Genetic analysis of African cattle has found higher concentrations of zebu genes all along the east coast of Africa, with especially pure cattle on the island of Madagascar, implying that the method of dispersal was cattle transported by ship.

Madagascar was once covered almost completely by forests, but slash and burn practices for dry rice cultivation has denuded most of the landscape, especially in the central highlands.

One can only assume that the island of Madagascar played an important role in trade, particularly that of spice trade ( especially the cinnamon ) and timber between Southeast Asia and Middle East, directly or through the African coast and Madagascar.

Residents of Madagascar could accuse one another of various crimes, including theft, Christianity and especially witchcraft, for which the ordeal of tangena was routinely obligatory.

The term is especially useful in marine biology, ichthyology, and similar fields, since many marine habitats are continuously connected from Madagascar to Japan and Oceania, and a number of species occur over that range, but are not found in the Atlantic Ocean.

The Raffia palms ( Raphia ) are a genus of twenty species of palms native to tropical regions of Africa, especially Madagascar, with one species ( R. taedigera ) also occurring in Central and South America.

Species of this genus are found in the Old World Tropics, especially in Africa, Madagascar, the Mascarene Islands and Asia.

Until the 1930s, Chinese migrants continued to arrive in Port Louis, but with the strain on the local economy's ability to absorb them, many found that Mauritius would only be their first stop ; they went on to the African mainland ( especially South Africa ), as well as to Madagascar, Réunion, and Seychelles.

While cruising round the coast of Madagascar, Misson found a perfect bay in an area with fertile soil, fresh water and friendly natives.

* Sava Region, a region in Madagascar

Madagascar and Iveland-Evje region in Norway have the only deposits of minerals with high scandium content, thortveitite ( Sc, Y )< sub > 2 </ sub >( Si < sub > 2 </ sub > O < sub > 7 </ sub >) and kolbeckite ScPO < sub > 4 </ sub >· 2H < sub > 2 </ sub > O, but these are not being exploited.

* The eastern region ( light green regions on map ) includes the music of Uganda, Kenya, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania, Malawi, Mozambique and Zimbabwe as well as the islands of Madagascar, the Seychelles, Mauritius and Comor.

" Ferry directed the negotiations which led to the establishment of a French protectorate in Tunis ( 1881 ), prepared the treaty of 17 December 1885 for the occupation of Madagascar ; directed the exploration of the Congo and of the Niger region ; and above all, he organized the conquest of Annam and Tonkin in what became Indochina.

* Sofia Region, a region in northern Madagascar

** Alopochen: African and Mascarene shelducks ( Africa and Madagascar region ; 1 living species, 2-3 extinct )

YKK also opened a fastener making factory in Swaziland which has grown to supply the entire sub-saharan region including Madagascar and Mauritius.

( 2010 ): Tiger Beetles of the Madagascan Region ( Madagascar, Seychelles, Comoros, Mascarenes, and other islands ) Taxonomic revision of the 17 genera occurring in the region ( Coleoptera: Cicindelidae ), 430 pp.

The namesake genus of the Tadorninae, Tadorna is very close to the Egyptian Goose and its extinct relatives from the Madagascar region, Alopochen.

: W Europe and Mediterranean region to Central Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar, South and Southeast Asia ; localized breeder in East Asia ( e. g. Taiwan ) but more widespread during winter ; has become a regular migrant to the Marianas and Saipan and sometimes is seen on other islands in western Micronesia ( e. g. Koror, Ngeriungs Islet and Peleliu of Palau ) since the late 20th-century.

P. cepediana may also have been introduced to Madagascar where it has been reported a few times, amongst others in the region of Iviloina.

It is found in the region around Ankarimbela in southern Madagascar and in the region around Andasibe.

This species only inhabits the region around Andasibe and Ranomafana in eastern Madagascar.

Phelsuma standingi is restricted to the arid southwest of Madagascar, specifically the region around Andranolaho and Sakaraha.

The four spot day gecko inhabits the east coast of Madagascar, and is quite common in the region around Andasibe.

Phelsuma pusilla pusilla lives in the moist and warm climate of the east coast of Madagascar, where it was first found in the region around Abila Lemaitso near Brickaville, but also occurs on the island Nosy Bohara.

The Ampatres are today known as the Androy region of southern Madagascar.

The remaining species are native to other parts of Africa, Madagascar, the Mediterranean region, and Europe.

In the Menabe region of Madagascar, a biodiversity hotspot of great importance, the Trust is working with a cluster of endangered species, including the Malagasy Giant Rat, Flat-tailed Tortoise, Madagascar Big-headed Turtle, Narrow-striped Mongoose and Madagascar Teal.

The zebra shark occurs in the tropical waters of the Indo-Pacific region, from South Africa to the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf ( including Madagascar and the Maldives ), to India and Southeast Asia ( including Indonesia, the Philippines, and Palau ), northward to Taiwan and Japan, eastward to New Caledonia and Tonga, and southward to northern Australia.

Sofia is a region in northern Madagascar.

Madagascar is the world's leading producer of vanilla and accounts for about half the world's export market.

Earlier accounts from the Indian Ocean by Johnson ( 1978 ), Madagascar by Fourmanoir ( 1961 ), and the Red Sea by Gohar and Mazhar ( 1964 ), indicated a biannual cycle in these regions with two breeding seasons per year from June to July and December to January.

Most freight continues to be sent to Kenya, Reunion, or Madagascar for transshipment to Comoros.

Widespread distribution of Permo-Carboniferous glacial sediments in South America, Africa, Madagascar, Arabia, India, Antarctica and Australia was one of the major pieces of evidence for the theory of continental drift.

Renaming the seized merchantman the Adventure Prize, he set sail for Madagascar.

It is the only known breeding site outside Aldabra and Madagascar for Malagasy Pond Herons.

In the 1930s, Nazi political thinkers developed the Madagascar plan on the basis of earlier proposals from Poland and elsewhere in Europe that had identified the island as a potential site for the deportation of Europe's Jews.

As Merina dominance expanded over neighboring Malagasy peoples in the early 19th century to establish the Kingdom of Madagascar, Antananarivo became the center of administration for virtually the entire island.

Further debt relief constituted another infusion of favorable developments for Madagascar when on June 11, 2005, at a pre-G8 summit meeting in London, world leaders agreed to write off $ 40 billion in debt owed by the world's poorest countries.

The planters received a compensation of two million pounds sterling for the loss of their slaves which had been imported from Africa and Madagascar during the French occupation.

On the coast between several native ports of call and Madagascar a large surreptitious trade in slaves was carried on until 1877, supplying slaves for Arabia and the Ottomans.

Amongst the most significant taxes levied on imports was a requirement for all ships trading with Madagascar to deliver one slave.

Soon, the tropical orchids were sent from Réunion Island to the Comoros Islands and Madagascar, along with instructions for pollinating them.

According to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation, Madagascar is currently responsible for the vast majority of the world's Bourbon vanilla production and 58 % of the world total vanilla fruit production.

* Bourbon vanilla or Bourbon-Madagascar vanilla, produced from V. planifolia plants introduced from the Americas, is the term used for vanilla from Indian Ocean islands such as Madagascar, the Comoros, and Réunion, formerly the Île Bourbon.

In addition, Raeder and other senior officers submitted memos calling for Germany to annex Iceland, the Faeroe Islands, Greenland, the Azores, the Canary Islands, the Cocos Islands, Aden, Socotra, the Comoros, Madagascar, the Mauritius, Ceylon ( modern Sri Lanka ) and, if possible, the Dutch East Indies ( through Raeder and other admirals conceded the Dutch East Indies would probably have to go to Japan in the interests of Axis solidarity ).

From the 17th century through to the Scramble for Africa, the British and French colonial empires competed for influence in Madagascar.

A point is still debated among the researchers community about the Vazimba: as it is an Austronesian qualifier designating " forest dwellers " in general ( including the Austronesians Vahoaka Ntaolo themselves settled in the forests ), it can not be excluded that other hominids vazimba natives like Flores Man, for example, have inhabited the forests of Madagascar dozens-even hundreds-of thousands of years before the arrival of the Austronesians Vahoaka Ntaolo.

During this early period, Madagascar served as an important transoceanic trading port for the east African coast that gave Africa a trade route to the Silk Road and served simultaneously as a port for incoming ships.

They settled the north-west of the island ( Majunga area ) and introduced, for the first time, Islam to Madagascar.

Finally some sources theorize that during the Middle Ages, Arab, Persian and Neo-Austronesian slave-traders brought Bantu people to Madagascar transported by Swahili merchants to feed foreign demand for slaves.

From about 1774 to 1824, Madagascar was a favorite haunt for pirates.

The Portuguese mariner Diego Dias became the first European to set foot on Madagascar when his ship, bound for India, blew off course in 1500.