Bayezid II was born in Dimetoka Palace ( now Didymoteicho ) in Thrace as the son of Mehmed II ( 1432 – 81 ) and Valide Sultan Mükrime Hatun, the daughter of Süleyman Bey, the sixth ruler of Dulkadirids, who died in 1492.

When his young son Mehmed died in 1543, he composed a moving chronogram to commemorate the year: Peerless among princes, my Sultan Mehmed.

Sultan Murad died in 1451, succeeded by his 19 year old son Mehmed II.

Mehmed V died at Yıldız Palace on 3 July 1918 at the age of 73, only four months before the end of World War I.

Sultan Mehmed IV left the palace in Constantinople and died in Edirne in 1693.

* Mehmed VI, the last Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, died in Sanremo on May 16, 1926.

In 1546 the Kapudan Pasha Hayreddin Barbarossa died and Mehmed was appointed his successor.

Mehmed crushed the revolt and Bedreddin died.

When Mehmed died in 1421, one of his sons, Murad, became sultan.

In 1107, he ventured east and captured Mosul but died the same year fighting Malik Shah's son Mehmed Tapar.

Gallipoli is the site of " tombs of the Thracian kings ", which refers to the graves of the Islamic writers Ahmed Bican ( died 1466 ) and his brother Mehmed Bican ( died 1451 ).

Mehmed I died in 1118 and was succeeded by Mahmud II, although after Mehmed's death Sanjar was clearly the chief power in the Seljuq realms.

Gümüshtigin died in 1134 and his son and successor Mehmed did not have the martial spirit of his father and grandfather.

When Mehmed died in 1142, the Danishmend lands were divided between his two brothers, Melik Yaghibasan, who maintained the title of " Melik " and ruled from Sivas, and Ayn el-Devle, who ruled from Malatya.

When Sinan died in 1588, Mehmed Agha, his first assistant was not appointed as his successor, but instead the Grand Vizier appointed Davut Ağa, the Master of the Waterways, as the royal architect.

Mehmed Agha died in 1617 at about the same time as his sultan.

Bursa, a capital of the earlier Ottomans before the conquest of Constantinople, holds the turbes of many of the earlier Ottoman Sultans including Osman I and his son, the Muradiye Complex containing Murad II and many princes, and the Yeşil Türbe of Mehmed I ( died 1421 ).

Sultan Mehmed VI, who was proclaimed Sultan after his brother Mehmed V died of a heart attack in July, agreed to an armistice.

In the next year, Mehmed II attacked Serbia, finally taking Novo Brdo in 1455, while in 1456, despot Đurađ handed over to the Sultan the entire southern section of Serbia, before he died on December 24, 1456 in Smederevo.

* 1453 – Mehmed II begins his siege of Constantinople ( Istanbul ), which falls on May 29.

Although besieged on numerous occasions by various peoples, it was taken only in 1204 by the army of the Fourth Crusade, in 1261 by Michael VIII, and in 1453 by the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II.

Mehmed had begun the siege on April 6, 1453.

For the loss of some 2, 000 dead and wounded, Eugene inflicted approximately 25, 000 casualties on his enemy – including the Grand Vizier, Elmas Mehmed Pasha – annihilating the Turkish army.

Another youth Mehmed found attractive, and who was presumably more accommodating, was Radu III the Fair, the brother of the famous Vlad the Impaler, “ Radu, a hostage in Istanbul whose good looks had caught the Sultan ’ s fancy, and who was thus singled out to serve as one of his most favored pages .” After the defeat of Vlad, Mehmed placed Radu on the throne of Wallachia as a vassal ruler.

He was brought up in Amasya, and ascended the throne on the death of his father Mehmed I.

The son of Murad II, Mehmed the Conqueror, reorganized the state and the military, and demonstrated his martial prowess by capturing Constantinople on 29 May 1453, at the age of 21.

The Turks stayed in Otranto and its surrounding areas for nearly a year, but after Mehmed II's death on 3 May 1481, plans for penetrating deeper into the Italian peninsula with fresh new reinforcements were given up on and cancelled and the remaining Ottoman troops sailed back to the east of the Adriatic Sea.

A highly ambitious plan to counter this conceived by Sokollu Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier under Selim II, in the shape of a Don-Volga canal ( begun June 1569 ), combined with an attack on Astrakhan, failed, the canal being abandoned with the onset of winter.

Modern painting of Mehmed II marching on Fall of Constantinople | Constantinople in 1453

Manuel II stood on friendly terms with the victor in the Ottoman civil war, Mehmed I ( 1402 – 1421 ), but his attempts to meddle in the next contested succession led to a new assault on Constantinople by Murad II ( 1421 – 1451 ) in 1422.

The Turkish Grand National Assembly abolished the Sultanate on 1 November 1922, and Mehmed was expelled from Constantinople, aboard the British warship Malaya on 17 November.

He went into exile in Malta ; Mehmed later lived on the Italian Riviera.

Because of this, Mehmed considered Constantine to have broken the truce and the following winter of 1451 – 52, Mehmed built Rumelihisari, a hill fortress on the European side of the Bosporus, just north of the city cutting the communication with the Black Sea to the east.

Although in 1519 he was obliged to buy off the khan of the Crimea, Mehmed I Giray, under the very walls of Moscow, towards the end of his reign he established Russian influence on the Volga.

File: Gallipoli-star-unadorned. jpg | Tughra of Mehmed V ( 1909 ) as used on a Gallipoli Star

Mehmed Ziya was born in Çermik, Diyarbakır Province on March 23, 1876.

Mehmed V's only significant political act was to formally declare Jihad against the Entente Powers ( Allies of World War I ) on 11 November 1914, following the Ottoman government's decision to join the First World War on the side of the Central Powers.

* May 16 – Mehmed VI, last Ottoman Sultan ( b. 1861 )

Mehmed rejected negotiation proposals, led Ottoman forces into Transylvania and soon captured 16 cities, including Bečej, Bečkerek, Cenad and Linova.

The Ottoman defeat weakened its Sultan Mehmed IV, then aged 16, and strengthened the Grand Vizier, Köprülü Mehmed Pasha.

The famous calligrapher Lutfi Abdullah ( Lütfi Abdullah ) was in charge of the workshop at the royal palace, and completed the work under Murad's successor Mehmed III, on 16 January 1595.