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Lisp Machine Lisp was also the Lisp dialect with the most influence on the design of Common Lisp.
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Lisp and Machine
Such a description language can be based on any computer programming language, such as Lisp, Pascal, or Java Virtual Machine bytecode.
; Armed Bear Common Lisp: A CL implementation that runs on the Java Virtual Machine.
Lisp Machines ( from Symbolics, TI and Xerox ) provided implementations of Common Lisp in addition to their native Lisp dialect ( Lisp Machine Lisp or InterLisp ).
The operating systems were written in Lisp Machine Lisp, InterLisp ( Xerox ) and later partly in Common Lisp.
* Lisp Machine Manual, Chinual
** " The Lisp Machine manual, 4th Edition, July 1981 "
** " The Lisp Machine manual, 6th Edition, HTML / XSL version "
** " The Lisp Machine manual "
* Jaap Weel's Lisp Machine Webpage – ( A collection of links and locally stored documents appertaining to all manner of Lisp machines )
* Ralf Möller's Symbolics Lisp Machine Museum
* Rainer Joswig's web page with Lisp Machine videos and screen shots
fr: Machine Lisp
The Lisp Machine was the first commercially available " workstation " ( although that word had not yet been coined ).
The operating system and software development environment, over 500, 000 lines, was written in Lisp from the microcode up, based on MIT's Lisp Machine Lisp.
The Lisp Machine system software was then copyrighted by MIT, and was licensed to Symbolics.
Richard Stallman's account claims Symbolics engaged in a business tactic in which it forced MIT to make all fixes and improvements to the Lisp Machine OS available only to it, and thereby choke off its competitor LMI, which at that time had insufficient resources to independently maintain or develop the OS and environment.
Lisp and was
In the sense that most modern languages are " algol-like ", it was arguably the most successful of the four high level programming languages with which it was roughly contemporary, Fortran, Lisp, and COBOL.
William Frederick Schelter ( 1947 – July 30, 2001 ) was a professor of mathematics at The University of Texas at Austin and a Lisp developer and programmer.
Common Lisp was developed to standardize the divergent variants of Lisp ( though mainly the MacLisp variants ) which predated it, thus it is not an implementation but rather a language specification.
Scheme introduced the sole use of lexically scoped variables to Lisp ; an inspiration from ALGOL 68 which was widely recognized as a good idea.
CCL was previously known as OpenMCL, but that name is no longer used, to avoid confusion with the open source version of Macintosh Common Lisp.
Garbage collection was invented by John McCarthy around 1959 to solve problems in Lisp.
The development of expert systems was aided by the development of the symbolic processing languages Lisp and Prolog.
Unlike Common Lisp, Scheme existed at the time Stallman was rewriting Gosling Emacs into GNU Emacs, but he chose not to use it because of its comparatively poor performance on workstations, and he wanted to develop a dialect which he thought would be more easily optimized.
An early functional-flavored language was Lisp, developed by John McCarthy while at Massachusetts Institute of Technology ( MIT ) for the IBM 700 / 7000 series scientific computers in the late 1950s.
The original Interim Mail Access Protocol was implemented as a Xerox Lisp machine client and a TOPS-20 server.
It was one of the first Common Lisp implementations ever, and exposed a number of holes and mistakes in the specification that had gone unnoticed.
GNU Common Lisp ( GCL ) was derived from AKCL.
Embeddable Common Lisp ( ECL ) was also derived from KCL.
Lisp was originally created as a practical mathematical notation for computer programs, influenced by the notation of Alonzo Church's lambda calculus.
Lisp was invented by John McCarthy in 1958 while he was at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology ( MIT ).
Information Processing Language was the first AI language, from 1955 or 1956, and already included many of the concepts, such as list-processing and recursion, which came to be used in Lisp.
The power requirements of AI research were exacerbated by the Lisp symbolic programming language, when commercial hardware was designed and optimized for assembly-and Fortran-like programming languages.
Emacs was originally devised as a set of macros in the editing language TECO ; it was later ported to dialects of Lisp.
It was also influenced by Eiffel and Lisp.
First released in 1997, REBOL was designed over a 20 year period by Carl Sassenrath, the architect and primary developer of AmigaOS, based on his study of denotational semantics and using concepts from the programming languages Lisp, Forth, Logo, and Self.
Scheme was the first dialect of Lisp to choose lexical scope and the first to require implementations to perform tail-call optimization.
Lisp and also
CL follows the older Lisp convention of using the symbols T and NIL, with NIL standing also for the empty list.
There are also compilers that compile Common Lisp code to C code.
It can also compile Lisp code to machine code via a C compiler.
It is also possible to embed ECL in C programs, and C code into Common Lisp programs.
There also exist open-source applications written in Common Lisp, such as:
Emacs Lisp can also function as a scripting language, much like the Unix Bourne shell, Perl, Python, scsh, or GNU Guile.
The interchangeability of code and data also gives Lisp its instantly recognizable syntax.
It also has a dynamic type system and automatic memory management ; it is therefore similar in varying respects to Smalltalk, Python, Perl, Lisp, Dylan, Pike, and CLU.
w3m is also used by the Emacs text editor via the w3m. el Emacs Lisp module.
Yacc has also been rewritten for other languages, including Ratfor, ML, Ada, Pascal, Java, Python, Ruby and Common Lisp.
Although many of these also apply to non-functional languages, they either originate in, are most easily implemented in, or are particularly critical in functional languages such as Lisp and ML.
Several other Lisp dialects were also in use, and the need to unify the community resulted in the modern Common Lisp language.
The Lisp Machine Manual ( also known as the Chinual ) describes the Lisp Machine Lisp language in detail.
This means that Lisp is homoiconic, that is, the primary representation of programs is also a data structure in a primitive type of the language itself.
NewtonScript is also one of the conceptual ancestors ( together with Smalltalk, Self, Act1, Lisp and Lua ) of a recently created general-purpose programming language called Io.
Later Symbolics also supported Common Lisp and the Common Lisp Object System.
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