** Pope Leo IX

The Catholic anti-liberalism was led by Pope Pius IX ; his death in 1878 allowed Bismarck to open negotiations with Pope Leo XIII, and led to the abandonment of the Kulturkampf in stages in the early 1880s.

* 1053 – Battle of Civitate: 3, 000 horsemen of Norman Count Humphrey rout the troops of Pope Leo IX.

Guillermi's version is mostly copied from other works with small additions or excisions from the papal biographies of Pandulf, nephew of Hugo of Alatri, which in turn was copied almost verbatim from the original Liber Pontificalis ( with the notable exception of the biography of Pope Leo IX ), then from other sources until Pope Honorius II ( 1124 – 1130 ), and with contemporary information from Pope Paschal II ( 1099 – 1118 to Pope Urban II ( 1088 – 1099 ).

The two were married in 1053 or 1054 in the church of San Pietro at Mantua by Pope Leo IX himself as he returned from a trip to Germany.

Pius IX died that same year, replaced by a more pragmatic Pope Leo XIII who negotiated away most of the anti-Catholic laws.

In 1049, Leo IX became pope, at last a pope with the character to face the papacy's problems.

Only three other popes – Pius IX, Leo XIII, and John Paul II – have reigned for longer periods since.

Pope Leo IX may have lifted the ban on him.

After about a year in Cluny, Hildebrand returned to Rome in January 1049 with the new Pope Leo IX ( Bruno of Toul ), successor of Popes Clement II and Damasus II.

Frederick, who had been raised to the cardinalate by Pope Leo IX, for some time discharged the function of papal legate at Constantinople.

He was with Leo IX in his expedition against the Normans and at one time had to take refuge from Emperor Henry II in Monte Cassino.

After the death of Pope Leo IX, a Roman delegation headed by Hildebrand, later Pope Gregory VII, travelled to Mainz and asked the Emperor for the nomination of a successor.

About this time he was brought to the notice of St. Leo IX, and it is probable that the pope employed him at Benevento to negotiate peace with the Normans after the fatal battle of Civitate.

Pope Leo IX ( in office 1049 to 1054 ) also had family ties to the dynasty, since his grandfather Hugo III was the brother of Adelheid, the grandmother of Henry III.

The union was arranged in 1049, but Pope Leo IX forbade the marriage at the Council of Rheims in October 1049.

* 1053: the Norman commander Humphrey of Hauteville is victorious in the Battle of Civitate against the Lombards and the papal coalition led by Rudolf of Benevento ; Pope Leo IX himself is captured by the Normans.

* Leo IX, Pope

* February 20 – Pope Leo XIII succeeds Pope Pius IX as the 256th pope.

* June 21 – Pope Leo IX ( d. 1054 )

* April 13 – Pope Victor II succeeds Pope Leo IX as the 153rd pope.

* July 16 – Cardinal Humbertus, a representative of Pope Leo IX, and Michael Cerularius, Patriarch of Constantinople, decree each other's excommunication.

* April 19 – Pope Leo IX ( b. 1002 )

* June 18 – Battle of Civitate: 3, 000 horsemen of Norman Count Humphrey rout the troops of Pope Leo IX.

He then accompanied Abbot Bruno of Toul to Rome ; there, Bruno was elected Pope, choosing the name Leo IX, and named Hildebrand as deacon and papal administrator.

In 1884, he was created by Pope Leo XIII Archbishop of Caesarea in partibus and sent to India as an Apostolic Delegate to report on the establishment of the hierarchy there.

In 853, at the age of four, Alfred is said to have been sent to Rome where, according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, he was confirmed by Pope Leo IV who " anointed him as king ".

Entering the service of Eberhard, prince-bishop of Liège, he was sent by that prelate on a mission to Rome, where Pope Leo X retained him, giving him ( 1519 ) the office of librarian of the Vatican.

Hoping to avoid the sack of Rome herself, Emperor Valentinian III sent three envoys, the high civilian officers Gennadius Avienus and Trigetius, as well as the Bishop of Rome Leo I, who met Attila at Mincio in the vicinity of Mantua, and obtained from him the promise that he would withdraw from Italy and negotiate peace with the emperor.

Hincmar, Archbishop of Reims, informed Nicholas I that a messenger whom he had sent to Leo IV learned on his way of the death of this Pope, and therefore handed his petition to Benedict III, who decided it ( Hincmar, ep.

In 728, Leo sent to Italy a new exarch, Eutychius, to try to retrieve the situation.

Leo responded by trying to bring the Pope under control, although the fleet he sent to enforce the imperial will was shipwrecked in the Adriatic Sea.

His resistance was successful, and the Emperor Leo VI sent the him into exile.

At the very beginning of Leo I's pontificate, in the years 444 – 447, Turribius, bishop of Astorga in León, sent to Rome a memorandum warning that Priscillianism was by no means dead, reporting that it numbered even bishops among its supporters, and asking the aid of the Roman See.

It is the greatest fleet ever sent against the Vandals and brings Leo near to bankruptcy.

Leo sent Hildebrand as his legate to Tours in France in the wake of the controversy created by Berengar of Tours.

Leo sent a new nuncio to Copenhagen ( 1521 ) in the person of the Minorite Francesco de Potentia, who readily absolved the king and received the rich bishopric of Skara.

* March 12 – A huge exotic embassy sent by King Manuel I of Portugal to Pope Leo X defiles in Rome.

It reports that Leo III sent forged documents to the caliph which implicated John in a plot to attack Damascus.

In response, the Emperor sent three envoys to negotiate with Attila: Gennadius Avienus, one of the consuls of 450, Memmius Aemilius Trygetius, the former urban prefect, and Leo.

When the council had concluded, the decrees were sent to Rome where they were confirmed by Agatho's successor, Pope Leo II The subsequent Byzantine tradition came to interpret the decrees in line with the teaching of Maximus the Confessor, which brilliantly combined a recognition ( shared with the monotheletes ) that all Christ's individual actions were directed by his divine will with an insistence that his human will nevertheless possessed true spontaneity, in virtue of its intrinsic drive ( as created ) to obey its Creator.

Pope Leo X sent a letter to James threatening him with ecclesiatical censure for breaking peace treaties on 28 June 1513, and subsequently James was excommunicated by Cardinal Christopher Bainbridge.

In 472 Olybrius was sent to Italy by the Eastern Emperor, Leo I the Thracian, ostensibly to mediate between Ricimer and the Western Emperor, Anthemius, whom Ricimer had trapped in a siege of Rome.

This version implies that Olybrius was secretly supported by the Emperor Leo, which explains why Leo sent him there, something three of our sources -- Theophanes, the Paschal Chronicle, and Paullus Diaconus — state.

In late 2006, the foundation sent out a holiday card featuring a picture of Electric Cord ( 1961 ), a painting that had been missing since 1970 after being sent out to art restorer Daniel Goldreyer by the Leo Castelli Gallery.

J. Barmby, Hormisdas made several demands: ( 1 ) The emperor should publicly announce his acceptance of the council of Chalcedon and the letters of Pope Leo ; ( 2 ) the Eastern bishops should make a similar public declaration, and in addition anathematize Nestorius, Eutyches, Dioscorus, Aelurus, Peter Mongus, Peter the Fuller, and Acacius, with all their followers ; ( 3 ) everyone exiled in this dispute should be recalled and their cases reserved for the judgment of the Apostolic See ; ( 4 ) those exiles who had been in communion with Rome and professed Catholicism should first be recalled ; and ( 5 ) bishops accused of having persecuted the orthodox should be sent to Rome to be judged.

Before his death, Leo IX had sent a legatine mission under Cardinal Humbert of Silva Candida to Constantinople to negotiate with Patriarch Michael I Cerularius in response to his actions concerning the church in Southern Italy.