lenin had exercised some sort of spellbinding influence on Dzerzhinsky and the SDKPiL.

Between 1903 and the fall of the Russian Empire in February 1917, he was a leading Bolshevik and one of Vladimir Lenin's closest associates, working both within Russia and abroad as circumstances permitted.

Zinoviev was one of the most powerful figures in the Soviet leadership during Lenin's final illness in 1922-1923 and immediately after his death in January 1924.

This was the position, contrary to that of " Classical Marxism " which by that time had been further illuminated by active life, shared by Trotsky and Lenin and the Bolsheviks until 1924 when Joseph Stalin, who along with Kamenev in February 1917 had taken the Menshevik position of first the bourgeois revolution, only to be confronted by Lenin and his famous April Thesis on Lenin's return to Russia, after the death of Lenin and seeking to consolidate his growing bureaucratic control of the Bolshevik Party began to put forward the slogan of " Socialism in one country ".

Two of the most significant military parades on Red Square were the one in 1941, when the city was besieged by Germans and troops were leaving Red Square straight to the front lines, and the Victory Parade in 1945, when the banners of defeated Nazi armies were thrown at the foot of Lenin's Mausoleum.

In the first edition of the book Osnovy Leninizma ( Foundations of Leninism, 1924 ), Stalin was still a follower of Vladimir Lenin's idea that revolution in one country is insufficient.

In particular, Trotskyists often claimed, and still claim, that Socialism in One Country opposes both the basic tenets of Marxism and Lenin's particular beliefs that the final success of socialism in one country depends upon the revolution's degree of success in proletarian revolutions in the more advanced countries of Western Europe.

Leninists argue that Lenin's ideal vanguard party would be one where membership is completely open: " The members of the Party are they who accept the principles of the Party programme and render the Party all possible support.

However, the majority of the party's elected officials were reluctant to adopt the principle of the " democratic centralism ", one of Lenin's conditions, and remained in the SFIO.

The campaign was also well backed financially, and at one meeting for the campaign Jimmy Reid was able to announce that the campaign had received a £ 5, 000 contribution from John Lennon, to which an attendee replied " but Lenin's deid!

In 1922, by Lenin's decree, the elder Khariton was expelled from Soviet Russia on one of the so-called Philosophers ' ships, subsequently working for an emigrant newspaper in Latvia.

His rise in influence and his approval of world revolution led him to seek Lenin's support for a Bolshevik government over Romania, at a time when a similar attempt was being made by the Odessa-based Romanian Social Democratic Action Committee, under the guidance of Mihai Gheorghiu Bujor ; during the period, a group of one hundred Russian Bolsheviks had infiltrated Iaşi with the goal of assassinating King Ferdinand I and organizing a coup.

The denial of the existence of Lenin's testament remained one of the cornerstones of Soviet historiography until Stalin's death on March 5, 1953.

In 1921, at the Livorno Congress of the PSI, he was one of the instigators of the split in the party, when supporters of Vladimir Lenin's Bolshevik line left to form the Italian Communist Party ( PCI ).

Neal Ascherson noted: " Everyone by then could agree that Stalin was a very wicked man and a very evil one, but we still wanted to believe in Lenin ; and Conquest said that Lenin was just as bad and that Stalin was simply carrying out Lenin's programme.

According to Nadezhda Krupskaya, " The Song " became one of Lenin's favorite works by Gorky.

Situations included the trouble caused by the ghost-writing of Ricky's column in The Daily Tits ( parodying The Sun )-a complicated argument in favour of collectivism in Lenin's original was transformed to " I hate all paddies, but I wouldn't mind giving that Gloria Hunniford one " in the paper ; the North-South economic divide in England (" In Crunchthorpe there's a hundred and three per cent unemployment.