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Mastectomy for breast cancer was performed at least as early as 548 AD, when it was proposed by the court physician Aëtius of Amida to Theodora.
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Mastectomy and for
Mastectomy is the medical term for the surgical removal of one or both breasts, partially or completely.
A Mastectomy is performed, often including a nipple graft for those with a B or larger cup size.
As the National Society for Cancer Relief, the organization provided funding to support the work of the Breast Care and Mastectomy Association of Great Britain which would later become Breast Cancer Care.
Mastectomy and breast
Mastectomy is usually done to treat breast cancer ; in some cases, women and some men believed to be at high risk of breast cancer have the operation prophylactically, that is, to prevent cancer rather than treat it.
Mastectomy rates vary tremendously worldwide, as was documented by the 2004 ' Intergroup Exemestane Study ', an analysis of surgical techniques used in an international trial of adjuvant treatment among 4, 700 women with early breast cancer in 37 countries.
Image: BreastCancer. jpg | Mastectomy specimen containing a very large cancer of the breast ( in this case, an invasive ductal carcinoma )
Diagnosed with breast cancer in 1990, Vance underwent a single mastectomy and incorporated the experience into a solo skit, " The Radical Girl's Guide to Radical Mastectomy.
Chalke has since encouraged breast cancer detection and prevention, and starred in the Lifetime movie Why I Wore Lipstick to My Mastectomy.
Mastectomy specimen containing a very large invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast.
Mastectomy and cancer
*: File: Mastectomie 02. jpg except on Mastectomy, Breast cancer, Breast augmentation, Breast implant
Mastectomy and was
She was featured on India. Arie's song " I Am Not My Hair " from the Lifetime Television film Why I Wore Lipstick to My Mastectomy.
Mastectomy and at
* Mastectomy study at BBC
* Mastectomy article at eMedicine
Mastectomy and by
* Extended Radical Mastectomy: Radical mastectomy with intrapleural en bloc resection of internal mammary lymph node by sternal splitting.
Mastectomy and .
* Female-to-Male. org FTM Phalloplasty, Metoidioplasty, Mastectomy and Testosterone HRT
* Female-to-Male. org FTM Phalloplasty, Metoidioplasty, Mastectomy and Testosterone HRT
for and breast
All of them were there in this loosely knit association of diversified ideologies, and each berated the other and beat his breast for his own approaches.
Recently, for example, a paranoid woman's large-scale philosophizing, in the session, about the intrusive curiosity which has become, in her opinion, a deplorable characteristic of mid-twentieth-century human culture, developed itself, before the end of the session, into a suspicion that I was surreptitiously peeking at her partially exposed breast, as indeed I was.
Use one 6-ounce chicken breast for each guest.
In West Africa, for example, where meat is a luxury and babies must be weaned early to make room at the breast for later arrivals, a childhood menace is kwashiorkor, or `` Red Johnny '', a growth-stunting protein deficiency ( signs: reddish hair, bloated belly ) that kills more than half its victims, leaves the rest prey for parasites and lingering tropical disease.
If an implant is used, the individual runs the same risks and complications as those who use them for breast augmentation but has higher rates of capsular contracture ( tightening or hardening of the scar tissue around the implant ) and revisional surgeries.
Outcomes based research on quality of life improvements and psychosocial benefits associated with breast reconstruction served as the stimulus in the United States for the 1998 Women's Health and Cancer Rights Act, which mandated health care payer coverage for breast and nipple reconstruction, contralateral procedures to achieve symmetry, and treatment for the sequelae of mastectomy.
There are many methods for breast reconstruction.
** Abdominal flaps The abdominal flap for breast reconstruction is the TRAM flap ( Transverse Rectus Abdominis Myocutaneous flap ) or its technically distinct variants of microvascular " perforator flaps " like the DIEP / SIEP flaps.
The breast is an apocrine gland that produces milk to feed an infant child ; for which the nipple of the breast is centred in ( surrounded by ) an areola ( nipple-areola complex, NAC ), the skin color of which varies from pink to dark brown, and has many sebaceous glands.
This continues for approximately four years until establishing the final shape of the breast ( size, volume, density ) when she is a woman of approximately 21 years of age.
The round shape of the breast helps to limit the loss of maternal body heat, because milk production depends upon a higher-temperature environment for the proper, milk-production function of the mammary gland tissues, the lactiferous ducts.
In the United States, the Teton Range is named after the French word for " breast ".
A popular legend at the time was of the Amazons, a tribe of fierce female warriors who socialized with men only for procreation and even removed one breast to become better warriors ( the idea being that the right breast would interfere with the operation of a bow and arrow ).
Breast augmentation: the pre-operative ( left ) and the post-operative ( right ) aspects of a procedure for implanting breast implant s.
Furthermore, in the case of the obese woman, a breast lift ( mastopexy ) procedure, with or without a breast volume reduction, can be part of an upper-body lift and contouring for the woman who has undergone massive body weight loss.
for and cancer
When some question arises in the medical field concerning cancer, for instance, we do not turn to free and open discussion as in a political campaign.
He milks the latest scientific advances, translating them into his own special Buck Rogers vocabulary to huckster his fake machines as a cure-all for everything from hay fever to sexual impotence and cancer.
In California, a few years ago, a ghoul by the name of H. F. Bell sold electric blankets as a cure for cancer.
He has -- for unclear reasons -- a 25% higher death rate from cancer.
What concerns him much more is the relationship of diet to the nation's No. 1 killer: coronary artery disease, which accounts for more than half of all heart fatalities and kills 500,000 Americans a year -- twice the toll from all varieties of cancer, five times the deaths from automobile accidents.
McCullough and Farah also state that the risk of acquiring cancer rises almost five times for users of alcohol-containing mouthwash who neither smoke nor drink ( with a higher rate of increase for those who do ).
Its current applications include a neutron source and an agent for radiation therapy targeting cancer cells in the body.
RBE quantifies the ability of radiation to cause certain biological effects, notably either cancer or cell-death, for equivalent radiation exposure.
By that September Johnson declared he was in favor of emancipation, describing slavery as a " cancer on our society ", and also succeeded in enlisting 20, 000 black troops for the Union.
* ABCD rating, a staging system for prostate cancer
Defects in the cell cycle are thought to be responsible for certain tumor cells resisting chemotherapy or radiation, so a virus that can induce apoptosis despite defects in the cell cycle is useful for cancer treatment.
Several studies have shown an increased rate of cancer mortality for workers exposed to 2, 4, 5-T.
In one such study, from Hamburg, Germany, the risk of cancer mortality increased by 170 % after working for 10 years at the 2, 4, 5-T-producing section of a Hamburg manufacturing plant.
Other than liver cancer, these are the same conditions the US Veteran's Administration has determined may be associated with exposure to Agent Orange / dioxin, and are on the list of conditions eligible for compensation and treatment .< ref name =" va-03-2010 ">
Even though alcoholism can increase the risk of liver cancer, studies have shown that a moderate consumption of alcohol ( 1 serving / day for women and 2 servings / day for men ) does not affect diabetes Type II greatly.
Alan Jay Lerner's pattern of financial mismanagement continued until his death from cancer in 1986, when he reportedly owed the US Internal Revenue Service over US $ 1, 000, 000 in back taxes, and was unable to pay for his final medical expenses.
Antioxidants are widely used in dietary supplements and have been investigated for the prevention of diseases such as cancer, coronary heart disease and even altitude sickness.
After an operation for cancer he fell into an unproductive period.
Chemicals extracted from a marine bryozoan species have been investigated for treatment of cancer and Alzheimer's Disease, but analyses have not been encouraging.
OncoTICE, used for bladder instillation for bladder cancer, was developed by Organon Laboratories ( since acquired by Schering-Plough, and in turn acquired by Merck, Inc .).
Herceptin, for example, was the first drug approved for use with a matching diagnostic test and is used to treat breast cancer in women whose cancer cells express the protein HER2.
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