Up until 1912, both groups continued to stay united under the name " RSDLP ", but significant differences between Lenin and Martov thought split the party for its ' final time.

For a while Martov led the small Menshevik opposition group in the Constituent Assembly until the Bolsheviks abolished it.

In 1903, following the split of the RSDLP, Lenin left the staff ( after his initial proposal to reduce the editorial board to three-himself, Julius Martov and Georgi Plekhanov-was vehemently opposed ), the newspaper fell under the control of the Mensheviks and was published by Plekhanov until 1905.

At the 2nd Congress of the RSDLP in August 1903, Lenin and Martov disagreed, first about which persons should be in the editorial committee of the party newspaper Iskra, and then about the definition of a " party member " in the future party statute.

Martov was originally a close colleague of Vladimir Lenin and with him founded the League of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class in 1895.

In 1903 the RSDLP split into two wings: the radical Bolsheviks, led by Lenin, and the relatively moderate Mensheviks, led by Lenin's former friend Yuli Martov.

In the 2nd Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, held in Brussels and London during August 1903, Lenin and Julius Martov disagreed over the membership rules.

Neither Lenin nor Martov had a firm majority throughout the Congress as delegates left or switched sides.

Once abroad, he moved to London to join Georgi Plekhanov, Vladimir Lenin, Julius Martov and other editors of Iskra.

Unknown to Trotsky, the six editors of Iskra were evenly split between the " old guard " led by Plekhanov and the " new guard " led by Lenin and Martov.

Lenin and his supporters, the Bolsheviks, argued for a smaller but highly organized party while Martov and his supporters, the Mensheviks, argued for a larger and less disciplined party.

In a surprise development, Trotsky and most of the Iskra editors supported Martov and the Mensheviks while Plekhanov supported Lenin and the Bolsheviks.

Within the RSDLP, Lenin, Trotsky and Martov advocated various internationalist anti-war positions, while Plekhanov and other social democrats ( both Bolsheviks and Mensheviks ) supported the Russian government to some extent.

Trotsky attended the Zimmerwald Conference of anti-war socialists in September 1915 and advocated a middle course between those who, like Martov, would stay within the Second International at any cost and those who, like Lenin, would break with the Second International and form a Third International.

Starting in 1903 a series of splits in the party between two main leaders was escalating, the Bolsheviks ( meaning " majority ") led by Vladimir Lenin, and the Mensheviks ( meaning minority ) led by Julius Martov.

The Mensheviks (, ) were a faction of the Russian revolutionary movement that emerged in 1904 after a dispute between Vladimir Lenin and Julius Martov, both members of the Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party.

While the difference in the definitions was very small, with Lenin's being slightly more exclusive ( Lenin's formulation required the party member to be a member of one of the party's organizations, whereas Martov's only stated that he should work under the guidance of a party organization ), it was indicative of what became an essential difference between the philosophies of the two emerging factions: Lenin argued for a small party of professional revolutionaries with a large fringe of non-party sympathizers and supporters, whereas Martov believed it was better to have a large party of activists with broad representation.

Both were exiled to Siberia for this but Martov was sent to Turukhansk in the Arctic while Lenin was sent to the comparatively warm ' Siberian Italy '.

This was because Martov was Jewish while Lenin was a nobleman.

Forced to leave Russia and with other radical political figures living in exile, Martov joined the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party ( RSDLP ) and, in 1900, was one of the founding members, with Lenin, of the party journal Iskra.

At the Second Congress of the RSDLP in London in 1903, there was a dispute between Martov and Lenin over who was to be considered a member of the RSDLP.

Lenin had published his ideas for moving the party forward in his pamphlet What Is to Be Done ?, which was considered to be a document putting forward the views of the entire Iskra group led by Lenin and Martov.

However, in the London Congress of the party differing definitions of party membership were put forward by the two men, with Lenin arguing for a restricted membership of fully committed cadre while Martov argued for a looser interpretation of membership.

Both Martov and Lenin based their ideas for party organization on those prevailing in the European social democratic parties, in particular that of Germany.

In 1914 Martov opposed the First World War, which he viewed as an imperialist war in terms very similar to those of Lenin and Trotsky.

In January 1915 he began editing ( at first with Martov, who soon resigned as the paper moved to the left ) Nashe Slovo (" Our Word "), an internationalist socialist newspaper, in Paris.

The Mensheviks largely maintained that Russia had the right to defend herself against Germany, although Martov ( a prominent Menshevik ), now on the left of his group, demanded an end to the war and a settlement on the basis of national self-determination, with no annexations or indemnities.

Martov became one of the outstanding Menshevik leaders along with George Plekhanov, Fedor Dan and Irakli Tsereteli.

Martov was always to be found on the left wing of the Menshevik faction and supported the reunification with the Bolsheviks in 1905.

The young man turned on Martov with unconcealed bitterness: ' And we amongst ourselves had thought, Martov would at least remain with us.

' Martov stopped and with a characteristic movement tossed up his head to emphasize his reply: ' One day you will understand the crime in which you are taking part.

Based in Geneva, the Emancipation of Labor Group attempted to popularize the economic and historical ideas of Karl Marx, in which they met with some success, attracting such eminent intellectuals as Peter Struve, Vladimir Ulianov ( Lenin ), Iulii Martov, and Alexander Potresov to the organization.

Dan aligned himself with Julius Martov who wanted to have a larger party of activists, rather than Vladimir Lenin's conception of a smaller party of professional revolutionaries.

On his release from prison Tsereteli joined the Social Democratic Labour Party ( SDLP ) and at the party's 1903 congress in London sided with Julius Martov against Vladimir Lenin.

Ultimately, the proposition to join the Comintern was approved at a party convention in Halle in October 1920 by 237 votes to 156, with various international speakers including Julius Martov, Jean Longuet and Grigory Zinoviev.

The Bund generally sided with the party's Menshevik faction led by Julius Martov and against the Bolshevik faction led by Vladimir Lenin during the factional struggles in the run up to the Russian Revolution of 1917.

After escaping from his exile, Shahumyan went to Germany, where he met with other exiles from the Russian Empire, notably Julius Martov, Vladimir Lenin and Georgi Plekhanov.

By 1905 Hillman — along with many others in the Bund — had come to identify himself with the Menshevik wing of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party ( RSDLP ), identifying in particular with the internationalism of Julius Martov.

Israel Getzler, in Martov: A Political Biography of a Russian Social Democrat ( Cambridge U. P., 1967, p. 74 ) says he was " intensely disliked by all and sundry the exception of Lenin ... Nikolaevsky sums him up as a drunken brawler ... J. Steinberg, Als ich Volkskommisar war ( Munich, 1929 ), has devoted an entire chapter ... to Krasikov's misdeeds as co-chairman ( together with the notorious M. Iu.

After the reforms brought about by the 1905 Revolution, Martov argued that it was the role of revolutionaries to provide a militant opposition to the new bourgeois government.

It was these views of Martov that predominated in a manifesto drawn up by Leon Trotsky ( a major Bolshevik revolutionary ) at a conference in Zimmerwald, attended by thirty-five Socialist leaders in September 1915.

In 1900, Axelrod, Plekhanov and Zasulich joined forces with younger revolutionary Marxists Julius Martov, Vladimir Lenin and Alexander Potresov and the six edited Iskra, a Marxist newspaper, from 1900 to 1903.