Although at first the disagreement appeared to be minor and inspired by personal conflicts, for example, Lenin's insistence on dropping less active editorial board members from Iskra or Martov's support for the Organizing Committee of the Congress which Lenin opposed, the differences quickly grew and the split became irreparable.

Soon, however, the terminology changed to " Bolsheviks " and " Mensheviks ", from the Russian " bolshinstvo " ( majority ) and " menshinstvo " ( minority ), based on the fact that Lenin believed that most of the party stood behind him.

Leon Trotsky at first supported the Mensheviks, but left them in September 1904 over their insistence on an alliance with Russian liberals and their opposition to a reconciliation with Lenin and the Bolsheviks.

He remained a self-described " non-factional social democrat " until August 1917 when he joined Lenin and the Bolsheviks as their positions assembled and he came to believe that Lenin was right on the issue of the party.

With most Bolshevik leaders either supporting Bogdanov or undecided by mid-1908 when the differences became irreconcilable, Lenin concentrated on undermining Bogdanov's reputation as a philosopher.

It was created on December 20, 1917, after a decree issued by Vladimir Lenin, and was subsequently led by aristocrat-turned-communist Felix Dzerzhinsky.

At Moscow, Sun Yat-sen University Portraits of Chiang were hung on the walls ; and, in the Soviet May Day Parades that year, Chiang's portrait was to be carried along with the portraits of Karl Marx, Vladimir Lenin, Joseph Stalin, and other socialist leaders.

The 10th Party Congress also introduced a ban on factionalism within the Communist Party ; however, what Lenin considered to be ' platforms ', such as the Democratic Centralists and the Workers Opposition, were allowed.

The 11th Party Congress would prove to be the last congress chaired by Lenin, he suffered one stroke in May 1922, was paralysed by a second in December later that year, was removed from public life in March 1923 and died on 21 January 1924.

" Trotsky did face a problem however: he had previously disagreed with Lenin on several matters.

Stalin had managed to turn Lenin's hierarchical model on its head ; under Lenin the Party Congress and the Central Committee were the highest decision-making organs, under Stalin the Politburo, Secretariat and the Orgburo became the most important decision-making bodies.

Lenin regarded colonialism as the root cause of imperialism, as imperialism was distinguished by monopoly capitalism via colonialism and as Lyal S. Sunga explains: " Vladimir Lenin advocated forcefully the principle of self-determination of peoples in his " Theses on the Socialist Revolution and the Right of Nations to Self-Determination " as an integral plank in the programme of socialist internationalism " and he quotes Lenin who contended that " The right of nations to self-determination implies exclusively the right to independence in the political sense, the right to free political separation from the oppressor nation.

It was then celebrated in the USSR each year on August 27, the day on which Vladimir Lenin signed a decree to nationalise the country's cinematic and photographic industries.

Lenin calculated that the Bolsheviks could perhaps hold central parts of Russia but would have to give up some territories on its periphery, including Finland in the less important north-western corner.

When the conflict began, Lenin tried to commit the army on behalf of Red Finland, but the troops were demoralized, war-weary and home-sick after years of World War I.

( critical account which focusses on incoherencies in the thought of Marx, Engels and Lenin )

Lenin wrote extensively on the matter and famously declared that Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism.

* 1990 – An earthquake with its epicenter in Afghanistan results in the greatest number of fatalities in a mountaineering accident in High Asian mountains when an avalanche kills 43 climbers in Camp I on Pik Lenina ( Lenin Peak ).

Movie theaters in the Soviet Union showed newsreels and clips of Chiang, at Moscow Sun Yat-sen University Portraits of Chiang were hung on the walls, and in the Soviet May Day Parades that year, Chiang's portrait was to be carried along with the portraits of Karl Marx, Lenin, Stalin, and other socialist leaders.

Chernenko was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour, 1976, in 1981 and in 1984 he was awarded Hero of the Socialist Labour: on the latter occasion, Minister of Defence Ustinov underlined his rule as an " outstanding political figure, a loyal and unwavering continuer of the cause of the great Lenin "; in 1981 he was awarded with the Bulgarian Order of Georgi Dimitrov and in 1982 he received the Lenin Prize for his " Human Rights in Soviet Society.

Leon Trotsky, though, states it is highly unlikely that Lenin made the statement, knowing that Lenin was a supporter of terrorism until the early 1890s, and the fact that in the house at that time Lenin was alone with his brother Dmitri ( aged 13 ) and his sister Maria ( aged 9 ).

* Lenin Peak ( 7134m )-August 2, 1975, July 28, 1982, August 6, 1982, July 13, 1983, August 2, 1983

* Five Orders of Lenin ( 22 February 1938, 29 July 1944, 21 February 1945, 13 October 1962, 13 October 1967 )

Originally, the members of the Cheka were exclusively Bolshevik ; however, in January 1918, the Left SRs also joined the organization The Left SRs were expelled or arrested later in 1918, following the attempted assassination of Lenin by an SR, Fanni Kaplan.

In January 1912, the majority of the Bolshevik faction led by Lenin and a few Mensheviks held a conference in Prague and expelled their opponents from the party.

Lenin did not mind prolonging the negotiating process for maximum propaganda effect, but, from January 1918 on, advocated signing a separate peace treaty if faced with a German ultimatum.

After Lenin ’ s death ( 21 January 1924 ), Trotsky ideologically battled the influence of Stalin, who formed ruling blocs within the Russian Communist Party ( with Grigory Zinoviev and Lev Kamenev, then with Nikolai Bukharin, and then by himself ) and so determined soviet government policy from 1924 onwards.

When Lenin died in January 1924, the testament was read out to a meeting of the party's Central Committee.

Civil warfare intensified after Lenin dissolved the Russian Constituent Assembly ( 5 – 6 January 1918 ) and the Soviet government signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk ( 3 March 1918 ) removing Russia from the Great War.

On 25 January 1918, at the Petrograd Soviet, Lenin declared " Long live the world socialist revolution!

On 26 January 1918, the day after assuming executive power, Lenin wrote Draft Regulations on Workers ' Control, which granted workers control of businesses with more than five workers and office employees, and access to all books, documents and stocks, and whose decisions were to be " binding upon the owners of the enterprises ".

* January 21 – Following the death of Vladimir Lenin, Joseph Stalin immediately begins to purge his rivals to clear the way for his leadership.

* January 23 – The Soviet Union officially declares that Lenin died January 21.

* January 27 – Lenin is buried in Lenin Mausoleum in Moscow's Red Square.

In January 1912, Kamenev helped Lenin and Zinoviev to convince the Prague Conference of Bolshevik delegates to split from the Mensheviks and Otzovists.

Lenin died in January 1924 and in May his Testament was read aloud at the Central Committee but Zinoviev and Kamenev argued that Lenin's objections had proven groundless and that Stalin should remain General Secretary.

* Eight Orders of Lenin ( 1933, 1945, 1947, January 1949, December 1949, 1953, 1958, 1968 )

*: Commemorates Bloody Sunday on 9 January 1905 ( Julian ) or 22 January 1905 ( Gregorian ) and the death of Vladimir Lenin on ( Gregorian )

Lenin outlined his thoughts on the NEP in more detail in his article On Cooperation, published in January 1923:

* Four Orders of Lenin ( January 22, 1969 October 22, 1969 April 30, 1971, January 15, 1976 )

After the death of Lenin in January 1924, Thälmann visited Moscow and for some time maintained a guard of honour at his bier.

* Three Orders of Lenin ( 30 September 1943, November 1945, January 1952 )