However, there is a growing number of scientists who believes the Litopterna ( together with other South-American ungulates ) originated completely independently from the other ungulates, thus are unrelated to the condylarths.

The Litopterna, like the notoungulates and pyrotheres, are examples of ungulate mammals that arose relatively independently in " splendid isolation " on the island continent of South America.

This tree shows a proposed ancestry of several mammals including the Litopterna ( walvis = whale, zwijn = pig, paard = horse ):

Tree showing a proposed ancestry of several mammals including the Litopterna

The Litopterna occupied ecological roles as browsers and grazers similar to horses and camels in Laurasia.

* An artist's rendition of a Macrauchenia, a representative genus of the Litopterna.

Hence the expression praeteriti senatores (" senators passed over ") is equivalent to e senatu ejecti ( those removed from the senate ).</ br > In some cases, however, the censors did not acquiesce to this simple mode of proceeding, but addressed the senator whom they had noted, and publicly reprimanded him for his conduct.

* Futuro semplice ( simple future ): io mangerò (" I shall eat ")-tense

The Karaites (" Scripturalists ") accept only the Hebrew Bible and what they view as the Peshat (" simple " meaning ); they do not accept non-biblical writings as authoritative.

Euclid IX 21 — 34 is very probably Pythagorean ; it is very simple material (" odd times even is even ", " if an odd number measures divides an even number, then it also measures divides half of it "), but it is all that is needed to prove that

The complete dynamic theory of simple machines was worked out by Italian scientist Galileo Galilei in 1600 in Le Meccaniche (" On Mechanics ").

Even something as simple as a squash ball aimed at that point ( The Sontaran Stratagem ) or contact by the heel of a shoe (" The Last Sontaran ") is capable of incapacitating them temporarily.

* RDF is a simple language for expressing data models, which refer to objects (" resources ") and their relationships.

Often letters feature simple yet absurd statements (" I'm heading off to the pub in a few minutes and wondered if any of your readers fancied joining me for a pint " or " They say size doesn't matter-if that's true, why can't I get these shoes on?

Zork distinguished itself in its genre as an especially rich game, in terms of both the quality of the storytelling and the sophistication of its text parser, which was not limited to simple verb-noun commands (" hit troll "), but recognized some prepositions and conjunctions (" hit the troll with the Elvish sword ").

He started by tying a leather rope with a simple knot for every time he prayed Kyrie Eleison (" Lord have Mercy "), but the Devil would come and untie the knots to throw off his count.

A " reasoning " is a simple event where the Rastas gather, smoke cannabis (" ganja "), and discuss.

The whistle's fingering system is similar to that of the six hole, " simple system English flutes " (" simple " in comparison to Boehm system flutes ).

* In the Divine Comedy, Dante sees Henry (" the king of simple life ") sitting outside the gates of Purgatory with other contemporary European rulers.

To solve the problem with the high output resistance of the simple output stage the second schematic adds to this a " totem-pole " (" push – pull ") output.

ROT13 (" rotate by 13 places ", sometimes hyphenated ROT-13 ) is a simple letter substitution cipher that replaces a letter with the letter 13 letters after it in the alphabet.

The complete dynamic theory of simple machines was worked out by Italian scientist Galileo Galilei in 1600 in Le Meccaniche (" On Mechanics ").

Both factors are broken up (" partitioned ") into their hundreds, tens and units parts, and the products of the parts are then calculated explicitly in a relatively simple multiplication-only stage, before these contributions are then totalled to give the final answer in a separate addition stage.

She developed a new form of art called the Eight model plays which depicted the world in simple, binary terms: the positive characters (" good guys ") were predominantly farmers, workers and revolutionary soldiers, whilst the negative characters (" bad guys ") were landlords and anti-revolutionaries.

Davies is often at his most affecting when he sings of giving up worldly ambition for the simple rewards of love and domesticity (" This is Where I Belong ", 1966 ; " Two Sisters ", 1967 ; " The Way Love Used to Be ", 1971 ; " Sweet Lady Genevieve ", 1973 ; " You Make It All Worthwhile ", 1974 ), or when he extols the consolations of friendship and memory (" Days ", 1968 ; " Do You Remember Walter?

For monitoring of the fetus during childbirth, a simple pinard stethoscope or doppler fetal monitor (" doptone ") can be used.

In an attempt to prevent this prophecy's fulfillment, when Jocasta indeed bore a son, Laius had his ankles pinned together so that he could not crawl ; Jocasta then gave the boy to a servant to abandon (" expose ") on the nearby mountain.

It is made up of split-toed tabi boots (" jika-tabi ") and socks ; special trousers with double-ties which fasten at the ankles, knees and waist ; a jacket with overlapping lapels which is tucked into the trousers ; and protective arm-and-hand sleeves.

The leader is only a spokesperson for the group when it has to deal with other groups (" international relations ") but has no inside authority, and may be violently removed if he attempts to abuse this position.

From Latin animātiō, " the act of bringing to life "; from animō (" to animate " or " give life to ") +-ātiō (" the act of ").

During the Second Punic War in 212 BCE, the Ludi Apollinares (" Apollonian Games ") were instituted in his honor, on the instructions of a prophecy attributed to one Marcius.

If the appellate court does find a legal defect in the decision " below " ( i. e., in the lower court ), it may " modify " the ruling to correct the defect, or it may nullify (" reverse " or " vacate ") the whole decision or any part of it.

It may, in addition, send the case back (" remand " or " remit ") to the lower court for further proceedings to remedy the defect.

The famous Latin Responsa Prudentium (" answers of the learned ones ") were the accumulated views of many successive generations of Roman lawyers, a body of legal opinion which gradually became authoritative.

Dmitri Mendeleev claimed he arranged his tables in order of atomic weight (" Atomgewicht ") However, in deference to the observed chemical properties, he violated his own rule and placed tellurium ( atomic weight 127. 6 ) ahead of iodine ( atomic weight 126. 9 ).

B attempts to falsify A's conditional statement (" if Republican then against gun control ") by providing evidence he believes would contradict its implication.

In practice, the Articles were in use beginning in 1777 ; the final draft of the Articles served as the de facto system of government used by the Congress (" the United States in Congress assembled ") until it became de jure by final ratification on March 1, 1781 ; at which point Congress became the Congress of the Confederation.

The term " android " can mean either one of these, while a cyborg (" cybernetic organism " or " bionic man ") would be a creature that is a combination of organic and mechanical parts.

Euclid ’ s algorithm appears as Proposition II in Book VII (" Elementary Number Theory ") of his Elements.

The three sepals are generally colourful and bright ( which is why they are sometimes called outer tepals ), with one on each side (" lateral sepals ") and one usually at the top of the flower (" dorsal sepal "), sometimes forming a hood.

One example is the Banach – Tarski paradox which says that it is possible to decompose (" carve up ") the 3-dimensional solid unit ball into finitely many pieces and, using only rotations and translations, reassemble the pieces into two solid balls each with the same volume as the original.

The obituary stated (" The merchant of death is dead ") and went on to say, " Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became rich by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.

Lincoln's decision to issue the Emancipation Proclamation angered both Peace Democrats (" Copperheads ") and War Democrats, but energized most Republicans.

This had the effect of inculcating the principle of lex orandi, lex credendi (" the law of prayer is the law of belief ") as the foundation of Anglican identity and confession.

The word archipelago is derived from the Greek ἄρχι-– arkhi-(" chief ") and πέλαγος – pélagos (" sea ") through the Italian arcipelago.

The theme of angst is portrayed in Mahler's Symphony No. 6 (" The Tragic ") and in Alban Berg's poignant Violin Concerto dedicated, " To the memory of an angel ".

His reception remained warmer in America than Britain, and he continued to publish novels and short stories, but by the late 1930s the audience for Milne's grown-up writing had largely vanished: he observed bitterly in his autobiography that a critic had said that the hero of his latest play (" God help it ") was simply " Christopher Robin grown up ... what an obsession with me children are become!

The axioms are referred to as " 4 + 1 " because for nearly two millennia the fifth ( parallel ) postulate (" through a point outside a line there is exactly one parallel ") was suspected of being derivable from the first four.

If one also removes the second postulate (" a line can be extended indefinitely ") then elliptic geometry arises, where there is no parallel through a point outside a line, and in which the interior angles of a triangle add up to more than 180 degrees.

Some synaptic junctions appear partway along an axon as it extends — these are called en passant (" in passing ") synapses.