At the same time that the Zurich Dadaists made noise and spectacle at the Cabaret Voltaire, Vladimir Lenin wrote his revolutionary plans for Russia in a nearby apartment.

In 1906, Lenin wrote his paper: Guerrilla Warfare.

Lenin, who was trying to establish a permanent majority against Plekhanov within Iskra, expected Trotsky, then 23, to side with the new guard and wrote in March 1903:

Trotsky was so upset by what he saw as a usurpation of his newspaper's name that in April 1913 he wrote a letter to Nikolay Chkheidze, a Menshevik leader, bitterly denouncing Lenin and the Bolsheviks.

In response to the outbreak of World War I, Lenin wrote his book Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism from 1915 to 1916 and published in 1917 in which he argued that capitalism directly leads to imperialism.

Vladimir Lenin wrote that appointments were to take the following criteria into account: reliability, political attitude, qualifications, and administrative ability.

In September 1917 V. I. Lenin wrote " There is only one way to prevent the restoration of the police, and that is to create a people's militia and to fuse it with the army ( the standing army to be replaced by the arming of the entire people ).

On 26 January 1918, the day after assuming executive power, Lenin wrote Draft Regulations on Workers ' Control, which granted workers control of businesses with more than five workers and office employees, and access to all books, documents and stocks, and whose decisions were to be " binding upon the owners of the enterprises ".

In 1914 Vladmir Lenin wrote: " would be wrong to interpret the right to self-determination as meaning anything but the right to existence as a separate state.

The following day Lenin wrote a proclamation calling Zinoviev and Kamenev " deserters " and never forgot their behavior, eventually making an ambiguous reference to their " October episode " in his Testament.

The following day, Lenin wrote a proclamation calling Zinoviev and Kamenev " deserters ".

Vladimir Lenin wrote: " After his friend Karl Marx ( who died in 1883 ), Engels was the finest scholar and teacher of the modern proletariat in the whole civilised world ....

In 1908, Lenin wrote a philosophical work, Materialism and Empirio-Criticism ( published 1909 ), in which he criticized Machism and the views of " Russian Machists ".

In his 1914 article “ Disruption of Unity ”, Lenin wrote, " Under cover of ‘ non-factionalism ’ Trotsky is championing the interests of a group abroad which particularly lacks definite principles and has no basis in the working-class movement in Russia.

Assessing Trotsky, Lenin wrote, " Trotsky long ago said that unification is impossible.

MacDiarmid wrote a number of long poems, including On a Raised Beach, Three Hymns to Lenin and In Memoriam James Joyce, in which he incorporated materials from science, linguistics, history and even found poems based on texts from the Times Literary Supplement.

" The services he rendered in the past ," Lenin wrote of Plekhanov, " were immense.

Among those who have referenced the novel include Lenin, who wrote a work of political theory of the same name.

In 1922, he interviewed Vladimir Lenin and, in 1923, got expelled from the Soviet Union, along with three colleagues, for disguising news reports as personal letters ; a letter his publisher wrote for the Soviets only facilitated his expulsion.

In a 10 February 1922, letter to the Soviet Foreign Affairs Commissar Georgy Chicherin in relation to the Genoa Conference, Lenin wrote pejoratively:

At the same time, Lenin offered Poles the territories of Minsk, Zhytomyr, Khmelnytskyi, in what was described as mini " Brest "; Polish military leader Kazimierz Sosnkowski wrote that the territorial proposals of the Bolsheviks were much better than what the Poles had wanted to achieve.

They had very little communication while in prison but before leaving for Siberia, Lenin wrote a " secret note " to Krupskaya that was delivered by her mother.

Lenin also wrote to the convention urging participation in parliament, something which was agreed by 189 votes to 19.

However Yuri Slezkine who received the National Jewish Book Award for his book " The Jewish Century " published by Princeton University Press in 2004 wrote in that very same book: " Early in the Civil War, in June 1918, Lenin ordered the killing of Nicholas II and his family.

" In this they borrowed extensively from the Austro-Marxist school, further alienating the Bolsheviks and Lenin.

In contrast, some of his works were quoted extensively by Lenin in the latter's philosophical polemic, Materialism and Empiriocriticism – notably the second last work as against the very last which is ignored entirely.

Although at first the disagreement appeared to be minor and inspired by personal conflicts, for example, Lenin's insistence on dropping less active editorial board members from Iskra or Martov's support for the Organizing Committee of the Congress which Lenin opposed, the differences quickly grew and the split became irreparable.

Soon, however, the terminology changed to " Bolsheviks " and " Mensheviks ", from the Russian " bolshinstvo " ( majority ) and " menshinstvo " ( minority ), based on the fact that Lenin believed that most of the party stood behind him.

Leon Trotsky at first supported the Mensheviks, but left them in September 1904 over their insistence on an alliance with Russian liberals and their opposition to a reconciliation with Lenin and the Bolsheviks.

He remained a self-described " non-factional social democrat " until August 1917 when he joined Lenin and the Bolsheviks as their positions assembled and he came to believe that Lenin was right on the issue of the party.

With most Bolshevik leaders either supporting Bogdanov or undecided by mid-1908 when the differences became irreconcilable, Lenin concentrated on undermining Bogdanov's reputation as a philosopher.

It was created on December 20, 1917, after a decree issued by Vladimir Lenin, and was subsequently led by aristocrat-turned-communist Felix Dzerzhinsky.

At Moscow, Sun Yat-sen University Portraits of Chiang were hung on the walls ; and, in the Soviet May Day Parades that year, Chiang's portrait was to be carried along with the portraits of Karl Marx, Vladimir Lenin, Joseph Stalin, and other socialist leaders.

The 10th Party Congress also introduced a ban on factionalism within the Communist Party ; however, what Lenin considered to be ' platforms ', such as the Democratic Centralists and the Workers Opposition, were allowed.

The 11th Party Congress would prove to be the last congress chaired by Lenin, he suffered one stroke in May 1922, was paralysed by a second in December later that year, was removed from public life in March 1923 and died on 21 January 1924.

" Trotsky did face a problem however: he had previously disagreed with Lenin on several matters.

Stalin had managed to turn Lenin's hierarchical model on its head ; under Lenin the Party Congress and the Central Committee were the highest decision-making organs, under Stalin the Politburo, Secretariat and the Orgburo became the most important decision-making bodies.

Lenin regarded colonialism as the root cause of imperialism, as imperialism was distinguished by monopoly capitalism via colonialism and as Lyal S. Sunga explains: " Vladimir Lenin advocated forcefully the principle of self-determination of peoples in his " Theses on the Socialist Revolution and the Right of Nations to Self-Determination " as an integral plank in the programme of socialist internationalism " and he quotes Lenin who contended that " The right of nations to self-determination implies exclusively the right to independence in the political sense, the right to free political separation from the oppressor nation.

It was then celebrated in the USSR each year on August 27, the day on which Vladimir Lenin signed a decree to nationalise the country's cinematic and photographic industries.

Lenin calculated that the Bolsheviks could perhaps hold central parts of Russia but would have to give up some territories on its periphery, including Finland in the less important north-western corner.

Lenin on 13 January.

When the conflict began, Lenin tried to commit the army on behalf of Red Finland, but the troops were demoralized, war-weary and home-sick after years of World War I.

( critical account which focusses on incoherencies in the thought of Marx, Engels and Lenin )

* 1990 – An earthquake with its epicenter in Afghanistan results in the greatest number of fatalities in a mountaineering accident in High Asian mountains when an avalanche kills 43 climbers in Camp I on Pik Lenina ( Lenin Peak ).

Movie theaters in the Soviet Union showed newsreels and clips of Chiang, at Moscow Sun Yat-sen University Portraits of Chiang were hung on the walls, and in the Soviet May Day Parades that year, Chiang's portrait was to be carried along with the portraits of Karl Marx, Lenin, Stalin, and other socialist leaders.

Chernenko was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour, 1976, in 1981 and in 1984 he was awarded Hero of the Socialist Labour: on the latter occasion, Minister of Defence Ustinov underlined his rule as an " outstanding political figure, a loyal and unwavering continuer of the cause of the great Lenin "; in 1981 he was awarded with the Bulgarian Order of Georgi Dimitrov and in 1982 he received the Lenin Prize for his " Human Rights in Soviet Society.