Braille is named after its creator, Frenchman Louis Braille, who went blind following a childhood accident.

When Louis Braille invented it, it was produced with a needle holing successively all needed points in a cardboard sheet.

* World Braille Day, starting a week of national tribute to Louis Braille, awareness of the blindness and the Braille writing system

* January 4 – Louis Braille, French teacher, inventor of braille ( d. 1852 )

* January 6 – Louis Braille, French teacher of the blind and inventor of braille ( b. 1809 )

Birthplace of Louis Braille in Coupvray

" Louis Braille " in braille

Bust of Louis Braille at his birthplace

Braille's childhood home in Coupvray is a listed historic building and houses the Louis Braille Museum.

File: 2009 USA One Dollar Coin Louis Braille. jpg | Dollar coin ( USA, 2009 ), issued for Braille's birthday bicentennial.

File: Two Rupees, Louis Braille. jpg | Ferritic stainless steel Rs. 2 coins ( India, 2009 ) issued for Braille's birthday bicentennial.

Other appearances in the arts include the American TV special Young Heroes: Louis Braille ( 2010 ); the French TV movie Une lumière dans la nuit ( 2008 ); and the dramatic play Braille: The Early Life of Louis Braille ( 1989 ) by Lola and Coleman Jennings.

* La vie et l ' oeuvre de Louis Braille: Inventeur de l ' alphabet des aveugles ( 1809 – 1852 ) by Pierre Henri.

* Louis Braille Online Museum-American Foundation for the Blind

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Louis Pasteur (, ; December 27, 1822 – September 28, 1895 ) was a French chemist and microbiologist who was one of the most important founders of medical microbiology.

Louis David Riel (, ; 22 October 1844 – 16 November 1885 ) was a Canadian politician, a founder of the province of Manitoba, and a political and spiritual leader of the Métis people of the Canadian prairies.

Coelacanths (, adaptation of Modern Latin Cœlacanthus " hollow spine ", from Greek κοῖλ-ος koilos " hollow " + ἄκανθ-α akantha " spine ", referring to the hollow caudal fin rays of the first fossil specimen described and named by Louis Agassiz in 1839 ) are members of an order of fish that includes the oldest known living lineage of Sarcopterygii ( lobe-finned fish and tetrapods ).

Louis II (, 1 July 1506, Buda – 29 August 1526, Mohács ) was King of Hungary, Bohemia and Croatia from 1516 to 1526.

The Kingdom of Holland 1806 – 1810 (, ) was set up by Napoleon Bonaparte as a puppet kingdom for his third brother, Louis Bonaparte, in order to better control the Netherlands.

São Luís (, Saint Louis ) is the capital and largest city of the Brazilian state of Maranhão.

Lajos Kossuth de Udvard et Kossuthfalva (, archaically English: Louis Kossuth ; Ľudovít Košút in Slovak ; 19 September 1802 – 20 March 1894 ) was a Hungarian lawyer, journalist, politician and Regent-President of the Kingdom of Hungary during the revolution of 1848 – 49.

The Bureau du Roi (, the King's desk ), also known as Louis XV's roll-top secretary (), is the richly ornamented royal Cylinder desk whose construction was done at the end of Louis XV reign.

The Régence (, Regency ) is the period in French history between 1715 and 1723, when King Louis XV was a minor and the land was governed by a Regent, Philippe d ' Orléans, the nephew of Louis XIV of France.

William De Kova " Bill " White ( born January 28, 1934 in Lakewood, Florida ) is a former professional baseball first baseman who played for the New York and San Francisco Giants (, ), St. Louis Cardinals (- 65, ) and Philadelphia Phillies (- 68 ).

Spyridon (" Spyros ") Louis (, sometimes transliterated Loues ; January 12, 1873 – March 26, 1940 ) was a Greek water-carrier who won the first modern-day Olympic marathon at the 1896 Summer Olympics, thereby becoming a national hero.

Louis Cukela, born Vjekoslav Lujo Čukela, (, pronounced " luyo chukela "; May 1, 1888 – March 19, 1956 ) was a United States Marine numbered among the nineteen two-time recipients of the Medal of Honor.

The Olympic Stadium " Spiros Louis " (, Olympiakó Stádio " Spiros Louis "), is part of the Athens Olympic Sports Complex.

The French literary style called préciosité (, preciousness ) arose in the 17th century from the lively conversations and playful word games of les précieuses (), the witty and educated intellectual ladies who frequented the salon of Catherine de Vivonne, marquise de Rambouillet ; her Chambre bleue ( the " blue room " of her hôtel particulier ) offered a Parisian refuge from the dangerous political factionism and coarse manners of the royal court during the minority of Louis XIV.

Sidney Louis Walter Merlin (, April 26, 1856-1952 ) was a British botanist and sports shooter.

Mercker then became a journeyman, spending time with Baltimore (), Cleveland ( 1996 ), Cincinnati (,, -, 2008 ), St. Louis (-), Boston ( 1999 ), Anaheim (), Colorado (), Atlanta ( 2003 ), and the Chicago Cubs ().

Six hundred and forty acres, the old man back in St. Louis had said ; ;

* 1664 – Fran &# 231 ; ois Louis, Prince of Conti, French general ( d. 1709 )

When Sforza also abandoned Louis, Alfonso seemed to have all his problems solved ; however, his relationship with Joan suddenly worsened, and in May 1423 he had her lover, and a powerful figure in the Neapolitan court, Gianni Caracciolo, arrested.

A second time he was excommunicated ; but in 1146 he took the cross at the meeting of Vezelay called by Louis VII, and in August, 1147 embarked for the East in the Second Crusade.

John XXIII was acknowledged as pope by France, England, Bohemia, Prussia, Portugal, parts of the Holy Roman Empire, and numerous Northern Italian city states, including Florence and Venice ; however, the Avignon Pope Benedict XIII was regarded as pope by the Kingdoms of Aragon, Castile, and Scotland and Gregory XII was still favored by Ladislaus of Naples, Carlo I Malatesta, the princes of Bavaria, Louis III, Elector Palatine, and parts of Germany and Poland.

Nin appeared in the Kenneth Anger film Inauguration of the Pleasure Dome ( 1954 ) as Astarte ; in the Maya Deren film Ritual in Transfigured Time ( 1946 ); and in Bells of Atlantis ( 1952 ), a film directed by Guiler under the name " Ian Hugo " with a soundtrack of electronic music by Louis and Bebe Barron.

The result was skyrocketing batting averages, including some near. 500 ; Tip O ' Neill of the St. Louis Browns batted. 485 that season, which would still be a major league record if recognized.

They were gradually joined by delegates of the other estates ; Louis XVI started to recognize their validity on 27 June.

The only forces immediately available for Vienna's defence were Prince Louis of Baden's force of 36, 000 stationed in the Lines of Stollhofen to watch Marshal Tallard at Strasbourg ; there was also a weak force of 10, 000 men under Field Marshal Count Limburg Styrum observing Ulm.

" Approval from Louis arrived on 27 June: Tallard was to reinforce Marsin and the Elector on the Danube via the Black Forest, with 40 battalions and 50 squadrons ; Villeroi was to pin down the Allies defending the Lines of Stollhofen, or, if the Allies should move all their forces to the Danube, he was to join with Marshal Tallard ; and General de Coignies with 8, 000 men, would protect Alsace.

Although Louis XIV wanted peace he wanted it on reasonable terms ; for that, he needed victory in the field and to convince the Allies that his resources were by no means exhausted.

What was left of Villeroi ’ s army was now broken in spirit ; the imbalance of the casualty figures amply demonstrates the extent of the disaster for Louis XIV ’ s army: ( see below ).

When Louis XIV learnt of the disaster he recalled Marshal Vendôme from northern Italy to take command in Flanders ; but it would be weeks before the command changed hands.

In 1388, after Count Louis II of Provence had left to conquer Naples, the Count of Savoy Amadeus VIII took control of Barcelonnette ; however, it returned to Provençal control in 1390, with the d ' Audiffret family as its lords.

Six former Oriole franchise radio announcers have received the Hall of Fame's Ford C. Frick Award for excellence in broadcasting: Chuck Thompson ( who was also the voice of the old NFL Baltimore Colts ); Jon Miller ( now with the San Francisco Giants ); Ernie Harwell, Herb Carneal ; Bob Murphy and Harry Caray ( as a St. Louis Browns announcer in the 1940s.

Then the king came to the Haye in Touraine and his men had passed the river of Loire, some at the bridge of Orléans and some at Meung, at Saumur, at Blois, and at Tours and whereas they might: they were in number a twenty thousand men of arms beside other ; there were a twenty-six dukes and earls ( Counts ) and more than sixscore banners, and the four sons of the king, who were but young, the duke Charles of Normandy, the lord Louis, that was from thenceforth duke of Anjou, and the lord John duke of Berry, and the lord Philip, who was after duke of Burgoyne ".

Historically, this proceeded from the labours of Jean de Launoy ( 1603 – 1678 ), " le dénicheur des saints ", and Louis Sébastien le Nain de Tillemont, who had shown the falsity of numerous lives of the saints ; while theologically it was produced by the Port Royal school, which led men to dwell more on communion with God as contrasted with the invocation of the saints.

This was inaugurated by Montalembert, but its literary advocates were chiefly Dom Gueranger, a learned Benedictine monk, abbot of Solesmes, and Louis François Veuillot ( 1813 – 1883 ) of the Univers ; and it succeeded in suppressing them everywhere, the last diocese to surrender being Orleans in 1875.

Between the years 1852 and 1870 there was a Second French Empire, again a member of the Bonaparte dynasty would rule ; Napoleon III of France the son of Louis Bonaparte.

Charles Louis Napoléon ( 1808 – 1873 ), son of Louis Napoléon, was president of France in 1848 – 1852 and emperor in 1852 – 1870, reigning as Napoléon III ; his son, Eugène Bonaparte ( 1856 – 1879 ), styled the Prince Imperial, died fighting the Zulus in Natal, South Africa.

The headship of the family is in dispute between Charles Napoléon, born 1950, great-great-grandson of Jérôme Bonaparte by his second marriage ; and his son Jean-Christophe ( born 1986 ) who was appointed heir in the will of his grandfather Prince Louis Napoléon.

The creation and importance of saloons was greatly influenced by four major cities ; New Orleans, St. Louis, Chicago and San Francisco.