In 1947 and 1948 the necessity of massive coordinated efforts to achieve economic recovery led to the formation of the Organization for European Economic Cooperation to supervise and coordinate the uses of American aid under the Marshall Plan.

`` One, modern equipment -- much of it supplied under the Marshall Plan -- enables Fiat to turn out 2,100 cars a day.

* 1948 – President Harry S. Truman signs the Marshall Plan, authorizing $ 5 billion in aid for 16 countries.

In a June 5, 1947 speech, comporting with the Truman Doctrine, Marshall announced a comprehensive program of American assistance to all European countries wanting to participate, including the Soviet Union and those of Eastern Europe, called the Marshall Plan.

Fearing American political, cultural and economic penetration, Stalin eventually forbade Soviet Eastern bloc countries of the newly formed Cominform from accepting Marshall Plan aid.

In Czechoslovakia, that required a Soviet-backed Czechoslovak coup d ' état of 1948, the brutality of which shocked Western powers more than any event so far and set in a motion a brief scare that war would occur and swept away the last vestiges of opposition to the Marshall Plan in the United States Congress.

After the Marshall Plan, the introduction of a new currency to Western Germany to replace the debased Reichsmark and massive electoral losses for communist parties in 1946, in June 1948, the Soviet Union cut off surface road access to Berlin.

The Eastern leaders retaliated against these steps by integrating the economies of their nations in Comecon, their version of the Marshall Plan ; exploding the first Soviet atomic device in 1949 ; signing an alliance with People's Republic of China in February 1950 ; and forming the Warsaw Pact, Eastern Europe's counterpart to NATO, in 1955.

In a crucial contribution to the economic stability of post-War Europe, Attlee's cabinet was instrumental in promoting the American Marshall Plan for the economic recovery of Europe.

After the war, the U. S. rose to become the dominant non-colonial economic power with broad influence in much of the world, with the key policies of the Marshall Plan and the Truman Doctrine.

Eisenhower's stint as president of Columbia University was punctuated by his activity within the Council on Foreign Relations, a study group he led as president concerning the political and military implications of the Marshall Plan, and The American Assembly, Eisenhower's " vision of a great cultural center where business, professional and governmental leaders could meet from time to time to discuss and reach conclusions concerning problems of a social and political nature ".

* European Recovery Program ( official name of the Marshall Plan )

Capra was assigned to work directly under Chief of Staff George C. Marshall, the most senior officer in command of the Army, who would later create the Marshall Plan and be awarded a Nobel Peace Prize.

As a consequence, Finland did not participate in the Marshall Plan, and took neutral positions on Soviet overseas initiatives.

Contrary to popular belief, the Marshall Plan, which was extended to also include Western Germany after it was realized that the suppression of the Western German economy was holding back the recovery of the rest of Europe, was not the main force behind the Wirtschaftswunder.

The amount of monetary aid ( which was in the form of loans ) received by Germany through the Marshall Plan ( about $ 1. 65 billion in total ) was far overshadowed by the amount the Germans had to pay back as war reparations and by the charges the Allies made on the Germans for the ongoing cost of occupation ( about $ 2. 4 billion per year ).

The 1948 Marshall Plan and strong cultural ties have crafted a strong bond between the two countries, although Schröder's very vocal opposition to the Iraq War suggested the end of Atlanticism and a relative cooling of German-American relations.

The recovery was accelerated by the currency reform of June 1948, U. S. gifts of $ 1. 4 billion as part of the Marshall Plan, the breaking down of old trade barriers and traditional practices, and the opening of the global market.

The currency reforms were simultaneous with the $ 1. 4 billion in Marshall Plan money coming in from the United States, which was used primarily for investment.

In addition, the Marshall Plan forced German companies, as well as those in all of Western Europe, to modernize their business practices and take account of the international market.

Politically, the Marshall Islands is a presidential republic in free association with the United States, with the US providing defense, funding grants, and access to social services.

By 1952 as the funding ended, the economy of every participant state had surpassed pre-war levels ; for all Marshall Plan recipients, output in 1951 was at least 35 % higher than in 1938.

Schmertz was able to gain funding for the show and he and several other men, including Frank Marshall, met in London and made a selection of programs to be broadcast.

Subsequently, outgoing American ambassador Clyde Bishop commented in late April 2009 that future funding to the entire Republic of the Marshall Islands was dependent on the use of Kwajalein.

The bereaved families of conscripted Korean laborers have also recently traveled in groups to the Marshall Islands and other parts of Micronesia, the Philippines, and Indonesia, with funding from the Japanese government, although they have not yet paid a group visit to Kwajalein.

Such students may find funding through outside funders such as private foundations, such as the German Marshall Fund or the Social Science Research Council ( SSRC ).

Cooper continued his independence from his party throughout his term, vocally opposing Republican plans to cut taxes despite record national budget deficits and resisting the party's efforts to reduce funding for the Marshall Plan to rebuild Europe in the aftermath of the war.

Axelrod, along with fellow Nobel-laurates Marshall W. Nirenberg and Christian Anfinsen, organized a petition by scientists opposed to the new agency, on the grounds that by focusing solely on cancer, public funding would not be available for research into other, more solvable, medical problems.

Always a staunch supporter of Israel, Javits served on the House Foreign Affairs Committee during all four of his terms and supported congressional funding for the Marshall Plan and all components of the Truman Doctrine.

In December 2004 the organisation published a joint report with the George C. Marshall Institute in Washington, a thinktank that has received $ 715, 000 in funding from the U. S. oil company, ExxonMobil.

Initial funding was obtained through the Ministry of Defence ( Denmark ) as the Danish Military had been given a grant through the Marshall Plan for cipher machines for which the military saw no immediate need.

Dwan also helped launch the career of two other very successful Hollywood directors, Victor Fleming, who went on to direct The Wizard of Oz and Gone With the Wind, and Marshall Neilan, who became an actor, director, writer and producer.

Samuel Eliot Morison wrote that had Marshall carried out his constitutional duties, assumed the presidency, and made the concessions necessary for the passage of the League of Nations treaty in late 1920, the United States would have been much more involved in European affairs and could have helped prevent the rise of Adolf Hitler, which began in the following year.

" Large loans from the United States and Marshall Plan grants helped rebuild and modernize its infrastructure and business practices.

Agnes Marshall was a celebrated cookery writer of her day and helped to popularise ice cream.

Acheson helped design the Marshall Plan and played a central role in the development of the Truman Doctrine and creation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

His father, Harvey Hollister Bundy, was from Grand Rapids, Michigan and was a diplomat who helped implement the Marshall Plan.

Webster's speech in support of Dartmouth ( which he described as " a small college ," adding, " and yet there are those who love it ") was so moving that it apparently helped convince Chief Justice John Marshall, also reportedly bringing tears to Webster's eyes.

Marshall and Jean Stearns concluded that all of these dancers, and others, helped create the routine since it contained elements of various older steps.

Three games into his sophomore season, he became Pitt's all-time leader in career rushing yards, surpassing the old record of 1, 957 yards set by Marshall Goldberg, who helped Pitt to a national championship in 1937.

He played a leading role in setting up the European Free Trade Association, helped solve the South Tyrol question with Italy, and proposed a " Marshall Plan " for the countries of the Third World.

Robert Caro, in his book " Years of Lyndon Johnson: Path to Power ", states that, in 1937, Douglas helped persuade President Roosevelt to authorize a controversial dam, the Marshall Ford Dam, that was a key to cementing Johnson's power as a congressman.

As an intellectual architect of the Marshall Plan, Kennan helped launch the pillar of economic and political containment of the Soviet Union.

The Marshall Mission helped to bring about a temporary cease-fire and but its plans for a political-military settlement did not succeed.

The founding president of the school is former Batavia Superintendent Stephanie Pace Marshall, winner of the Lincoln Laureate Award, who was involved with the project from the start and helped write IMSA's original legislation.

After the Civil War Lane returned to Marshall where he helped to establish the Texas Veterans Association.

Marshall supports Aston Villa and has said that a card from the club helped him through his accident.

Har Gobind Khorana also known as Hargobind Khorana ( January 9, 1922 – November 9, 2011 ) was an Indian biochemist who shared the 1968 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine with Marshall W. Nirenberg and Robert W. Holley for research that helped to show how the nucleotides in nucleic acids, which carry the genetic code of the cell, control the cell ’ s synthesis of proteins.

He joined the American Red Cross as a member of the board of governors in 1947, helped reorganize it after World War II, served as manager for the organization's North Atlantic area from 1944 to 1946, was its vice-president and national annual fund appeal chair in 1949, and was appointed its president by President Truman, to succeed General George Marshall in 1950.

The movie's success and notoriety helped launch the career of Jessica Lange, although she reportedly received some negative publicity regarding her debut performance that, according to film reviewer Marshall Fine, " almost destroyed her career ".

His father, Harvey Hollister Bundy, was a diplomat who helped implement the Marshall Plan.

He helped develop the Marshall Plan for reconstruction of Europe after World War II.

Bodley became acquainted with William Morris in the late 1850s, and in the 1860s his commissions for stained glass and ecclesiastical decoration helped ensure the success of Morris's firm, Morris, Marshall, Faulkner & Co., founded in 1861.

During his successive governments Italy became a Republic ( 1946 ), signed a Peace Treaty with the Allies ( 1947 ), a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization ( NATO ) in 1949 and an ally of the United States, which helped to revive the Italian economy through the Marshall Plan.