Medieval Muslim scholars regularly described Aristotle as the " First Teacher ".

Modern studies have shown the important role such concepts played in the world-view of Early Medieval scholars.

Medieval scholars used in the Vulgate the Hebrew rendering of these two verses, and in their eyes the words " Agur " and " Lemuel " were but symbolic names of Solomon.

Although references are made referring to Slavs in Macedonia being identified as Bulgarians, some scholars suggest that ethnicity in Medieval times was more fluid than what we see it to be today, an understanding derived from nineteenth century nationalistic ideals of a homogeneous nation-state.

Most modern scholars dismiss Pope Joan as a Medieval legend.

Early Christian Church Fathers and Medieval European scholars interpreted the Genesis creation narrative allegorically rather than as a literal historical account ; organisms were described by their mythological and heraldic significance as well as by their physical form.

Medieval Irish scholars thought the name contained the element muire " sea ", owing to their reputation as sea pirates.

For these scholars, antisemitism in Medieval Islam was local and sporadic rather than general and endemic.

Philo's works became important to Medieval Christian scholars who leveraged the work of Karaites to lend credence to their claims that " these are the beliefs of Jews "-a technically correct, yet mendacious, attribution.

Some scholars believe it might have an early Medieval origin, while others emphasize earlier traditions appearing in the book.

Medieval Chinese scholars devoted a great deal of effort to describing the sounds of their language, especially to aid in reading the classics aloud and in the correct composition of poetry.

Modern scholars debate its exact history, but it is generally accepted that it is descended from the Medieval citole, or cytole.

Apart from some of the clergy who had studied at the universities and cathedral schools in Paris or in Cologne, there were few scholars in the land ; even amongst the higher clergy there were many who were ignorant of the scientific study of Latin, and the ordinary burgher of the Dutch cities was quite content if, when his children left school, they were able to read and write the Medieval Low German and Diets.

The International Congress on Medieval Studies is an annual academic conference held for scholars specializing in, or with an interest in, medieval studies.

The two languages of culture in Medieval Iberia were Latin in the north ( although it was also used in the south by Mozarab scholars ) and Arabic in the south ( which was the principal literary language of Mozarab scholars ).

Also shown on some maps are exotic plants, beasts and races known to Medieval scholars only through Roman and Greek texts.

While these lais are occasionally interspersed with the Marian lais in Medieval manuscripts, scholars do not agree that these lais were actually written by Marie.

Thus, from a Western European perspective, Classic, Medieval, and Enlightenment-era scholars formed the foundation of the discipline that has come to be called public administration.

Medieval scholars have suggested that people may have been under the impression that the rat king was actually one animal with many bodies, with the “ king ” referring to the animal's size.

Medieval scholars and theologians, translating both the Bible and Greek philosophers into Latin out of the Koine and Classical Greek, cobbled together many new abstract concept words in Latin.

For this reason, scholars find the singularity of the period called the English Renaissance questionable ; C. S. Lewis, a professor of Medieval and Renaissance literature at Oxford and Cambridge, famously remarked to a colleague that he had " discovered " that there was no English Renaissance, and that if there had been one, it had " no effect whatsoever ".

The etymology of the Welsh name Arthur is uncertain, though most scholars favour either a derivation from the Roman gens name Artorius ( ultimately of Messapic or Etruscan origin ), or a native Brittonic compound based on the root * arto-" bear " ( which became arth in Medieval and Modern Welsh ).

Foucault then develops a holistic account of power and uses methods not too dissimilar to the astonishing and outstanding Medieval Islamic polymaths scholars Alhazen, Ibn Sīnā, and Ibn Khaldūn and to a lesser extant prominent science figures from 20th century science such as ; Gregory Bateson, James Lovelock ( the founder of Gaia hypothesis ) and Robert N. Proctor ( Proctor who coined the term Agnotology ) and urges us to think outside the box of this new kind of power, therefore, opening up the possibilities of further investigations into this new perceived, impenetrable nature of biopower and according to Foucault he asks us to remember, this type of power is never neutral nor is it independent from the rest of society but are embedded within society functioning as embellished ' control technology ' specifics. Foucault argues ; nation states, police, government, legal practices, human sciences and medical institutions have their own rationale, cause and effects, strategies, technologies, mechanisms and codes and have managed successfully in the past to obscure there workings by hiding behind observation and scrutiny.

Medieval antecedents may include the Brethren of the Common Life, the Hussites, Dutch Sacramentists ,< ref >

Couples may wear Medieval clothing or more modern wedding garb.

As had been the case since the Ars Nova ( see Medieval music ), there could be either two or three of these for each breve ( a double-whole note ), which may be looked on as equivalent to the modern " measure ," though it was itself a note value and a measure is not.

Medieval poetry may mix Latin and vernacular languages.

The Medieval Warm Period ( MWP ), Medieval Climate Optimum, or Medieval Climatic Anomaly was a time of warm climate in the North Atlantic region, that may also have been related to other climate events around the world during that time, including in China, and other countries lasting from about AD 950 to 1250.

However, this view was questioned by other researchers ; the IPCC First Assessment Report of 1990 discussed the " Medieval Warm Period around 1000 AD ( which may not have been global ) and the Little Ice Age which ended only in the middle to late nineteenth century.

Global temperature records taken from ice cores, tree rings, and lake deposits, have shown that, taken globally, the Earth may have been slightly cooler ( by 0. 03 degrees Celsius ) during the ' Medieval Warm Period ' than in the early and mid-20th century.

The trees may be associated with the Medieval Manorial Scrolls kept in the County Records Office in Lewes.

Recent research by Australian archaeologists suggests that the decline may have been due to a shortage of water caused by the transition from the Medieval Warm Period to the Little Ice Age.

Much may also be learned from the doctrines of the numerous variations of Bogomilism which spread in Medieval Kievan Rus ' after the 11th century.

While his historicity may be debatable, his posthumous importance as the founder of Scotland in the national myth of Medieval and Renaissance Scotland is not in doubt.

Death and the Maiden, a concept ultimately derived from the Medieval " Dance of Death ", may refer to:

The words goblin and gobelin, rendered in Medieval Latin as gobelinus, may in fact derive from the word kobold or from kofewalt.

" Indeed, many historians believe King Arthur to be an entirely mythical character with no basis in historical fact, whilst some others disagree, maintaining that the legendary figure may be based upon an Early Medieval British leader who might have been involved in fighting the migrating Anglo-Saxons who were settling in Britain at that time.

The Roman routes from Wall and Alcester were together named Icknield Street during the later Medieval period, though the implication that they were viewed as a single route by the Romans may be misleading, and it is possible that the road from Droitwich was originally the more important of the two southern routes.

In addition to their major, students may choose from a number of undergraduate certificate programs: African Studies, Arab Studies, Asian Studies, Australian & New Zealand Studies, German and European Studies, International Business Diplomacy, International Development, Muslim-Christian Understanding, Jewish Civilization, Justice & Peace Studies, Latin American Studies, Medieval Studies, Russian & East European Studies, Social & Political Thought, and Women's and Gender Studies.

While it would seem probable that some ringforts may have seen continuation in the Later Medieval period as adapted or imitation mottes it seems doubtful if the continuation that ringforts were still being built on a more general scale throughout the country, and the evidence put forward for such a theory would appear quite slim.

While it is a common misunderstanding that the Destrier that carried the armoured knight of the Middle Ages had the size and conformation of a modern draft horse, and some of these Medieval war horses may have provided some bloodlines for some of the modern draft breeds, the reality was that the high-spirited, quick-moving Destrier was closer to the size, build, and temperament of a modern Andalusian or Friesian.

Three connected arms of a large rectangular moat, now drained of water with the northern arm partly filled-in, may be viewed at the eastern end of Manor Court Drive off Shropshire Brook Road ( SK 0900 1565 ), and is all that survives of the former Medieval mansion of Handsacre Hall.

Medieval silver bracteates may be large, but most are about 15 millimeters across and weigh about 1 gram.

Medieval representations of Fortune emphasize her duality and instability, such as two faces side by side like Janus ; one face smiling the other frowning ; half the face white the other black ; she may be blindfolded but without scales, blind to justice.