During Virgil's time Aeneas was well-known and various versions of his adventures were circulating in Rome, including Roman Antiquities by Greek historian Dionysius of Halicarnassus ( relying on Marcus Terentius Varro, Ab Urbe Condita by Livy ( probably dependent on Quintus Fabius Pictor, fl.

The rest of Aeneas's biography is gleaned from Livy: Aeneas was victorious but Latinus died in the war.

For example, Alfonso halted his army in pious respect before the birthplace of a Latin writer, carried Livy or Caesar on his campaigns with him, and his panegyrist Panormita even stated that the king was cured of an illness when a few pages of Quintus Curtius Rufus ' history of Alexander the Great were read to him.

According to Livy, his first act as king was to order the Pontifex Maximus to copy the text concerning the performance of public ceremonies of religion from the commentaries of Numa Pompilius to be displayed to the public, so that the rites of religion should no longer be neglected or improperly performed.

According to Livy the war was commenced by the Latins who anticipated Ancus would follow the pious pursuit of peace adopted by his grandfather, Numa Pompilius.

The declaration is notable since, according to Livy, it was the first time that the Romans had declared war by means of the rites of the fetials.

In volume 21 of his work Ab Urbe Condita, Livy ( 59 BC-17 AD ) claims that it was a Boian man that offered to show Hannibal the way across the Alps.

In 7, Livy was hired to tutor him in history, with the assistance of Sulpicius Flavus.

He was also Chief Augur ( at a very young age ) and Pontifex, but never Pontifex Maximus according to Gaius Stern ( citing Livy on Fabius ).

Livy claims that his original Etruscan name was Lucumo, but since Lucumo ( Etruscan Lucius ) is the Etruscan word for " King ", there is reason to believe that Priscus ' name and title have been confused in the official tradition.

According to Livy, the younger of the two daughters of Servius Tullius was of fiercer temperament than her sister, yet she originally married Aruns, who had a milder disposition than his elder brother.

Livy also says that she took a part of her father's body, and his blood, and returned with it to her own and her husband's household gods, and that by the end of her journey she was, herself, covered in the blood.

According to Livy, the Rutuli were, at that time, a very wealthy nation and Tarquinius was keen to obtain the booty which would come with victory over the Rutuli in order, in part, to assuage the anger of his subjects.

Pocock, in the so-called " Cambridge School " of interpretation have been able to show that some of the republican themes in Machiavelli's political works, particularly the Discourses on Livy, can be found in medieval Italian literature which was influenced by classical authors such as Sallust.

The traditional account of Roman history, which has come down to us through Livy, Plutarch, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, and others, is that in Rome's first centuries it was ruled by a succession of seven kings.

Livy reports that it was agreed that the Iber should be the boundary between both empires and that the liberty of the Saguntines should be preserved.

There was as yet no precedent for a triumph except in a senior magistracy with command rights ( praetura or consulate ) or with command rights extended from such a magistacy ( viri pro praetore and pro consule ): on these grounds, according to Livy, the request was quite properly refused.

The Christian writer Justin Martyr identified him as Lupercus (" he who wards off the wolf "), the protector of cattle, following Livy, who named his aspect of Inuus as the god who was originally worshiped at the Lupercalia, celebrated on the anniversary of the founding of his temple, February 15, when his priests ( Luperci ) wore goat-skins and hit onlookers with goat-skin belts.

Livy records that in 192 BC, duumvir Q. Marcus Ralla dedicated to Jupiter on the Capitol the two temples promised by L. Furius Purpureo ( one of which was that promised during the war against the Gauls ).

It is also known from Livy that the mines and the forests were leased for a fixed sum under Philip V, and it appears that the same happened under the Argaead dynasty: from here possibly comes the leasing system that was used in Ptolemaic Egypt.

It was abolished by the Romans at the time of their reorganization of Macedonia in 167 BC, to prevent, according to Livy, that a demagogue could make use of it as a mean to revolt against their authority.

Florus calls it the urbs urbinum, or capital of Sardinia, and represents it as taken and severely punished by Gracchus, but this statement is wholly at variance with the account given by Livy, of the wars of Gracchus, in Sardinia, according to which the cities were faithful to Rome, and the revolt was confined to the mountain tribes.

The Roman historian Livy stresses the importance of the augurs: " Who does not know that this city was founded only after taking the auspices, that everything in war and in peace, at home and abroad, was done only after taking the auspices?

Livy records that this persecution was due to that " there was nothing wicked, nothing flagitious, that had not been practiced among them " but some modern scholars suspect other reasons.

According to Livy, Tarquinius Superbus, the seventh and final king of Rome, judged capital criminal cases without the advice of counsellors, thereby creating fear amongst those who might think to oppose him.

Livy also has Scipio Africanus make a self-deprecatory request for victories in Spain in 206 BCE — without much expectation, because although he had been an aedilis curulis, his command rights in Spain had been granted by a special vote of the people.

Livy states that Hannibal deployed 4000 Macedonians in the second line, which is normally rejected as Roman propaganda, though T Dorey suggested that there might have been a seed of truth in the story if the Carthaginians had recruited a trivial number of mercenaries from Macedonia who had gone without official blessing.

While the left wing fled to Veii, the survivors of the right wing fled back to Rome in panic ; as Livy states, " all hastened to Rome and took refuge in the Capitol without closing the gates.

Howard says :" The argument that Livy made free use of Antias and mentioned him only in case of disagreement is absolutely without foundation, for we have seen fourteen specific instances in which, although Livy does not mention him, he nevertheless disagrees with his statements as known to us from other sources, or absolutely disregards them ...."

The flamines were forbidden by law to go into public, or even into the open air without the apex ( Gellius x. 15 ), and hence we find the expression of alicui apicem dialem imponere used as equivalent to the appointment of a Flamen Dialis ( Livy vi. 41 ).

According to the histories of Livy and Dionysius of Halicarnassus, the magistracy of the tribuni militum consulari potestate was created during the Conflict of the Orders, along with the magistracy of the censor, in order to give the Plebeian order access to higher levels of government without having to reform the office of consul ; plebeians could be elected to the office of Consular Tribune.

In his speech on Gallic senators, he uses a version of the founding of Rome identical to that of Livy, his tutor in adolescence.

According to Livy, Hannibal much later said that when he came upon his father and begged to go with him, Hamilcar agreed and demanded that he swear that as long as he lived he would never be a friend of Rome.

The American founders rarely cited Rousseau, but came independently to their Republicanism and enthusiastic admiration for the austere virtues described by Livy and in Plutarch's portrayals of the great men of ancient Sparta and the classical republicanism of early Rome, as did many, if not most other enlightenment figures.

According to the story, told mainly by the Roman historian Livy and the Greek historian Dionysius of Halicarnassus ( who lived in Rome at the time of the Roman Emperor Caesar Augustus ), her rape by the king's son and consequent suicide were the immediate cause of the revolution that overthrew the monarchy and established the Roman Republic.

The Lusitani are mentioned for the first time in Livy ( 218 BC ) and are described as fighting for the Carthaginians ; they are reported as fighting against Rome in 194 BC, sometimes allied with Celtiberian tribes.

The Discourses on the First Ten Books of Titus Livy ( Discorsi ) nominally discuss a classical history of early Ancient Rome.

Both Livy ( in Latin, living in Augustus ' time ) and Plutarch ( in Greek, a century later ), described how Rome had developed its legislation, notably the transition from a kingdom to a republic, by following the example of the Greeks.

Livy mentions some of the most familiar roads near Rome, and the milestones on them, at times long before the first paved road — the Appian Way.

Livy speaks of the censors of his time as being the first to contract for paving the streets of Rome with flint stones, for laying gravel on the roads outside the city, and for forming raised footpaths at the sides.

In Rome, the vast, patriotic history of Rome by Livy ( 59 BC-17 AD ) approximated Herodotean inclusiveness ; Polybius ( c. 200-c. 118 BC ) aspired to combine the logical rigor of Thucydides with the scope of Herodotus.

* Livy writes his monumental History of Rome ( Ab Urbe Condita ).

* Publication of the Ab Urbe condita (" History of Rome Since its Foundation ") in 142 volumes by Livy.

Livy gives due attention to the plundered wealth of statuary, gold and silver, but particular weight to the specialist chefs, flute girls, one-legged tables and other " dinner-party amusements " brought to Rome from exotic Galatia for the ( putative ) triumph of Gnaeus Manlius Vulso in 187 BCE.

According to Livy, the hill first became part of the city of Rome, along with the Viminal Hill, during the reign of Servius Tullius, Rome ' sixth king, in the 6th century BC.

For example, Livy, a Roman historian who lived in the 1st century BC, wrote a history of Rome called Ab Urbe Condita ( From the Founding of the City ) in 144 volumes ; only 35 volumes still exist, although short summaries of most of the rest do exist.

We know it is a later Rome because the emperor is routinely called Caesar ; because the characters are constantly alluding to Tarquin, Lucretia, and Brutus, suggesting that they learned about Brutus ' new founding of Rome from the same literary sources we do, Livy and Plutarch.

* In Rome, according to the Roman historian Livy, land is distributed to veterans of the Second Punic War.

The Sabine and Latin women who happen to be virgins – 683 according to Livy – are kidnapped and brought back to Rome where they are forced to marry Roman men.