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Page "Malcolm II of Scotland" ¶ 12
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Máel and Coluim
* 1057 – King Macbeth is killed at the Battle of Lumphanan by the forces of Máel Coluim mac Donnchada.
Alexander had at least one illegitimate child, Máel Coluim mac Alaxandair, who was later to be involved in a revolt against David I in the 1130s.
As for the Mearns, the only known Mormaer of Mearns, Máel Petair, had murdered Alexander's half-brother Duncan II ( Donnchad mac Maíl Coluim ) in 1094.
Holinshed portrays Banquo as an historical figure: he is an accomplice in Mac Bethad mac Findlaích's ( Macbeth's ) murder of Donnchad mac Crínáin ( King Duncan ) and plays an important part in ensuring that Macbeth, not Máel Coluim mac Donnchada ( Malcolm ), takes the throne in the coup that follows.
He was succeeded by his predecessor's son Malcolm I ( Máel Coluim mac Domnaill ).
The period between the accession of his successor Máel Coluim I ( Malcolm I ) and Máel Coluim mac Cináeda ( Malcolm II ) was marked by good relations with the Wessex rulers of England, intense internal dynastic disunity and relatively successful expansionary policies.
In 945, Máel Coluim I annexed Strathclyde as part of a deal with King Edmund of England, where the kings of Alba had probably exercised some authority since the later ninth century, an event offset somewhat by loss of control in Moray.
MacBeth ruled for seventeen years before he was overthrown by Máel Coluim, the son of Donnchad, who some months later defeated MacBeth's step-son and successor Lulach to become king Máel Coluim III ( Malcolm III ).
It was Máel Coluim III, who acquired the nickname " Canmore " ( Cenn Mór, " Great Chief "), which he passed to his successors and who did most to create the Dunkeld dynasty that ruled Scotland for the following two centuries.
This marriage, and raids on northern England, prompted William the Conqueror to invade and Máel Coluim submitted to his authority, opening up Scotland to later claims of sovereignty by English kings.
His murder within a few months saw Domnall restored with one of Máel Coluim sons by his second marriage, Edmund, as his heir.
Lulach ruled only for a few months before being assassinated and usurped by Malcolm III ( Máel Coluim mac Donnchada ).
His mother, who is not mentioned in contemporary sources, is sometimes supposed to have been Donada, a daughter of the Scottish king Malcolm II ( Máel Coluim mac Cináeda ).
One of these sons, Máel Coluim mac Máel Brigte, died in 1029.
It has been proposed that Gille Coemgáin's death was the doing of Mac Bethad in revenge for his father's death, or of Máel Coluim mac Cináed to rid himself of a rival.
In northern Britain, the violent struggle between the various candidates for power seems to have removed Clann Áeda mac Cináeda from the contest, leaving only Clann Constantín mac Cináeda, in the person of Máel Coluim son of Cináed, to claim the kingship.
Máel Coluim appears to have had rivals from within Clann Constantín killed during his reign.
John of Fordun wrote that Duncan's wife fled Scotland, taking her children, including the future kings Malcolm III ( Máel Coluim mac Donnchada ) and Donald III ( Domnall Bán mac Donnchada, or Donalbane ) with her.

Máel and was
Áed Findliath was married to Causantín's sister Máel Muire.
In Ireland, Flann Sinna, married to Constantine's aunt Máel Muire, was dominant.
Woolf suggests that Constantine and his cousin Donald may have passed Giric's reign in exile in Ireland where their aunt Máel Muire was wife of two successive High Kings of Ireland, Áed Findliath and Flann Sinna.
Lulach's son Máel Snechtai was Mormaer of Moray, while Óengus of Moray was the son of Lulach's daughter.
According to the Annals of Ulster he was killed by his own people while the Annals of Tigernach say that the sons of his brother Máel Brigte were responsible.
Later in the eleventh century, from the time of Gille Coemgáin's grandson Máel Snechtai, a genealogy was compiled which traced Máel Snechtai's descent and Clann Ruadrí's origins to the Cenél Loairn founder Loarn mac Eirc.
It is likely that this conception of Clann Ruadrí's origins predates Máel Snechtai and was prevalent in Mac Bethad's time or even earlier.
The result of the invasion was that one Máel Coluim, " son of the king of the Cumbrians " ( not to be confused with Máel Coluim mac Donnchada, the future Malcolm III of Scotland ) was restored to his throne, i. e., as ruler of the kingdom of Strathclyde.
Máel Coluim mac Domnaill ( anglicised Malcolm I ) ( c. 900 – 954 ) was king of Scots ( before 943 – 954 ), becoming king when his cousin Causantín mac Áeda abdicated to become a monk.
The Annals of Ulster report that Máel Coluim was killed in 954.
Máel Coluim mac Donnchada ( Modern Gaelic: Maol Chaluim mac Dhonnchaidh, called in most Anglicised regnal lists Malcolm III, and in later centuries nicknamed Canmore, " Big Head ", either literally or in reference to his leadership, " Long-neck "; died 13 November 1093 ), was King of Scots.
He was son of Malcolm I ( Máel Coluim mac Domnaill ) and succeeded to the throne when Indulf ( Ildulb mac Causantín ) was killed in 962.

Máel and followed
Máel Coluim appears to have been followed by Owen the Bald who is thought to have died at the battle of Carham in 1018.
This was followed by further attacks on Máel Sechnaill by the Dubliners under their king Sihtric Silkbeard and the Leinstermen led by Máel Mórda mac Murchada.
This is followed by the Scottish monarchs from Máel Coluim II to Mary, Queen of Scots.
Conchobar Ua Máel Shechnaill, king of Mide, was murdered the next year, and Toirdelbach took advantage of this to ravage the midlands, followed by an expedition to Connacht where he obtained hostages from both the Uí Conchobair and the Uí Ruairc.

Máel and king
Máel Coluim appears to have kept his agreement with the late English king, which may have been renewed with the new king, Edmund having been murdered in 946 and succeeded by his brother Edred.
Malcolm's father Duncan I ( Donnchad mac Crínáin ) became king in late 1034, on the death of Malcolm II ( Máel Coluim mac Cináeda ), Duncan's maternal grandfather and Malcolm's Great-grandfather.
A. M. Duncan argued in 2002 that, using the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle entry as their source, later writers innocently misidentified " Máel Coluim " with the later Scottish king of the same name.
It has also been suggested that Máel Coluim may have been a son of Owen the Bald, British king of Strathclyde perhaps by a daughter of Máel Coluim II, King of Scotland.
* Battle of Fid Eoin: The king of Dál Riata, Connad Cerr, is defeated by the Dál nAraidi, led by Máel Caích.
* September 2 – Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill, king of Mide and High King of Ireland
It has been supposed that he was installed as king by Máel Coluim mac Domnaill to whom Edmund of Wessex had " let " the kingdom of Strathclyde, but again, as with earlier ideas of an appanage, this is probably to overstate the case and to follow John of Fordun's version of history more closely than the facts merit.
A major source for confusion comes from the name of Amdarch's successor, Máel Coluim, now thought to be a son of the Domnall mac Eógain who died in Rome, but long confused with the later king of Scots Máel Coluim mac Cináeda.
The name Malcolm or Máel Coluim again caused confusion, some historians later supposing that this was the later king of Scots Máel Coluim mac Donnchada ( Máel Coluim Cenn Mór ).
It is not known if Malcolm / Máel Coluim ever became " king of the Cumbrians ", or, if so, for how long.
The Uí Néill king Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill, abandoned by his northern kinsmen of the Cenél nEógain and Cenél Conaill, acknowledged Brian as High King at Athlone in 1002.
Brian's hard-won authority was seriously challenged in 1013 when his ally Máel Sechnaill was attacked by the Cenél nEógain king Flaithbertach Ua Néill, with the Ulstermen as his allies.

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