The most notable examples are Sun Yat-Sen's Three Principles of the People ideology and Mao Zedong's Maoism, a variant of Marxism – Leninism.

Hoxha's leadership was characterized by his proclaimed firm adherence to anti-revisionist Marxism – Leninism from the mid-1970s onwards.

Early currents of libertarian Marxism, known as left communism, emerged in opposition to Marxism – Leninism and its derivatives, such as Stalinism, Maoism, and Trotskyism.

Libertarian Marxism includes such currents as Luxemburgism, council communism, left communism, Socialisme ou Barbarie, the Johnson – Forest tendency, world socialism, Lettrism / Situationism and operaismo / autonomism, and New Left.

The highly decentralized and democratic nature of the proposed De Leonist government is in contrast to the democratic centralism of Marxism – Leninism and what they see as the dictatorial nature of the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China and other " communist " states.

Developed by, and named for, the Russian revolutionary Vladimir Lenin ( Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, 1870 – 1924 ), Leninism comprises political and socialist economic theories, developed from Marxism, and Lenin ’ s interpretations of Marxist theory, for practical application to the socio-political conditions of the agrarian Russian Empire ( 1721 – 1917 ) of the early 20th century.

Moreover, in post – Lenin Russia, in the 1925 – 29 period, Joseph Stalin integrated Leninism to Marxist economics, and developed Marxism – Leninism, which then became the Communist state ideology of the USSR.

Thus, Lenin's practical application of Marxism and working-class urban revolution to the social, political, and economic conditions of the agrarian peasant society that was Tsarist Russia sparked the “ revolutionary nationalism of the poor ” to depose the absolute monarchy of the three-hundred-year Romanov dynasty ( 1613 – 1917 ).

Maurice Merleau-Ponty () ( 14 March 1908 – 3 May 1961 ) was a French phenomenological philosopher, strongly influenced by Karl Marx, Edmund Husserl, and Martin Heidegger in addition to being closely associated with Jean-Paul Sartre ( who later stated he had been " converted " to Marxism by Merleau-Ponty ) and Simone de Beauvoir.

Lenin was an advocate of the socio-political theory of Marxism, first developed by the German sociologists Karl Marx ( 1818 – 1883 ) and Friedrich Engels ( 1820 – 1895 ) in the mid-19th century, and Li's articles helped bring an understanding of Marxism to the Chinese revolutionary movement, even though he failed to fully understand it himself.

Beginning to read and discuss the work of Marx with Li and other like-minded radicals at a Marxist Study Group, he eventually " developed rapidly toward Marxism " under Li's tutelage during the winter of 1918 – 19, looking for ways to combine it with ancient Chinese philosophies that would be applicable to modern China.

Marxism – Leninism is a communist ideology, officially based upon the theories of Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels and Vladimir Lenin, that promotes the development and creation of an international communist society through the leadership of a vanguard party presiding over a revolutionary socialist state that represents a dictatorship of the proletariat.

Marxism – Leninism ( and its derivatives ) was the dominant ideology of the international Communist movement following the ascension of Joseph Stalin in the Soviet Union, and as such, it is the political ideology and movement most often associated with the word " Communism ".

Marxism – Leninism is a far-left ideology based on principles of class conflict, egalitarianism, dialectical materialism, rationalism, and social progress.

Additionally, Marxism – Leninism opposes certain aspects of other forms of Marxian socialism, including left communism and council communism, as well as certain aspects of non-Marxist socialist movements, such as anarchism and syndicalism.

According to G. Lisichkin, Marxism – Leninism as a separate ideology was compiled by Stalin in his book " The questions of Leninism ".

During the period of Stalin's rule in the Soviet Union, Marxism – Leninism was proclaimed the official ideology of the state.

Trotskyists in particular believe that Stalinism contradicted authentic Marxism and Leninism, and they initially used the term " Bolshevik – Leninism " to describe their own ideology of anti-Stalinist ( and later anti-Maoist ) communism.

* Fundamentals of Marxism Leninism

* Fundamentals of Marxism Leninism

Among Stalin's contributions to Communist theoretical literature were " Dialectical and Historical Materialism ," " Marxism and the National Question ", " Trotskyism or Leninism ", and " The Principles of Leninism.

These tendencies include Leninism, Stalinism, Trotskyism, Maoism, Luxemburgism, and libertarian Marxism.

After the October Revolution of 1917, Leninism was the dominant version of Marxism in Russia, and then the official state ideology of Soviet democracy ( by workers ’ council ) in the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic ( RSFSR ), before its unitary amalgamation into the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR ), in 1922.

Left communists rejected " Marxism – Leninism " as an anti-Marxist current.

The term " Marxism – Leninism " is often used by those who believe that Lenin's legacy was successfully carried forward by Joseph Stalin ( Stalinists ).

A communist revolution is a proletarian revolution inspired by the ideas of Marxism that aims to replace capitalism with communism, typically with socialism as an intermediate stage.

They wanted a proletarian revolution inspired by the ideas of Marxism that aims to replace capitalism with communism.

The idea that a proletarian revolution is needed is a cornerstone of Marxism ; Marxists believe that the workers of the world must unite and free themselves from capitalist oppression to create a world run by and for the working class.

While their attempts to create a bridge between Poland's history and Soviet Marxism ideology were mildly successful, especially in comparison to similar efforts in most other countries of the Eastern Bloc, they have been to much extent stifled by the regime's unwillingness to step too far and risk the wrath of Soviets for going too far from the Soviet party line.

With Saville and others, he set up the New Reasoner, a journal that sought to develop a democratic socialist alternative to what its editors considered the ossified official Marxism of the Communist and Trotskyist parties and the managerialist cold war social democracy of the Labour Party and its international allies.

In the twentieth century, in addition to contemporary theories of liberal internationalism, Marxism has been a foundation of international relations.

The first formulation of international dependence theory, neocolonial dependence theory, has its origins in Marxism and views the failure of many developing nations to undergo successful development as being the result of the historical development of the international capitalist system.

Lafargue became involved in redirecting the trend toward Marxism, an activity that was largely developed under directions from Friedrich Engels, and one that became intertwined with the struggles that both tendencies had at the international level-as the Spanish federation of the International was one of the main pillars of the Anarchist group.

: The Situationist International ( SI ) was a small group of international political and artistic agitators with roots in Marxism, Lettrism and the early 20th century European artistic and political avant-gardes.

However, international meetings of the leaderships of the IS tendency did develop, usually held in conjunction with the ( renamed in 1977 ) British Socialist Workers Party's Marxism Summer School, held in London.

The NLR — as it came to be known — drew on debates within Western Marxism and broadened its international coverage.

SA host an annual conference in Melbourne each year called Marxism, which has grown to attract several hundred participants, including national and international guest speakers such as John Pilger and Malalai Joya.

Along with Dr. Walter Riehl, he drafted the Jihlava party program of 1913 " which contained a more detailed comparison of international Marxism and national socialism and a more pointed attack on capitalism, Democracy, alien peoples, and Jews.

Friedman pursued political philosophy with his early work focusing on Marxism, as well as international conflict, including examination of the U. S .- Soviet relationship from a military perspective.

Mao Zedong ( Máo zé dōng ) added Marxism, Stalinism, and other communist thought.

After the Sino – Soviet split, communist parties of the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China each claimed to be the sole intellectual heir to Marxism – Leninism.

Some contemporary communist parties continue to regard Marxism – Leninism as their basic ideology, although some have modified it to adapt to new and local political circumstances.

The appellation " Marxist – Leninist " is often used by those not familiar with communist ideology in any detail ( e. g. many newspapers and other media ) as a synonym for any kind of Marxism.

Marxism – Leninism supports the creation of a single-party state led by a Marxist-Leninist communist party as a means to develop socialism and then communism.

Marxism – Leninism asserts that society is united upon common interests represented through the communist party and other institutions of the Marxist-Leninist state and in Marxist-Leninist states where opposition political parties have been permitted they have not been permitted to advocate political platforms significantly different from the communist party.

Developments of Marxism – Leninism and communist revolution occurred in Asia in this period.

In addition to being the guiding principle behind most literary works in communist and socialist Russia, Marxism also greatly influenced many Western writers.

Parsons was interested in socialism and communism, but he was sceptical of the ideas of Marxism and how they had been put into action by self-described ' communist ' governments of the time, sarcastically writing that " The dictatorship of the proletariat is merely temporary — the state will eventually wither away like a snark hunter, leaving us all free as birds.

He traveled to Britain in 1919 to study political economy, where he deepened his studies of Marxism and became a confirmed communist.

Like many British intellectuals at the time, Nosaka deepened his studies of Marxism, and became a confirmed communist at the university.

In classical Marxism, communism is the final phase of history at which time the state would have " withered away " and therefore " communist state " is a contradiction in terms under premises of this theory.

While Marxism – Leninism is usually described as an ideology rather than religion, many communist states placed importance on the preservation of the remains of their respective founders, and making them available for veneration by citizens.

In the early 1960s Negri joined the editorial group of Quaderni Rossi, a journal that represented the intellectual rebirth of Marxism in Italy outside the realm of the communist party.

In spite of accusations by the Suharto regime that East Timor's independence movement, Fretilin, was communist, many of its leaders had trained to be priests, and their philosophy probably owed more to the Catholic liberation theology of Latin America than to Marxism.

Camilo Torres Restrepo was often considered to be a Christian Communist due to his attempts, as a priest, to reconcile Roman Catholicism with Marxism and the communist revolution.

He has continually published writings on Marxism and Maoism for over 35 years and is viewed by many inside and outside the communist movement as the foremost Maoist revolutionary in the U. S. He has described his body of theoretical work and everything he does as a communist leader as focused on " developing a scientific understanding of the world and providing leadership in radically transforming it toward the goal of revolution and the final aim of communism.

For example, Martin Buber drew on Hassidism in articulating his anarchist philosophy, Gershom Scholem was an anarchist and a kabbalah scholar, Walter Benjamin was equally influenced by Marxism and Jewish messianism, Gustav Landauer was a religious Jew and a libertarian communist, Jacob Israël de Haan combined socialism with Haredi Judaism, while left-libertarian Bernard Lazare became a passionately Jewish Zionist in 1897 but wrote 2 years later to Herzl – and by extension to the Zionist Action Committee, " You are bourgeois in thoughts, bourgeois in your feelings, bourgeois in your ideas, bourgeois in your conception of society .".

The history of the communist movement in Iran dates back to the late 19th century, when Marxism first became introduced to the nation's intellectual and working classes as a result of the rapid growth of industry and the subsequent transformation of the country from feudalism into capitalism.