After Vladimir Lenin's death in 1924, Marxism was transformed into Marxism-Leninism and from there to Maoism or Marxism-Leninism-Mao Zedong Thought in China which some regard as the " true doctrine " and others as a " state religion ".

Many labor unions and workers ' parties worldwide were also influenced by Marxist ideas, while various theoretical variants, such as Leninism, Stalinism, Trotskyism, and Maoism, were developed from them.

The idea of a South American – styled urban guerrilla movement, similar to the Tupamaros movement in Uruguay, combined with Régis Debray's theory of urban warfare and ideas drawn from Maoism, appealed to a number of people, including Patricia Michelle Soltysik ( a. k. a. " Mizmoon ").

Maoism, formally known as Mao Zedong Thought (), is a political theory derived from the teachings of the Chinese political leader Mao Zedong ( 1893 – 1976 ).

Although often described as an evolution of Marxism / Leninism, Maoism is defined more by its theoretical and ideological departures from orthodox Marxism or Leninism than by its similarities to the Western versions of modern socialism.

The origins of Maoism stem not from Marxist writings alone, but also from the modern Chinese intellectual tradition in which Mao was raised.

Mao ’ s " Intellectual " Marxist development can be divided into five major periods: ( 1 ) The Initial Marxist Period from 1920 – 1926 ; ( 2 ) the formative Maoist period from 1927 – 1935 ; ( 3 ) the mature Maoism period from 1935 – 1940 ; ( 4 ) the civil war period from 1940 – 1949 ; and ( 5 ) the post-1949 period, following the revolutionary victory.

Deng also separated Mao from Maoism, making it clear that Mao was fallible and hence that the truth of Maoism comes from observing social consequences rather than by using Mao's quotations as holy writ, as was done in Mao's lifetime.

The Communist Party now says that Maoism was necessary to break China free from its feudal past, but that the actions of Mao are seen to have led to excesses during the Cultural Revolution.

However, Deng stated that the revolutionary side of Maoism should be considered separate from the governance side, leading to his famous epithet that Mao was " 70 % good, 30 % bad ".

Enver Hoxha critiqued Maoism from a Marxist-Leninist perspective, arguing that new democracy halts class struggle, the theory of the three worlds is " counter-revolutionary " and questioned Mao's guerilla warfare methods.

Derrida's subsequent distance from the Tel Quel group, after 1971, has been attributed to his reservations about their embrace of Maoism and the Chinese Cultural Revolution.

After the Sino-Soviet split, Maoism likewise was condemned, and all Maoist sympathizers were expelled from the CPUSA in the early 1960s.

Rooted firmly in the Marxist tradition, the Situationist International criticized Trotskyists, Marxism-Leninism, Stalinism and Maoism from a position they believed to be further left and more properly Marxist.

Although the NBPP says it sees capitalism as the fundamental problem with the world and " revolution " as the solution, the new party does not draw its influences from Marxism or Maoism as the original party did.

The doctrinal divergence derived from Chinese and Russian national interests, and from the régimes ' respective interpretations of Marxism: Maoism and Marxism – Leninism.

The most notable examples are Sun Yat-Sen's Three Principles of the People ideology and Mao Zedong's Maoism, a variant of Marxism – Leninism.

These tendencies include Leninism, Stalinism, Trotskyism, Maoism, Luxemburgism, and libertarian Marxism.

Early currents of libertarian Marxism, known as left communism, emerged in opposition to Marxism – Leninism and its derivatives, such as Stalinism, Maoism, and Trotskyism.

In China, the claim that Mao had " adapted Marxism – Leninism to Chinese conditions " evolved into the idea that he had updated it in a fundamental way applying to the world as a whole ; consequently, the term " Marxism – Leninism – Mao Zedong Thought " ( commonly known as Maoism ) was increasingly used to describe the official Chinese state ideology as well as the ideological basis of parties around the world who sympathized with the Communist Party of China ( such as the Communist Party of the Philippines, Marxist – Leninist / Mao Zedong Thought, founded by Jose Maria Sison in 1968 ).

Following the death of Mao, Peruvian Maoists associated with the Communist Party of Peru ( Sendero Luminoso ) subsequently coined the term Marxism – Leninism – Maoism, arguing that Maoism was a more advanced stage of Marxism.

The People's Republic of China under Mao Zedong developed its own unique brand of Marxism – Leninism known as Maoism.

Mao's nationalist impulses also played a crucially important role in the adaption of Marxism to the Chinese model and in the formation of Maoism.

" Maoism and Marxism in Comparative Perspective.

* Batchelor, J. Maoism and Classical Marxism, Clio History Journal, 2009.

Although contradictory to Marxism and Maoism in many facets, it was also written into China's Constitution.

Nevertheless, despite the “ Maoism vs. Marxism – Leninism ” differences interpreting Marxism, Russia and China aided North Vietnam, headed by Ho Chi Minh, in fighting the Vietnam War ( 1945 – 75 ), which Maoism defined as a peasant revolution against foreign imperialism.

In 1968 and 1969, as its radicalism reached a fever pitch, the SDS began to split under the strain of internal dissension and increasing turn towards Maoism.

The Unified Communist Party of Nepal ( Maoist ), a national communist party with a revolutionary background, is a follower of Maoism, although it is believed that the party has developed its own ideology, Prachanda Path, which was developed taking Nepal's political, sociological and geographical constraints into consideration.

Still, this party is believed to have taken Maoism as its doctrine as its name suggests.

Throughout the better part of its existence, the Fourth International was hounded by agents of the Soviet secret police, repressed by capitalist countries such as France and the United States and rejected by followers of the Soviet Union and later Maoism as illegitimate a position these communists still hold today.

While the PAC proved to have little lasting organizational impact ( the group was suppressed a mere 11 months after its founding ), its policy of Africanism and acceptance of Maoism informed the black student uprisings of the mid and late 1970s which were led by the Black Consciousness Movement of Azania ( South Africa ) and Steve Biko.

Eventually, uniquely among the official communist parties of First World nations, the majority of the party and its newspaper The People's Voice chose to adopt Maoism.

After the collapse of Communism in Albania, the Communist Party of New Zealand gradually changed its views, renouncing its former support of Stalinism, Maoism, and Hoxhaism.

In its first decade the group leaned more to Maoism, while still considered itself to have " the kind of political independence that enables revolutionaries to speak up if they see that the cause is being damaged by the policies of the leadership of socialist countries.

The final membership of the PCdoB Maoism was in 1966 in its 6th Congress.

Even in modern times Castroism distinguishes itself from other communist ideologies, such as Trotskyism or Maoism, in that it supports a more socialist theory of governance and its focus on Latin American solidarity and Cuban nationalism, as well as the exportation of revolution to other countries ( see Angola and Congo ).

In the spring of 1992, Deng Xiaoping suddenly reappeared in public and embarked on a tour of southern China to restore faith in his reforms and stop the country's slide back into Maoism ( on the trip, he criticized the CPC for its " continuing leftism ").

In 1971 the journal broke with the French Communist Party and declared its support for Maoism.

Similar to the New Left's general direction in the late 1960s, these new organizations rejected the post-1956 Communist Party USA as revisionist, or anti-revolutionary, and also rejected Trotskyism and the Socialist Workers Party for its theoretical opposition to Maoism.

Jose Maria Sison ( born February 8, 1939, Cabugao, Commonwealth of the Philippines ) is a writer and activist who reorganized the Communist Party of the Philippines and added elements of Maoism to its philosophy.

The party describes its ideology as Marxism-Leninism, and does not use the term " Maoism " which is commonly applied to it by others.