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Medieval, rationalist Jewish philosophers ( exponents of " Hakirah "- rational " investigation " from first principles in support of Judaism ), such as Maimonides, describe Biblical Monotheism to mean that there is only one God, and His essence is a unique, simple, infinite Unity.
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Medieval and rationalist
Medieval re-discovery of Greek thought among Gaonim of 10th century Babylonian academies brought rationalist philosophy into Biblical-Talmudic Judaism.
Medieval and Jewish
Medieval Ruthenian epic poems mention Ruthenian warriors fighting the Jewish Giant ( Богатырь Жидовин ).
Medieval necromancy is believed to be a synthesis of astral magic derived from Arabic influences and exorcism derived from Christian and Jewish teachings.
Gersonides on Providence, Covenant, and the Chosen People: A Study in Medieval Jewish Philosophy and Biblical Commentary.
While the history of the term Judenrat itself is unclear, Jewish communities themselves had established councils for self-government as far back as the Medieval Era.
This illuminates the apparent intent to make the Jewish emancipation and assimilation invalid, and so return Jews to the status they held during the Medieval Era.
* Richard I. Cohen, " The " Wandering Jew " from Medieval Legend to Modern Metaphor ," in Barbara Kirshenblatt-Gimblett and Jonathan Karp ( eds ), The Art of Being Jewish in Modern Times ( Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2007 ) ( Jewish Culture and Contexts ),
Medieval Jewish fiction often drew on ancient Jewish legends, and was written in a variety of languages including Hebrew and Judeo-Arabic.
For instance, Luria said that the Medieval Jewish victims of the centuries of Pogroms in the Christian World, were reincarnations of souls from the time of the Biblical first Temple, who had also followed idolatry.
* Resources > Medieval Jewish History > " Expulsion from Spain and The Anusim ", The Jewish History Resource Center, Dinur Center for Research in Jewish History, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Medieval and philosophers
Their re-introduction, combined with Judeo-Islamic theological commentaries, had a great influence on Medieval philosophers such as Thomas Aquinas.
Medieval political philosophers, such as Aquinas in Summa Theologica, developed the idea that a king who is a tyrant is no king at all and could be overthrown.
" Taneli Kukkonen argues in the Oxford Handbook of Medieval Philosophy that " what Augustine's and Anselm's mix of eternalist and presentist, tenseless and tensed language tells is that medieval philosophers saw no need to choose sides " in the manner that modern philosophers do.
Medieval philosophers who used Aristotelian concepts frequently distinguished between substantial forms and accidental forms.
The re-introduction of these philosophies, combined with the new Arabic commentaries, had a great influence on Medieval philosophers such as Thomas Aquinas.
Medieval Muslim ( as well as Jewish ) philosophers identified belief in the Trinity with the heresy of shirk, in Arabic, ( or shituf in Hebrew ), meaning " associationism ," in limiting the infinity of God by associating his divinity with physical existence.
Medieval astronomers and philosophers developed diverse theories about the causes of the celestial spheres ' motions.
Chisholm read widely in the history of philosophy, and frequently referred to the work of Ancient, Medieval, Modern, and even Continental philosophers ( although the use he made of this material has sometimes been challenged ).
Medieval scholars and theologians, translating both the Bible and Greek philosophers into Latin out of the Koine and Classical Greek, cobbled together many new abstract concept words in Latin.
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