At first, although Lollardy was denounced as a heresy, Wycliffe and the Lollards were sheltered by John of Gaunt and other anti-clerical nobility, who may have wanted to use Lollard-advocated clerical reform to acquire new sources of revenue from England ’ s monasteries.

In 1554, while still in exile, Foxe published in Latin at Strasbourg the first shadow of his great book, emphasizing the persecution of the English Lollards during the fifteenth century.

The very fact that she remarries after the death of her first husband could be viewed as Chaucer ’ s characterization of Alisoun as a supporter of Lollardy, if not necessarily a Lollard herself, since Lollards advocated the remarriage of widows ( Cooper 1996: 150 ; Dinshaw 1999: 129 ).

Oldcastle's revolt made Lollardy seem even more threatening to the state, and persecution of Lollards became more severe.

A gruesome reminder of this persecution is the ' Lollards Pit ' in Thorpe Wood, Norfolk, where men are customablie burnt.

Foxe's own contribution was his compilation of the English martyrs from the period of the Lollards through the persecution of Mary I.

This, coupled with the political persecution of Lollards, forced Nisbet to flee the country.

However, despite their efforts, the persecution of Lollards continued.

In December 1554, Parliament re-enacted the penal statutes against Lollards, and on January 22, 1555, two days after they took effect, Rogers ( with ten other people ) came before the council at Gardiner's house in Southwark, and defended himself in the examination that took place.

Similarly, heretical sects like Cathars, Waldensians and Lollards were brutally suppressed in western Europe, while, at the same time, Catholic Christians lived side-by-side with ' schismatic ' Orthodox Christians after the East-West Schism in the borderland of eastern Europe.

* Sir John Oldcastle seeking refuge after being persecuted for supporting the Lollards.

Hunne was then sent to the Lollards ' Tower of St. Paul's Cathedral after a raid on his house in October 1514 had uncovered an English Bible with a prologue sympathetic to Wycliffe's doctrines.

Among much broader goals, the Lollards affirmed a form of consubstantiation — that the Eucharist remained physically bread and wine, while becoming spiritually the body and blood of Christ.

His followers were known as Lollards, a somewhat rebellious movement, which preached anticlerical and biblically-centred reforms.

The bull of Gregory XI impressed upon them the name of Lollards, intended as an opprobrious epithet, but it became, to them, a name of honour.

Even in Wycliffe's time the " Lollards " had reached wide circles in England and preached " God's law, without which no one could be justified.

Although Lollardy can be said to have originated from interest in the writings of John Wycliffe, the Lollards had no central belief system and no official doctrine.

The movement associated itself with many different ideas, but individual Lollards did not necessarily have to agree with every tenet.

Some Lollards may have shown traces of antitrinitarian tendency, though some 19th-century writers overemphasized this because they misconceived the ground of the Lollard rejection of the worship of the human Christ.

Believing the Catholic Church to be corrupted in many ways, the Lollards looked to Scripture as the basis for their religious ideas.

To provide an authority for religion outside of the Church, Lollards began the movement towards a translation of the Bible into the vernacular which enabled those literate in English to read the Bible.

One group of Lollards petitioned Parliament with The Twelve Conclusions of the Lollards by posting them on the doors of Westminster Hall in February 1395.

While by no means a central authority of the Lollards, the Twelve Conclusions reveal certain basic Lollard ideas.

The eighth Conclusion points out the ludicrousness, in the minds of Lollards, of the reverence that is directed toward images in the Church.

The Lollards stated that the Catholic Church had been corrupted by temporal matters and that its claim to be the true church was not justified by its heredity.

Lollards also had a tendency toward iconoclasm.

Believing in a lay priesthood, the Lollards challenged the Church ’ s authority to invest or deny the divine authority to make a man a priest.

Denying any special status to the priesthood, Lollards thought confession to a priest was unnecessary since according to them priests did not have the ability to forgive sins.

Lollards challenged the practice of clerical celibacy and believed priests should not hold government positions as such temporal matters would likely interfere with their spiritual mission.

Believing that more attention should be given to the message of the scriptures rather than to ceremony and worship, the Lollards denounced the doctrines of the Church such as transubstantiation, exorcism, pilgrimages, and blessings, believing these led to an emphasis on Church ritual rather than the Bible.

Outside of the Twelve Conclusions, Lollards held many diverse opinions.

Generally, Lollards did not believe any particular Pope was the antichrist.

While Wycliffe and other Lollards opposed the revolt, one of the peasants ’ leaders, John Ball, preached Lollardy.

The Lollards ' small measure of protection evaporated.

If your pool is located on or near sloping ground, it may have natural drainage which is certainly more desirable than to be faced with the annual expense and labor of first pumping out the water and then scooping out all the debris.

And, from the first, he faced a difficult task.

Isaiah's first significant acts as a prophet occurred when Judah, under king Ahaz, faced invasion from Israel and Aram Damascus ( Syria ) after refusing to join them in a revolt against Assyria, the dominant imperial power of the age.

Herodotus suggests that this was the first time a Greek army ran into battle in this way ; this was probably because it was the first time that a Greek army had faced an enemy composed primarily of missile troops.

Marathon was the first time a phalanx faced more lightly armed troops, and revealed how effective the hoplites could be in battle.

America's first great white faced clown was stage star George " G. L.

Rockies first baseman Andrés Galarraga won the batting title, hitting. 370 for the season after Manager Don Baylor persuaded Galarraga to change from a standard batting stance into an open one in which he squarely faced the pitcher, allowing him to see incoming pitches properly.

In the 2007 World Series, the Rockies faced the Boston Red Sox, and were swept in four games ; the first game was 13 – 1, the second game was 2 – 1, the third game was 10 – 5, and the fourth and final game was 4 – 3.

He faced a strategic situation where the U. S. was perceived to have a “ splendid first strike ” capability against the Soviet Union.

For the first two years of the Commonwealth, the Rump faced economic depression and the risk of invasion from Scotland and Ireland.

The remainder of the first of the two Cathar wars now essentially focused on Simon's attempt to hold on to his fabulous gains through winters where he was faced, with only a small force of confederates operating from the main winter camp at Fanjeau, with the desertion of local lords who had sworn fealty to him out of necessity — and attempts to enlarge his newfound domains in the summer when his forces were greatly augmented by reinforcements from northern France, Germany and elsewhere.

The Wings again faced the Phoenix Coyotes in the first round of the playoffs, this time sweeping them 4 – 0 — making them the only team in the 2010-2011 Stanley Cup Playoffs to sweep the first round — and again moved on to play the Sharks in Round 2.

When faced with a new circuit, the software first tries to find a steady state solution, that is, one where all nodes conform to Kirchhoff's Current Law and the voltages across and through each element of the circuit conform to the voltage / current equations governing that element.

The first crisis faced by Honorius was a revolt led by Gildo, the Comes Africae and Magister utriusque militiae per Africam, in Northern Africa, which lasted for two years ( 397 – 398 ).

While in the FA Cup final against Manchester United, United were looking for their first trophy since the Munich air disaster of five years earlier which had claimed the lives of eight of the Busby Babes whom Banks had faced as an adolescent.

These trapping brigades in Northern California faced serious risks, and were often the first to explore relatively uncharted territory.

During the first five years of Humayun's reign, these two rulers were quietly extending their rule, although Sultan Bahadur faced pressure in the east from sporadic conflicts with the Portuguese.

The Colts faced the Chicago Bears in the Super Bowl and would go onto win the game 29 – 17, giving Manning, Polian, Irsay and Dungy their first Super Bowl title, as well as the first title for the city of Indianapolis.

The next year on December 18 the Chargers faced the unbeaten Colts ; the Colts dream of the first perfect season since 1972 failed as the Chargers won 26-17.

She has faced death numerous times in the history of the series, the first being when, in her guise as Marvel Girl, she died and was " reborn " as Phoenix, which in time led to her second-though not last-death in the classic " Dark Phoenix Saga ".

The Brewers faced the California Angels in the 1982 American League Championship Series and lost the first two games in California, but then rallied to win the next two games back in Milwaukee, setting up the pivotal Game 5, with the winner being the American League Champions.