Under Lenin the Central Committee functioned like the Politburo did during the post-Stalin era, as the party's leading collective organ.

Under Stalin, the inner-party practice of democratic free debate did not continue after the death of Lenin in 1924.

Leninism Under Lenin.

In his 1914 article “ Disruption of Unity ”, Lenin wrote, " Under cover of ‘ non-factionalism ’ Trotsky is championing the interests of a group abroad which particularly lacks definite principles and has no basis in the working-class movement in Russia.

* Role and Functions of the Trade Unions Under The New Economic Policy V. I. Lenin.

Under Vladimir Lenin, the Soviet Union legalized all abortions in 1920, but in 1936 by Joseph Stalin this was restricted to medically recommended cases only in order to increase population growth.

*" Soviet Music and Society Under Lenin and Stalin: The Baton and the Sickle " by Matt O ' Brien in Azerbaijan International, Vol.

Under the direction of Lenin and Trotsky, the Red Army claimed to adhere to Karl Marx's proclamation that the bourgeoisie could be overcome only by a worldwide revolt of the proletariat, and to this end early Soviet military doctrine focused on spreading the revolution abroad and expanding Soviet influence throughout the world.

Under Stalin, thanks to the influence of Trofim Denisovich Lysenko ( Director of the Soviet Lenin All-Union Institute of Agricultural Sciences ), Mendelian genetics was officially rejected in favour of Lysenkoism, which was derived from the Lamarkian beliefs of horticulturist Ivan Vladimirovich Michurin.

Under Pike's administration the Advocate promoted the viewpoint of the Whig party in a politically volatile and divided Arkansas.

Under Khrushchev the local party leadership in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( Russian SFSR ) witnessed the largest turnover in provincial leaders since the Great Purge ; two out of three provincial leaders were replaced in 1953 alone.

Under Stalin the most powerful position in the party became the General Secretary who was elected by the Politburo.

Under Kenny the party has also strongly opposed the perceived " rip-off " society that has developed in Ireland, advocating reform of stealth taxes and stamp duty.

Under Enda Kenny, the party has questioned Irish neutrality, with Kenny claiming that " the truth is, Ireland is not neutral.

Under a right-wing military dictatorship, Spain saw its political parties banned, except for the official party ( Falange ).

Under some conventions – e. g. the European Convention on Human Rights – individuals or states are permitted, subject to certain conditions, to take individual cases to the enforcement mechanisms ; under most, however ( e. g. the UN conventions ), individual access is contingent on the acceptance of that right by the relevant state party, either by a declaration at the time of ratification or accession, or through ratification of or accession to an optional protocol to the convention.

Under the United States Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, laches is an affirmative defense, which means that the burden of asserting laches is on the party responding to the claim to which it applies.

Under an agreement between President-elect Chamorro of the National Opposition Union ( Unión Nacional Oppositora-UNO ) and the defeated FSLN party, General Humberto Ortega, former defense minister and commander in chief of the EPS under the Sandinistas, remained at the head of the armed forces.

Under Stalin's direction in 1922, the party created departments of the Central Committee and other organs at lower levels that were responsible for the registration and appointment of party officials.

Under Stalin the most powerful position in the party became the General Secretary who was elected by the Politburo.

Under the command economy system, every state owned enterprise was required to have a party committee.

Under the German constitution, a party that wins at least three directly-elected seats is eligible for proportional representation regardless of its nationwide vote total.

Under a parliamentary system it is more likely to produce single party governments than are PR systems, which tend to produce coalition governments.

Under a legalistic interpretation of the ALP rules, Seiffert was readmitted to the party and, together with the support of Geraghty, Premier James McGirr and Labor were able to stay in power.

Under common law, the Statute of Frauds also applies to contract modification: for example, suppose party A makes an oral agreement to lease a car from party B for 9 months.

Under a two-party system, one of the two parties typically holds a majority in the legislature and is usually referred to as the majority party while the other is the minority party.

" Under this definition, any increase in wealth — whether through wages, benefits, bonuses, sale of stock or other property at a profit, bets won, lucky finds, awards of punitive damages in a lawsuit, qui tam actions — are all within the definition of income, unless the Congress makes a specific exemption, as it has for items such as life insurance proceeds received by reason of the death of the insured party, gifts, bequests, devises and inheritances, and certain scholarships.

Under Adams, Sinn Féin appeared to move away from being a political voice of the Provisional IRA to becoming a professionally organised political party in both Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland.

Under a no-fault divorce system, divorce requires no allegation or proof of fault of either party.

Under King Agaja ( ruled 1708 – 1732 ), the kingdom conquered Allada, where the ruling family originated.

Under the " independent tribunal " requirement, the Court has ruled that military judges in Turkish state security courts are incompatible with Article 6.

Under Diocletian, Lusitania kept its borders and was ruled by a praeses, later by a consularis ; finally, in 298 AD, it was united with the other provinces to form the Diocesis Hispaniarum (" Diocese of the Hispanias ").

In February 2010, the Australian judge ruled that " Down Under " did contain a flute riff based on " Kookaburra " but stipulated that neither was it necessarily the hook nor a substantial part of the hit song ( Colin Hay wrote the song years before the flute riff was added by a later member of the band ).

Under Emperor Arnulf of Carinthia, Carantania, now ruled by a mixed Bavarian-Slav nobility, shortly emerged as a regional power, but was destroyed by the Hungarian invasions in the late 9th century.

Under the rules at the time, this was ruled as a safety and thus gave the Rams a 2 – 0 lead.

Under Sarraj Syria was ruled by a brutal security force designed to suppress all opposition to the regime.

Under John's rule the barons had supported an invasion by Prince Louis because they disliked the way that John had ruled the country.

Under this legislation, notice was to be ruled illegal “ where appropriate substitute accommodation not available ; landlords obliged to specify reasons for notice .”

Under the agreement, Charles and the Swedish Privy Council shared power and ruled in Sigsmunds place since he resided in Poland.

Under Slavic influence small political feuds grew ( ruled by knjazes ) but were overwhelmed by the Magyars, who took control of Transilvania and formed the Hungarian Kingdom.

Under the McCain-Feingold law, a federal court in Washington D. C. ruled that Citizens United would be barred from advertising its film.

Under his reign were the golden ages men tell of: in such perfect peace he ruled the nations.

Under the young King Edward VI, Guildford's father became Lord President of the Privy Council and de facto ruled England from 1550 – 1553.

Under both the U. S. Constitution and the N. C. State Constitution in place at the time, the Supreme Court ruled that the 1929 law was unconstitutional as no such provisions existed in the law as written.

Under the Treaty of Constantinople ( 1832 ), Paros became part of the newly independent Kingdom of Greece, the first time the Parians had been ruled by fellow Greeks for over six centuries.

In February 2012, he implied that the UK under the Premiership of Margaret Thatcher was a more fertile ground for dissent in the arts: " Under Thatcher, who ruled us with an iron rod, great art was made.

Under the regencies of his grandmother, Helwig of Holstein, and his mother, Ingeborg of Norway, the countries were ruled by Knut Jonsson and Erling Vidkunsson.

Under Khun Chuang, a single family ruled over a far-flung territory and reinstituted the Siamese administrative system of the seventh century.

Under the terms of the Lambert Charter, which Radama secretly contracted in 1855 with French entrepreneur Joseph-François Lambert while Ranavalona yet ruled, the French were awarded exclusive rights to the exploitation of large tracts of valuable land and other lucrative resources and projects.

Under the Lombards, Spoleto became the capital of an independent duchy, the Duchy of Spoleto ( from 570 ), and its dukes ruled a considerable part of central Italy.

Under this scenario, Chanyu Zhi would be attacked and forced to retreat to the Dingling tribes ( around Lake Baikal ), and Xiongnu would be divided into 15 small kingdoms to be ruled by 15 descendants of Chanyu Huhanye, who had first established friendly relations with Han.

Under the pretext of the collapsed Egyptian financing and a subsequent riot which saw hundreds of Europeans and British subjects murdered or injured, the United Kingdom intervened in nominally Ottoman Egypt, which in turn ruled over the Sudan and what would later become British Somaliland.

On the influence of Pulcheria, Theodosius ruled in favor of Cyril that the title of Theotokos was orthodox, " Under such public pressure Theodosius succumbed to Pulcheria's demands and had Cyril's decree deposing Nestorius read in the Great Church.