In volume 21 of his work Ab Urbe Condita, Livy ( 59 BC-17 AD ) claims that it was a Boian man that offered to show Hannibal the way across the Alps.

Livy informs us that the rapid spread of the cult, which he claims indulged in all kinds of crimes and political conspiracies at its nocturnal meetings, led in 186 BC to a decree of the Senate – the so-called Senatus consultum de Bacchanalibus, inscribed on a bronze tablet discovered in Apulia in Southern Italy ( 1640 ), now at the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna – by which the Bacchanalia were prohibited throughout all Italy except in certain special cases which must be approved specifically by the Senate.

In spite of the severe punishment inflicted on those found in violation of this decree ( Livy claims there were more executions than imprisonment ), the Bacchanalia survived in Southern Italy long past the repression.

Suggestions by Livy that the Romans banned the rites because women occupied leadership positions in the cult have been dismissed by Celia Schultz, thus: In light of view of female religious activity ... and despite the claims of Livy's narrative, it is unlikely that the gender of worshippers involved was the primary motivation behind the Senate's action.

Livy mentions that other sources claim 32, 000 Macedonians were killed and even one writer who due to " boundless exaggeration " claims 40, 000 but concludes that Polybius is the trustworthy source on this matter.

Livy claims that there were more than 61, 000 slain or captured Carthaginian soldiers at the end of the battle and there were still more who escaped the slaughter.

Despite repeated claims by Lega Nord and her local allies about a Celtic heritage, recent studies seem to show that the " bustocchi "' s ancestors were Ligurians, called ‘ wild ’ by Pliny, ‘ marauders and robbers ’ by Livy and ‘ unshaven and hairy ’ by Pompeius Tragus.

Though the actual casualty figure remains debated, Livy claims that the total number of Roman casualties ( not including camp followers or other non-combatants ) amounted to 80, 000.

Livy claims that immediately after the victory, Maharbal urged Hannibal to push on at once with his cavalry upon Rome itself, promising him that if he did so, within five days he should sup in the Capitol.

Livy casts doubt on Macer's reliability, suggesting that he misrepresented events in order to glorify the Licinii, but notes that he quotes original sources, such as the Linen Rolls.

Livy and Cicero were both aware that highly specialized Etruscan religious rites were codified in several sets of books written in Etruscan under the generic Latin title Etrusca Disciplina.

Dionysus and Plutarch offer various alternatives not found in Livy, and Livy's own pupil, the etruscologist, historian and emperor Claudius offered yet another, based on Etruscan tradition.

Perugia was an Umbrian settlement but first appears in written history as Perusia, one of the 12 confederate cities of Etruria ; it was first mentioned in Q. Fabius Pictor's account, utilized by Livy, of the expedition carried out against the Etruscan league by Fabius Maximus Rullianus in 310 or 309 BC.

The bond of the twelve Etruscan populi was renewed annually at the sacred grove of Fanum Voltumnae, the sanctuary of Voltumnus sited near Volsinii ( present day Bolsena ), which was mentioned by Livy .< ref > Livy, iv 23, 25 and 61 ; v 17, vi 2.

Described by Livy as one of the Capitae Etruriae ( Etruscan capitals ), Arezzo is believed to have been one of the twelve most important Etruscan cities — the so-called Dodecapolis.

Livy states distinctly that they were of Etruscan origin ( a belief that is favored by Niebuhr and Mommsen ).

The second version, favoured by Livy, is that the number of lictors was borrowed from the Etruscan kings, who had one lictor appointed from each of their twelve states.

Manlius L. f. Capitolinus Imperiosus, the Tarquinians invaded the Roman territories on the Etruscan border ( Livy VII, 12 ).

According to Livy the fight was waged against the Latins, with help from Tarquinius Superbus, the former Etruscan king of Rome.

According to Livy the curule seat, like the Roman toga, originated in Etruria, and it has been used on surviving Etruscan monuments to identify magistrates, but much earlier stools supported on a cross-frame are known from the New Kingdom of Egypt.

Livy states ( Book V, Ab Urbe Condita ) that Juno was an Etruscan goddess of the Veientes, who was ceremonially adopted into the Roman pantheon when Veii was sacked in 396BC.

Livy says merely that the colony was sent in Thurinum agrum, and does not mention anything of a change of name ; but Strabo tells us that they gave to the new colony the name of Copiae, and this statement is confirmed both by Stephanus of Byzantium, and by the evidence of coins, on which, however, the name is written " COPIA ".

Although Livy does not cite his source by name, it is likely to have been Quintus Fabius Pictor, a Roman historian who fought in and wrote on the Second Punic War.

Livy, on the other hand, says the name came from the remnants of the Clusian army who settled in the area following the War between Clusium and Aricia in 508 BC.

The name was always written Fust, but in 1506 Peter Schöffer, in dedicating the German translation of Livy to Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, called his grandfather Faust, and thenceforward the family assumed this name, and the Fausts of Aschaffenburg, an old and quite distinct family, placed Johann Fust in their pedigree.

" Virgil and Livy mentioned the preparation under the name Libum.

According to a tradition recounted by Titus Livy, the hill received its name from Caelius Vibenna, either because he established a settlement there or because his friend Servius Tullius wished to honor him after his death.

The traditional derivation of " Tullianum " is from the name of one of the Roman kings Tullus Hostilius or Servius Tullius ( the latter is found in Livy, Varro, and also Sallust ); there is an alternative theory that it is from the archaic Latin tullius " a jet of water ", in reference to the cistern.

The only work associated with his name is the Liber de prodigiis ( Book of Prodigies ), completely extracted from an epitome, or abridgment, written by Livy ; De prodigiis was constructed as an account of the wonders and portents that occurred in Rome between 249 BC-12 BC.

The city's name appears in the works of the ancient historians Livy and Pliny.

Whatever the origins, it is difficult not to note the general resemblance to the curule chair or sella curulis, which according to Livy supposedly derived its name from currus, " chariot "), and like the Roman toga originated in Etruria, but much earlier stools supported on a cross-frame are known from the New Kingdom of Egypt.

Ambicatus ( or Ambigatos in Gaulish ) is mentioned in the founding legend of Mediolanum ( Milan ) by Livy, whose source is Timagenes, as a king of the Bituriges, " kings of the world " as their name suggests, who ruled over the Celts in central Gaul, between Hispania and Germany, in the days of Tarquinius Priscus ( the fifth century BCE ).

The name Anios () is used by Plutarch in Caesar, while Polybius, Livy and Strabo use the term Aoos.

During Virgil's time Aeneas was well-known and various versions of his adventures were circulating in Rome, including Roman Antiquities by Greek historian Dionysius of Halicarnassus ( relying on Marcus Terentius Varro, Ab Urbe Condita by Livy ( probably dependent on Quintus Fabius Pictor, fl.

The rest of Aeneas's biography is gleaned from Livy: Aeneas was victorious but Latinus died in the war.

For example, Alfonso halted his army in pious respect before the birthplace of a Latin writer, carried Livy or Caesar on his campaigns with him, and his panegyrist Panormita even stated that the king was cured of an illness when a few pages of Quintus Curtius Rufus ' history of Alexander the Great were read to him.

According to Livy, his first act as king was to order the Pontifex Maximus to copy the text concerning the performance of public ceremonies of religion from the commentaries of Numa Pompilius to be displayed to the public, so that the rites of religion should no longer be neglected or improperly performed.

According to Livy the war was commenced by the Latins who anticipated Ancus would follow the pious pursuit of peace adopted by his grandfather, Numa Pompilius.

The declaration is notable since, according to Livy, it was the first time that the Romans had declared war by means of the rites of the fetials.

In 7, Livy was hired to tutor him in history, with the assistance of Sulpicius Flavus.

He was also Chief Augur ( at a very young age ) and Pontifex, but never Pontifex Maximus according to Gaius Stern ( citing Livy on Fabius ).

According to Livy, the younger of the two daughters of Servius Tullius was of fiercer temperament than her sister, yet she originally married Aruns, who had a milder disposition than his elder brother.

Livy also says that she took a part of her father's body, and his blood, and returned with it to her own and her husband's household gods, and that by the end of her journey she was, herself, covered in the blood.

According to Livy, the Rutuli were, at that time, a very wealthy nation and Tarquinius was keen to obtain the booty which would come with victory over the Rutuli in order, in part, to assuage the anger of his subjects.

Pocock, in the so-called " Cambridge School " of interpretation have been able to show that some of the republican themes in Machiavelli's political works, particularly the Discourses on Livy, can be found in medieval Italian literature which was influenced by classical authors such as Sallust.

The traditional account of Roman history, which has come down to us through Livy, Plutarch, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, and others, is that in Rome's first centuries it was ruled by a succession of seven kings.

Livy reports that it was agreed that the Iber should be the boundary between both empires and that the liberty of the Saguntines should be preserved.

There was as yet no precedent for a triumph except in a senior magistracy with command rights ( praetura or consulate ) or with command rights extended from such a magistacy ( viri pro praetore and pro consule ): on these grounds, according to Livy, the request was quite properly refused.

The Christian writer Justin Martyr identified him as Lupercus (" he who wards off the wolf "), the protector of cattle, following Livy, who named his aspect of Inuus as the god who was originally worshiped at the Lupercalia, celebrated on the anniversary of the founding of his temple, February 15, when his priests ( Luperci ) wore goat-skins and hit onlookers with goat-skin belts.

Livy records that in 192 BC, duumvir Q. Marcus Ralla dedicated to Jupiter on the Capitol the two temples promised by L. Furius Purpureo ( one of which was that promised during the war against the Gauls ).

It is also known from Livy that the mines and the forests were leased for a fixed sum under Philip V, and it appears that the same happened under the Argaead dynasty: from here possibly comes the leasing system that was used in Ptolemaic Egypt.

It was abolished by the Romans at the time of their reorganization of Macedonia in 167 BC, to prevent, according to Livy, that a demagogue could make use of it as a mean to revolt against their authority.

Florus calls it the urbs urbinum, or capital of Sardinia, and represents it as taken and severely punished by Gracchus, but this statement is wholly at variance with the account given by Livy, of the wars of Gracchus, in Sardinia, according to which the cities were faithful to Rome, and the revolt was confined to the mountain tribes.

The Roman historian Livy stresses the importance of the augurs: " Who does not know that this city was founded only after taking the auspices, that everything in war and in peace, at home and abroad, was done only after taking the auspices?