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Lunokhod 2 ( Луноход, moon walker in Russian ) was the second of two unmanned lunar rovers landed on the Moon by the Soviet Union as part of the Lunokhod program.
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Lunokhod and 2
The 1969 Lunokhod 1A was destroyed during launch, the 1970 Lunokhod 1 and the 1973 Lunokhod 2 landed on the moon and the 1977 Lunokhod was never launched.
Lunokhod 2 robot vehicleLunokhod 2 ( vehicle 8ЕЛ № 204 ) was the second and more advanced of two unmanned lunar rovers landed on the Moon by the Soviet Union as part of the Lunokhod program.
The Luna 21 spacecraft landed on the Moon and deployed the second Soviet lunar rover, Lunokhod 2.
After landing, the Lunokhod 2 took TV images of the surrounding area, then rolled down a ramp to the surface at 01: 14 UT on 1973-01-16 and took pictures of the Luna 21 lander and landing site.
Lunokhod 2 was equipped with three slow-scan television cameras, one mounted high on the rover for navigation, which could return high resolution images at different rates — 3. 2, 5. 7, 10. 9 or 21. 1 seconds per frame ( not frames per second ).
Lunokhod 2 operated for about 4 months, covered 37 km ( 23 miles ) of terrain, including hilly upland areas and rilles, and currently holds the record for the longest distance of surface travel of any extraterrestrial vehicle.
Lunokhod 2 continues to be detected by lunar laser ranging experiments and its position is known to sub-meter accuracy.
Ownership of Lunokhod 2 and the Luna 21 lander was sold by the Lavochkin Association for in December 1993 at a Sotheby's auction in New York ( although the catalog incorrectly lists lot 68A as Luna 17 / Lunokhod 1 ).
" In 2007, Garriott said he is the owner of Lunokhod 2.
According to a NASA press release, APOLLO researcher Tom Murphy said, " We got about 2, 000 photons from Lunokhod 1 on our first try.
* Lunokhod 2
The Luna 21 spacecraft landed on the Moon and deployed the second Soviet lunar rover ( Lunokhod 2 ) in January, 1973.
Lunokhod 2 was equipped with three television cameras, one mounted high on the rover for navigation, which could return high resolution images at different frame rates — 3. 2, 5. 7, 10. 9 or 21. 1 seconds per frame.
After landing, the Lunokhod 2 took TV images of the surrounding area, then rolled down a ramp to the surface at 01: 14 UT on January 16 and took pictures of the Luna 21 lander and landing site, driving for 30 metres.
Lunokhod and Луноход
Lunokhod 1 ( Луноход, moon walker in Russian ; Аппарат 8ЕЛ № 203, vehicle 8ЕЛ № 203 ) was the first of two unmanned lunar rovers landed on the Moon by the Soviet Union as part of its Lunokhod program.
Lunokhod and moon
Sales started that year, including a sale for use on the Lunokhod 1 moon rover, and in 1971 on the US Lunar Rovers.
Several sets of retroreflectors were installed on the Earth's moon as part of the American Apollo and Soviet Lunokhod space programs.
Despite the fact that the planned Soviet Moon expedition was carried at a single launch like Apollo, for mission safety, some two to three weeks before at least the first manned missions, an LK-R in unmanned L3 complex and two Lunokhod automated moon rovers would be sent to the Moon.
Lunokhod and Russian
| 18814 Ivanovsky || || Oleg Genrikhovich Ivanovsky, Russian Deputy Chief Designer for the Soviet Luna and Lunokhod missions, a designer for the Vostok spacecraft, director of the Museum of the Lavochkin Space Association in Moscow
Lunokhod and was
Lunokhod (, " Moonwalker ") was a series of Soviet robotic lunar rovers designed to land on the Moon between 1969 and 1977.
It was used to analyze problems with the Lunokhod chassis.
After years of secret engineering development and training, the first Lunokhod ( vehicle 8ЕЛ № 201 ) was launched on February 19, 1969.
Within a few seconds the rocket disintegrated and the first Lunokhod was lost.
Lunokhod 1 ( vehicle 8ЕЛ № 203 ) was the first of two unmanned lunar rovers successfully landed on the Moon by the Soviet Union as part of its Lunokhod program.
The spacecraft which carried Lunokhod 1 was named Luna 17.
Lunokhod was the first roving remote-controlled robot to land on another world.
Lunokhod 1 was a lunar vehicle formed of a tub-like compartment with a large convex lid on eight independently powered wheels.
Lunokhod 1 was equipped with a cone-shaped antenna, a highly directional helical antenna, four television cameras, and special extendable devices to impact the lunar soil for density measurements and mechanical property tests.
Lunokhod 3 ( vehicle 8ЕЛ № 205 ) was built for a Moon landing in 1977, but never flew to the Moon due to lack of launchers and funding.
Until 2010, the final location of Lunokhod 1 was uncertain by a few kilometers.
Lunokhod and second
The spacecraft landed on the Moon and deployed the second Soviet lunar rover ( Lunokhod 2 ).
Luna 21 carried the second successful Soviet lunar rover, Lunokhod 2, and was launched less than a month after the last Apollo lunar landing.
Lunokhod and two
Lunokhod designers were called back from retirement, and in two weeks rovers were made which used nuclear decay heat sources for internal rack climate control, their electronic systems were already hardened to resist radiation.
Additional reflectors were left by the Apollo 14 and Apollo 15 astronauts, and two French-built reflector arrays were placed on the Moon by the Soviet Luna 17 ( Lunokhod 1 ) and Luna 21 ( Lunokhod 2 ) lunar rover missions.
* All 5 reflectors ( three Apollo and two Lunokhod ) ranged routinely.
Lunokhod and unmanned
The unmanned Soviet Lunokhod 1 and Lunokhod 2 rovers carried smaller arrays.
Lunokhod and lunar
After the destruction of the original Lunokhod, Soviet engineers began work immediately on another lunar vehicle.
The lander had dual ramps from which the payload, Lunokhod 1, could descend to the lunar surface.
* Exploring the Moon ( 1969-1976 )-a diary of significant events in Soviet lunar exploration, including those associated with the Lunokhod programme
Lunokhod 1 was a lunar vehicle formed of a tub-like compartment with a large convex lid on eight independently powered wheels.
Lunokhod was equipped with a cone-shaped antenna, a highly directional helical antenna, four television cameras, and special extendable devices to test the lunar soil for soil density and mechanical property tests.
Lunokhod was intended to operate through three lunar days ( approximately 3 Earth months ) but actually operated for eleven lunar days.
The lander had dual ramps from which the payload, Lunokhod 1, could descend to the lunar surface.
The final location of Lunokhod 1 was uncertain until 2010, as lunar laser ranging experiments had failed to detect a return signal from it since 1971.
The following lunar day, controllers saw the internal temperature of the Lunokhod climb as it was unable to cool itself, eventually rendering the rover inoperable.
Lunokhod 2 continues to be detected by lunar laser ranging experiments and its position is known to sub-meter accuracy.
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