Mammalian and bird clades passed through the boundary with few extinctions, and evolutionary radiation from those Maastrichtian clades occurred well past the boundary.

Mammalian hosts react to infections with an innate response, often involving inflammation, followed by an adaptive response.

Mammalian erythrocytes are typically shaped as biconcave disks: flattened and depressed in the center, with a dumbbell-shaped cross section, and a torus-shaped rim on the edge of the disk.

The generally accepted method of purification of process streams for monoclonal antibodies includes capture of the product target with Protein A, elution, acidification to inactivate potential Mammalian viruses, followed by cation exchange chromatography, and finally anion exchange chromatography.

Mammalian muscle becomes rigid with heat rigor at about 50 ° C, with the sudden rigidity of the whole body rendering life impossible.

Mammalian carnivores, including gray wolves, red foxes, badgers, raccoon dogs, Eurasian lynxes and domestic dogs are attacked immediately, with the parent cranes attempting to jab them in the flanks until the predator leaves the vicinity.

Research conducted as planned, with the exception of the Mammalian Development Team, which had to reprioritize science activities because of the unexpected high mortality rate of neonatal rats on board.

Mammalian specie degenerate diazoxon at a much slower rate though ( with a half-life of 2 to 6 weeks ).

His company, Mammalian Diving Reflex, is the resident art company at Toronto's Parkdale Public School and has created a series of events entitled Parkdale Public School vs. Queen West that brought children together with artists, the public, businesses and cultural institutions along Toronto's rapidly gentrifying Queen Street West.

He founded ( 1960 ) and codirected the Annual Short Course in Medical and Experimental Mammalian Genetics, Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, as well as the Annual Course in Medical Genetics, University of Bologna Residential Center, Bertinoro di Romagna, Italy ( 1987 ).

Mammalian axonal arborization ( the branching structure at the end of a nerve fiber ) also differs from one nerve fiber to the next.

* Mammalian myoglobin concentrations in skeletal muscle have much variation.

Mammalian steroid hormones can be grouped into five groups by the receptors to which they bind: glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, androgens, estrogens, and progestagens.

* Bronson, F. H. Mammalian Reproductive Biology.

Mammalian ova contain only a tiny amount of the nutritive yolk, for nourishing the embryo in the early stages of its development only.

“ Patterns and processes in contemporary mammalian extinction .” In Priorities for the Conservation of Mammalian Diversity.

Mammalian sperm cells become even more active when they approach an egg cell in a process called sperm activation.

Mammalian cells require stimulation for cell division and survival ; in the absence of growth factor, apoptosis ensues.

Mammalian zygotes eventually develop into a blastocyst, after which they are more generally termed an embryo, and then a fetus.

Mammalian Species No. 453.

Mammalian X-chromosome inactivation is initiated from the X inactivation centre or Xic, usually found near the centromere.

" Possible Microwave Mechanisms of the Mammalian Nervous System ", T-I-T J Life Sci 9: 29 – 51, 1979.

Mammalian taurine synthesis occurs in the pancreas via the cysteine sulfinic acid pathway.

Mammalian corticogenesis is another process where reelin plays a major role.

Mammalian erythrocytes, which do not contain nuclei, are considerably smaller than those of most other vertebrates.

Mammalian erythrocytes are unique among the vertebrates as they are non-nucleated cells in their mature form.

Mammalian hibernation: cellular and molecular responses to depressed metabolism and low temperature.

Mammalian alcohol dehydrogenases also have a structural zinc site.

Mammalian derived envelope preparations have been better inducers of neutralizing antibody than candidates produced in yeast and bacteria.

Cope recognised that clades of Cenozoic mammals appeared to originate as small individuals, and that body mass increased through a clade's history.

Despite the severity of this boundary event, there was significant variability in the rate of extinction between and within different clades.

Even though the boundary event was severe, there was significant variability in the rate of extinction between and within different clades.

The majority of non-avian dinosaurs became extinct during that time .< ref > The boundary event was severe with a significant amount of variability in the rate of extinction between and among different clades.

# phylogenetic systematics, which uses the above together with the principle of only naming clades as its source of information for taxonomy.

In the latter, only taxa associated with a rank can be named, yet there are not enough ranks to name a long series of nested clades ; ranks determine the form of names, so names must in many cases change when a name is inserted into such a series ; and taxon names cannot be defined in a way that guarantees them to refer to clades.

A comparison of the nuclear genome of polar bears with that of brown bears revealed a different pattern, the two forming genetically distinct clades that diverged approximately 603, 000 years ago, although the latest research is based on analysis of the complete genomes ( rather than just the mitochondria or partial nuclear genomes ) of polar, brown and black bears, and establishes the divergence of polar and brown bears at 4-5 million years ago.

This idea has met with skepticism by some scientists, because of the lack of an obvious morphological basis for splitting the ungulates into so many unrelated clades.

The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest (, Hermannsschlacht or Varusschlacht ), described as clades Variana ( the Varian disaster ) by Roman historians, took place in 9 CE, when an alliance of Germanic tribes led by Arminius of the Cherusci ambushed and decisively destroyed three Roman legions, along with their auxiliaries, led by Publius Quinctilius Varus.

Molecular data suggest that there are four clades within the Cornales: Cornus-Alangium, nyssoids-mastixioids, Hydrangeaceae-Loasaceae, and Grubbia-Curtisia, with Hydrostachyaceae in an uncertain position, possibly basal.

HIV can be categorized into multiple clades and subtypes with a high degree of genetic divergence.

In addition, cells from at least some volunteers were able to kill cells infected with HIV from other clades, though the pattern of recognition was not uniform among volunteers.

Using the pneumovirus as an outgroup, the Paramyxovirinae can be divided into two clades: one with the avulaviruses and rubulaviruses and the other with the respiroviruses, the henipaviruses and the morbilliviruses.

Its discoverers claim that, on the basis of 268 characters sampled from all major Mesozoic mammal clades and principal eutherian families of the Cretaceous, Eomaia is placed at the root of the eutherian " family tree " along with Murtoilestes and Prokennalestes.

Alternatively, the Anatidae may be considered to consist of 3 subfamilies ( ducks, geese, and swans, essentially ) which contain the groups as presented here as tribes, with the swans separated as subfamily Cygninae, the goose subfamily Anserinae also containing the whistling ducks, and the Anatinae containing all other clades.

( 2003 ) suggests-albeit also with very low confidence-that the Mexican Jay comprises 2 clades which might constitute different species.

The remaining five species are highly variable morphologically and their relationships with each other and with the two clades have not yet been satisfactorily explained.

In any case, four major clades of " typical " tits can be recognized: the dark-capped chickadees and their relatives ( Poecile including Sittiparus ), the long-crested Baeolophus and Lophophanes species, the usually tufted, white-cheeked Periparus ( including Pardaliparus ) with more subdued coloration and finally Parus sensu stricto ( including Melaniparus and Macholophus ).

This split into two clades is thought to have occurred soon after Puffinus split from the other procellariids, with the genus originating in the north Atlantic Ocean and the Neonectris clade evolving in the southern hemisphere.

The eight traditional subfamilies can be divided into two clades, the Boodontia ( with the Bovinae as sole members ) and the Aegodontia ( composed of all other subfamilies ).

Some authors do not agree with the high number of subfamilies, although they do recognise these two clades.

They make up a few reasonably well-supported clades and a lot of genera with quite unresolved relationships ( termed " assemblages " here ).

Deep divergences were found between major clades ; basally Conostoma with a clade of large species followed by two clades of smaller species which differ markedly in plumage pattern.