Lindzen has stated that due to the non-linear effects of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, CO < sub > 2 </ sub > levels are now around 30 % higher than pre-industrial levels but temperatures have responded by about 75 % of the expected value for a doubling of CO < sub > 2 </ sub >.

A May 1, 2012 New York Times article said that " at gatherings of climate change skeptics ... Dr. Lindzen has been treated as a star ", but that in the view of " the scientific majority ... he has gone beyond any reasonable reading of the evidence to provide a dangerous alibi for inaction.

In 2001 Lindzen served on an 11-member panel organized by the National Academy of Sciences.

Lindzen worked on Chapter 7 of 2001 IPCC Working Group 1, which considers the physical processes that are active in real world climate.

Lindzen first published this " iris " theory in 2001 < ref name =" eaps ">, and offered more support in a 2009 paper, but today " most mainstream researchers consider Dr. Lindzen ’ s theory discredited.

* Testimony of Richard S. Lindzen Before the Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works 2001

In particular, there was still no observational evidence of the westward-traveling " Kelvin " waves ; Lindzen postulated their existence theoretically .< ref > Actually, the evidence was coming in at the time, see However, Lindzen says in his 1987 recollections that he did not see this study until after the Lindzen and Holton ( 1968 ) paper was already submitted ( 1987, p. 330 ).</ ref >

Jerry Mahlman, director of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, did not accept Lindzen's assessment of the science, and said that Lindzen had " sacrificed his luminosity by taking a stand that most of us feel is scientifically unsound.

" Mahlman did, however, admit that Lindzen was a " formidable opponent.

Lindzen subsequently publicly criticized the report summary for leaving out doubts about the weight that could be placed on 20 years of temperature records.

It was Lindzen, in his 1966 paper, On the theory of the diurnal tide ,< ref > who showed that the solution set of Hough functions given by Bernard Haurwitz to Laplace's tidal equation was incomplete: modes with negative equivalent depths had been omitted.

While holding the position of Research Scientist at the National Center for Atmospheric Research ( NCAR ) in Boulder, Colorado, Lindzen was noticed and befriended by Professor Sydney Chapman, who had contributed to the theory of atmospheric tides in a number of papers from the 1920s through to the 1940s.

In his 1968 paper with James R. Holton, A theory of the quasi-biennial oscillation, Lindzen presented his theory of the QBO after testing it in a two-dimensional ( 2-D ) numerical model that had been developed by Holton and John M. Wallace .< ref > They showed that the QBO could be driven by vertically propagating gravity waves with phase speeds in both westward and eastward directions and that the oscillation arose through a mechanism involving a two-way feedback between the waves and the mean flow.

" John Wallace of the University of Washington agreed with Lindzen that progress in climate change science had been exaggerated, but said there are " relatively few scientists who are as skeptical of the whole thing as Dick is.

Lindzen had been willing to bet that global temperatures would drop over the next 20 years.

The Lindzen and Goody ( 1965 ) study has been widely cited as foundational in the exact modeling of middle atmosphere ozone photochemistry.

Lindzen's work on ozone photochemistry has been important in studies that look at the effects that anthropogenic ozone depletion will have on climate .< ref > See for instance the widely cited study The Lindzen and Blake formalism is used in the parameterization of radiative-photochemical damping ( see Appendix A ).</ ref >

Lindzen has been characterized as a contrarian, in relation to climate change and other issues.

Lindzen is an ISI highly cited researcher, and his biography has been included in American Men and Women of Science.

It has been popularized by Richard Lindzen in reference to government funded scientists and labs that use their research results to justify continued government funding.

A similar hypothesis put forth by Richard Lindzen is the iris hypothesis in which an increase in tropical sea surface temperatures results in less cirrus clouds and thus more infrared radiation emitted to space .< ref >

In 1967, along with his NCAR colleague, Douglas D. McKenzie, Lindzen extended the theory to include a term for Newtonian cooling due to emission of infrared radiation by carbon dioxide in the stratosphere along with ozone photochemical processes, and then in 1968 he showed that the theory also predicted that the semi-diurnal oscillation would be insensitive to variations in the temperature profile, which is why it is observed so much more strongly and regularly at the surface.

In the years following the publication of Lindzen and Holton ( 1968 ), more observational evidence became available, and Lindzen's fundamental insight into the mechanism driving the QBO was confirmed.

In the 1970s it was recognized by Richard Lindzen and James Holton that the periodic wind reversal was driven by atmospheric waves emanating from the tropical troposphere that travel upwards and are dissipated in the stratosphere by radiative cooling.

The op-ed section routinely publishes articles by scientists skeptical of the theory of global warming, including several essays by Richard Lindzen of MIT.

Richard Siegmund Lindzen ( born February 8, 1940 ) is an American atmospheric physicist and Alfred P. Sloan Professor of Meteorology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Lindzen is known for his work in the dynamics of the middle atmosphere, atmospheric tides and ozone photochemistry.

Lindzen attended the Bronx High School of Science ( winning Regents ' and National Merit Scholarships ,) Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and Harvard University.

Lindzen has published papers on Hadley circulation, monsoon meteorology, planetary atmospheres, hydrodynamic instability, mid-latitude weather, global heat transport, the water cycle, ice ages, seasonal atmospheric effects.

Lindzen went on to calculate the thermal response of the diurnal tide to ozone and water vapor absorption in detail and showed that when his theoretical developments were included, the surface pressure oscillation was predicted with approximately the magnitude and phase observed, as were most of the features of the diurnal wind oscillations in the mesosphere.

Lindzen recalls his discovery of the mechanism underlying the QBO in the semi-autobiographical review article, On the development of the theory of the QBO .< ref > His interest in the phenomenon began in 1961 when his Ph. D. advisor, Richard M. Goody, speculated that the 26 month relaxation time for stratospheric ozone at in the tropics might somehow be related to the 26 month period of the QBO, and suggested investigation of this idea as a thesis topic.

He noticed from his equations that eastward-traveling waves ( known as Rossby waves since their discovery in 1939 by Carl-Gustav Rossby ) and westward-traveling waves ( which Lindzen himself helped in establishing as " atmospheric Kelvin waves ") with periods less than five days were " vertically trapped.

" At the same time, an important paper by Booker and Bretherton ( 1967 ) appeared, which Lindzen read with great interest.

A Yank writing from Vicksburg, May 28, 1863, stated: `` not less than 50 balls have passed over me since I commenced writing.

A May 1942 personal security form stated:

In May 2010, the band stated on their website that they were " back in the studio working on some new songs " and later revealed that they were " in the final stages of recording the album ".

As stated above, the government of former president Mobutu Sese Seko was toppled by a rebellion led by Laurent Kabila in May 1997, with the support of Rwanda and Uganda.

So in May 1893 a new regulation to all chiefs of police, stated that the police should not intervene, if the two last fields in the flag were longer than 6 / 4 as long as these did not exceed 7 / 4, and provided that this was the only rule violated.

The showdown of Rob, Dawn and May's storyline where May stated to Dawn she could give her an elective caesarean ( Dawn being handcuffed to the bed ) prompted 200 complaints.

As of May 2007, the Vatican website stated that there were some 406, 411 priests serving the Church worldwide.

Acknowledging the controversy, Paul VI in a letter to the Congress of German Catholics ( Aug. 30, 1968 ), stated: " May the lively debate aroused by our encyclical lead to a better knowledge of God ’ s will.

Polk then made this the casus belli, and in a message to Congress on May 11, 1846, he stated that Mexico had " invaded our territory and shed American blood upon the American soil.

The Meriden Daily Journal stated that Davis, at a reception held in New Orleans in May 1887, urged southerners to be loyal to the nation.

In May 2001, amid rumors that he was the biological father of film director Michael Bay, Frankenheimer stated he had a brief relationship with Bay's birth mother.

He traveled to Afghanistan in May 2001, contrary to reports after his arrest that implied or stated that he traveled to Afghanistan to kill Americans after 9 / 11.

Scott Norvell, the London bureau chief for Fox News, stated in a May 20, 2005 interview with the Wall Street Journal that:

Maurice Merleau-Ponty () ( 14 March 1908 – 3 May 1961 ) was a French phenomenological philosopher, strongly influenced by Karl Marx, Edmund Husserl, and Martin Heidegger in addition to being closely associated with Jean-Paul Sartre ( who later stated he had been " converted " to Marxism by Merleau-Ponty ) and Simone de Beauvoir.

The original PLO Charter ( issued on 28 May 1964 ) stated that " Palestine with its boundaries that existed at the time of the British mandate is an integral regional unit " and sought to " prohibit ... the existence and activity " of Zionism.

stated in this 1913 article that they formed the Westchester Club AFTER the " first " outdoor game was played on 13 May 1876.

It is commonly stated as fact that Maid Marian and a jolly friar ( at least partly identifiable with Friar Tuck ) entered the legend through the May Games.

In a position paper released May 17, 2012, the Pan American Health Organization ( PAHO ) stated that services that purport to " cure " people with a non-heterosexual sexual orientation lack medical justification and represent a serious threat to the health and well-being of affected people, and noted that there is a professional consensus that homosexuality is a natural variation of human sexuality and cannot be regarded as a pathological condition.

However, On Digital Media ( ODM ), have stated that they are on track to begin sale of their product in May 2010, and that prices will be significantly cheaper than their competitor DStv.

In May, 1946, Project RAND had released the Preliminary Design of an Experimental World-Circling Spaceship, which stated, " A satellite vehicle with appropriate instrumentation can be expected to be one of the most potent scientific tools of the Twentieth Century.

After a controversy about an earlier remark, U. S. Homeland Secretary Janet Napolitano stated in May 2009 that the 9 / 11 Commission found that none of the hijackers entered the United States through Canada.

At a 28 May 2009 meeting in Dubrovnik, Croatia, it was stated that the 2008 format of one ski jump hill followed by the 10 km cross country skiing event passed the test, resulting in a doubling of television coverage from the previous season.

Brian May stated: " I'd never seen anything like that in my life and it wasn't calculated either.

On May 3, 2008, Pope Benedict XVI stated that the Rosary was experiencing a new springtime: " It is one of the most eloquent signs of love that the young generation nourish for Jesus and his Mother.

In May 1951, in Genetic Psychology Monographs volume 43, page 204, Anne Roe gives a transcript of an interview ( part of a Thematic Apperception Test, asking impressions on a photograph ) with Theoretical Physicist number 3: "... As for himself he realized that this was the inexorable working of the second law of the thermodynamics which stated Murphy's law ‘ If anything can go wrong it will ’.