The encoding of data by discrete bits was used in the punched cards invented by Basile Bouchon and Jean-Baptiste Falcon ( 1732 ), developed by Joseph Marie Jacquard ( 1804 ), and later adopted by Semen Korsakov, Charles Babbage, Hermann Hollerith, and early computer manufacturers like IBM.

#* Napoléon ( II ) François Joseph Charles Bonaparte ( 1811 – 1832 ) Napoléon II, son of Archduchess Marie Louise of Austria of the Habsburg dynasty

#* Napoléon Joseph Charles Paul Bonaparte ( 1822 – 1891 ), called Plon-Plon married Princess Marie Clothilde of Savoy daughter of Victor Emmanuel II of Italy

#**** Jérôme Xavier Marie Joseph Victor Bonaparte ( born 1957 )

Austria proper ( as opposed to the complex of Habsburg lands as a whole ) had been an Archduchy since the 15th century, and most of the other territories of the Empire had their own institutions and territorial history, although there were some attempts at centralization, especially during the reign of Marie Therese and her son Joseph II and then finalized in the early 19th century.

Pétion, Latour-Maubourg, and Antoine Pierre Joseph Marie Barnave, representing the Assembly, met the royal family at Épernay and returned with them.

Participants in the July Revolution included Marie Joseph Paul Ives Roch Gilbert du Motier, marquis de Lafayette.

*: 1801: Joseph Marie Jacquard invents the Jacquard loom, the first machine to use punched cards to control a sequence of operations.

* 1752 – Joseph Marie Jacquard, French inventor and merchant, invented the Jacquard loom ( d. 1834 )

Jean Joseph Marie Amiot ( Chinese: 錢德明, Pinyin: Qian Deming ; February 1718-October 9, 1793 ) was a French

Joseph Marie Amiot was born at Toulon.

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The Jacquard loom is a mechanical loom, invented by Joseph Marie Jacquard in 1801, that simplifies the process of manufacturing textiles with complex patterns such as brocade, damask and matelasse.

* 1793 – Jean Joseph Marie Amiot, French missionary ( b. 1718 )

Other modern translations include those by: James Winny, Helen Cooper, W. S. Merwin, Marie Borroff, Jacob Rosenberg, William Vantuono, Joseph Glaser and Bernard O ' Donoghue.

Léo Taxil was the pen name of Marie Joseph Gabriel Antoine Jogand-Pagès, who had been accused earlier of libel regarding a book he wrote called The Secret Loves of Pope Pius IX.

* July 7 – Joseph Marie Jacquard, French inventor ( d. 1834 )

* December 3 – Joseph Marie Elisabeth Durocher, geologist ( b. 1817 )

* October 9 – Jean Joseph Marie Amiot, French Jesuit missionary ( b. 1718 )

* August 7 – Joseph Marie Jacquard, French inventor ( b. 1752 )

* February 18 – Joseph Marie Terray, French statesman ( b. 1715 )

Marie Antoinette, at the age of thirteen ; this miniature portrait was sent to the dauphin, so he could see his bride before he met her, by Joseph Ducreux ( 1769 ).

Portrait of Marie Antoinette in hunting attire ( a favorite of her mother ), by Joseph Krantzinger ( 1771 ), Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna.

De Amore was written at the request of Marie de Champagne, daughter of King Louis VII of France and of Eleanor of Aquitaine.

* 1770 – Marie Antoinette marries Louis XVI in a proxy wedding.

:* St. Louis has annual festivals in both the Soulard neighborhood and the former French village of Carondelet, Missouri which include reenactments of the beheading of Marie Antoinette and Louis XVI, as well as reconstructed French fur trading posts.

#*** Louis Jérôme Victor Emmanuel Léopold Marie Bonaparte ( 1914 – 1997 ), married Alix de Foresta

Among the plays which he wrote in French, the most successful was Le bourru bienfaisant, produced on the occasion of the marriage of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette in 1771.

One notable use was during the French Revolution, when the dethroned King Louis XVI ( a member of the House of Bourbon and a direct male-line descendant of Hugh Capet ) and Queen Marie Antoinette ( a member of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine ) were referred to as " Louis and Antoinette Capet " ( the queen being addressed as " the Widow Capet " after the execution of her husband ).

David sent many people to the guillotine and personally signed the death warrants for King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette.

Whatever the truth Olympia, rather than face trial, subsequently fled France for Brussels in January 1680, leaving Eugene in the care of his father's mother, Marie de Bourbon, and her daughter, Hereditary Princess of Baden, mother of Prince Louis of Baden.

Louis XVI, egged on by Marie Antoinette and other members of his family, opposed the course of the Revolution, but rejected the potentially treacherous aid of the other monarchs of Europe.

Louis XVI had already been guillotined before the start of the terror ; Queen Marie Antoinette, Barnave, Bailly, Brissot and other leading Girondins, Philippe Égalité ( despite his vote for the death of the King ), Madame Roland and many others were executed by guillotine.

Alphonse Marie Louis de Lamartine, who had been a leader of the moderate republicans in France during the 1840s became the Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Provisional Government that was established by this Assembly.

* Marie Eleonore ( 22 March 1607 – 18 February 1675 ), married Louis Philip, Count Palatine of Simmern-Kaiserslautern

* 1774 – Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette become King and Queen of France.

* 1793 – Marie Antoinette, widow of Louis XVI, is guillotined at the height of the French Revolution.

* DeCormenin, Louis Marie ; Gihon, James L., A Complete History of the Popes of Rome, from Saint Peter, the First Bishop to Pius the Ninth ( 1857 )

However, according to Louis Marie DeCormenin, Stephen was the key person responsible for issuing the orders, and took great delight in destroying his rival and his supporters.

* DeCormenin, Louis Marie ; Gihon, James L., A Complete History of the Popes of Rome, from Saint Peter, the First Bishop to Pius the Ninth ( 1857 )

* DeCormenin, Louis Marie ; Gihon, James L., A Complete History of the Popes of Rome, from Saint Peter, the First Bishop to Pius the Ninth ( 1857 )

* DeCormenin, Louis Marie ; Gihon, James L., A Complete History of the Popes of Rome, from Saint Peter, the First Bishop to Pius the Ninth ( 1857 )

He was the fourth child of Baron Charles Louis Frédy, Baron de Coubertin and Marie – Marcelle Gigault de Crisenoy.

The guillotine ( called the " National Razor ") became the symbol of the revolutionary cause, strengthened by a string of executions: Marie Antoinette, King Louis XVI, the Girondins, Philippe Égalité ( Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans ), and Madame Roland, as well as many others, such as pioneering chemist Antoine Lavoisier, lost their lives under its blade.

The term socialism is attributed to Pierre Leroux, and to Marie Roch Louis Reybaud ; and in Britain to Robert Owen in 1827, father of the cooperative movement.