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Page "Bronze Age" ¶ 5
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Man-made and production
Man-made bodies of brine are created for edible salt production.

Man-made and .
Man-made disasters are the consequence of technological or human hazards.
Man-made disasters are examples of specific cases where man-made hazards have become reality in an event.
Man-made threats to the Earth's natural environment include pollution, deforestation, and disasters such as oil spills.
Man-made features have also introduced restrictions, the most important of which was a dam constructed in the 1930s on the White Nile about forty kilometers upriver from Khartoum.
* Human insulin – Man-made insulins that is identical to the insulin produced by your own body.
Man-made structures under Oak Island do in fact exist as discussed in many books, including a book written by Lee Lamb, daughter of Robert Restall.
Man-made lake in the Sunnymead Ranch community of northern Moreno Valley. By the early 21st century, the arrival of so many newcomers to Riverside County and the soaring cost of living in Los Angeles and Orange County combined to make the less-developed southern half of the Inland Empire a very attractive place for industry.
Man-made in the 1930s on the farmlands and marsh es of the Santee River river valley | valley, Lake Marion is famous for awards | trophy-quality game fish, especially Bass ( fish ) | small and large mouth bass.
Man-made elements such as the interruption of sediment supply, such as a dam, and withdrawal of fluid can also affect beach stabilization.
Man-made structures such as oil rigs and Fish Aggregating Devices ( FADs ) are also fished.
Man-made methods of vegetative reproduction are usually enhancements of natural processes, but they range from rooting cuttings to grafting and artificial propagation by laboratory tissue culture.
** Louis J. Lanzerotti and Giovanni P. Gregori, " Telluric Currents: The Natural Environment and Interactions with Man-made Systems ", Chapter 16.
Man-made holes do not appear to have as large an effect.
Man-made lakes, such as clay pits and gravel pits, often have lower visibility.
" Man-made " chickens also appear in David Lynch's 1977 surrealist horror, Eraserhead.
In his article Death Tolls for the Man-made Megadeaths of the 20th Century, Matthew White estimates the number of those who died at 500, 000.
The Great Man-made River Project ( GMRP ) was conceived in the late 1960s and work on the project began in 1984.
Man-made Lake Marion was dam med in the thirties, creating the lake in the middle of the rolling farmlands, forests, and marsh es of the Santee River river valley | valley.
Man-made chutes may also be a feature of spillways on some dams.
Man-made disasters are specific events where an anthropogenic hazard ( filed under: Category: Hazards ) has come to fruition.
* 1974, Conflict in Man-made Environment ', Harmondsworth, Penguin Books.

tin and bronze
Bronze, an alloy of copper and tin, was the first alloy discovered, during the prehistoric period now known as the bronze age ; it was harder than pure copper and originally used to make tools and weapons, but was later superseded by metals and alloys with better properties.
Examples of substitutional alloys include bronze and brass, in which some of the copper atoms are substituted with either tin or zinc atoms.
Eventually, humans learned to smelt metals such as copper and tin from ore, and, around 2500 BC, began alloying the two metals to form bronze, which is much harder than its ingredients.
While the use of iron started to become more widespread around 1200 BC, mainly because of interruptions in the trade routes for tin, the metal is much softer than bronze.
By comparison, bronze is principally an alloy of copper and tin.
Bronze does not necessarily contain tin, and a variety of alloys of copper, including alloys with arsenic, phosphorus, aluminium, manganese, and silicon, are commonly termed " bronze ".
Many have similar tin contents to contemporary bronze artefacts and it is possible that some copper-zinc alloys were accidental and perhaps not even distinguished from copper.
Disruption in the trade of tin for bronze from Western Europe may have contributed to the increasing popularity of brass in the east and by the 6th – 7th centuries AD over 90 % of copper alloy artefacts from Egypt were made of brass.
However other alloys such as low tin bronze were also used and they vary depending on local cultural attitudes, the purpose of the metal and access to zinc, especially between the Islamic and Byzantine world.
It was only later that tin was used, becoming the sole type of bronze in the late 3rd millennium BC.
Tin bronze was superior to arsenic bronze in that the alloying process itself could more easily be controlled ( as tin was available as a metal ) and the alloy was stronger and easier to cast.
Copper and tin ores are rarely found together ( exceptions include one ancient site in Thailand and one in Iran ), so serious bronze work has always involved trade.
The population migrations around 1200 – 1100 BC reduced the shipping of tin around the Mediterranean ( and from Great Britain ), limiting supplies and raising prices. Bianzhong of Marquis Yi of Zeng, Spring and Autumn Period ( 476BC-221BC ) As ironworking improved, iron became cheaper ; and as cultures advanced from wrought iron to forged iron, they learned how to make steel, which is stronger than bronze and holds a sharper edge longer.
There are many different bronze alloys but modern bronze is typically 88 % copper and 12 % tin.
Alpha bronze consists of the alpha solid solution of tin in copper.
Alpha bronze alloys of 4 – 5 % tin are used to make coins, springs, turbines and blades.
Historical " bronzes " are highly variable in composition, as most metalworkers probably used whatever scrap was on hand ; the metal of the 12th century English Gloucester Candlestick is bronze containing a mixture of copper, zinc, tin, lead, nickel, iron, antimony, arsenic with an unusually large amount of silver – between 22. 5 % in the base and 5. 76 % in the pan below the candle.
Modern cymbals consist of several types of bronze, the most common being B20 bronze, which is roughly 20 % tin, 80 % copper, with traces of silver.
A Swiss company, Paiste, uses a tougher B8 bronze which is made from 8 % tin and 92 % copper in the majority of their cymbals.
Some companies are now making saxophones from phosphor bronze ( 3. 5 to 10 % tin and up to 1 % phosphorus content ).
An ancient civilization can be in the Bronze Age either by smelting its own copper and alloying with tin, or by trading for bronze from production areas elsewhere.

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