In October 2006 Follini, a harsh critic of Berlusconi, finally left the party to form a new grouping, called Middle-of-the-Road Italy, which was eventually merged into the centre-left Democratic Party in October 2007.

The three main schisms suffered by the party between 2004 and 2006, Middle-of-the-Road Italy ( IdM ), Movement for Autonomy ( MpA ) and Christian Democracy for Autonomies ( DCA ), were led by the most vocal supporters of each of the last three factions mentioned above, respectively Marco Follini, Raffaele Lombardo and Gianfranco Rotondi.

Comparably, the Latin language ( qua Medieval Latin ) was in effect a universal language of literati in the Middle Ages, and the language of the Vulgate Bible, in the area of Catholicism which covered most of Western Europe and parts of Northern and Central Europe also.

A person who is hypnotized displays certain unusual characteristics and propensities, compared with a non-hypnotized subject, most notably hyper-suggestibility, which some authorities have considered a sine qua non of hypnosis.

Universal science or first philosophy treats of " being qua being "— that is, what is basic to all science before one adds the particular details of any one science.

" It is the inquiry into being in so much as it is being (" being qua being "), or into beings insofar as they exist — and not insofar as, for instance, particular facts can be obtained about them or particular properties belong to them.

According to Avicenna, and in an interpretation of Greek Aristotelian and Platonist ontological doctrines in mediaeval metaphysics, being is either necessary, contingent qua possible, or impossible.

Contingent qua possible being is neither necessary nor impossible for it to be or not to be.

) By definition, a trademark enjoys no protection ( qua trademark ) until and unless it is " disclosed " to consumers, for only then are consumers able to associate it with a supplier or source in the requisite manner.

Comparing the process of unlearning to the “ breaking out ” process of birth, Rank was the first psychologist to suggest that a continual capacity to separate from “ internal mental objects ” – from internalized institutions, beliefs and neuroses ; from the restrictions of culture, social conformity and received wisdom – is the sine qua non for lifelong creativity.

A 12th-century writer, Gervase of Tilbury, wrote in his Latin geography that " Poland is bordered in one side with Russia, which is also called Ruthenia, as you may see from the following phrase of Lucan …" The original Latin text: Polonia in uno sui capite contingit Russiam, quae et Ruthenia, de qua Lucanus: Solvuntur flavi longa statione Rutheni.

( It would no doubt be psychologically more correct to put it in this way: that without any special reflection we attribute to everyone else our own constitution and therefore our consciousness as well, and that this identification is a sine qua non of understanding ).

In India, the sine qua non for mandamus is the existence of a statutory public duty incumbent upon the person or body against whom the mandamus is sought.

In another apparent contrast, John's text matter-of-factly presents a bodily resurrection as if this is a sine qua non of the faith ; in contrast, Thomas ' insights about the spirit-and-body are more nuanced.

But even though many sub-fields and theoretical perspectives within sociology use ethnographic methods, ethnography is not the sine qua non of the discipline, as it is in cultural anthropology.

Consequently, Avicenna's ontology is ' existentialist ' when accounting for being qua existence in terms of necessity ( wujub ), while it is ' essentialist ' in terms of thinking about being qua existence ( wujud ) in terms of contingency qua possibility ( imkan ; or mumkin al-wujud: contingent being ).

While propounding the virtues of supply-side economics as the basis for the economic growth that is " a sine qua non for the survival of a modern democracy ", he also insists that any economic philosophy has to be enlarged by " political philosophy, moral philosophy, and even religious thought ", which were as much the sine qua non for a modern democracy.

There was, of course, more to the portrait of a lady you carried in your mind's eye than the sine qua non of her virtue.

The sine qua non of the elections was naturally an impartial and standardized procedure.

Arguments qua its matter and Arguments qua its Format.

Being qua Being: A Theory of Identity, Existence, and Predication.

Vincenzo, through his tuning research, found the underlying truth at the heart of the misunderstood myth of ' Pythagoras ' hammers ' ( the square of the numbers concerned yielded those musical intervals, not the actual numbers, as believed ), and through this and other discoveries that demonstrated the fallibility of traditional authorities, a radically empirical attitude developed, passed on to Galileo, which regarded " experience and demonstration " as the sine qua non of valid rational enquiry.

Essentially " being qua being " may be translated as " being insofar as being goes " or as " being in terms of being.

The 20th century philosopher Heidegger thought previous philosophers have lost sight of the question of Being ( qua Being ) in favour of the questions of beings ( existing things ), so that a return to the Parmenidean approach was needed.

Whitehead chooses a way of defining the actual entities that makes them all alike, qua actual entities, with a single exception.

Debates concerning the nature, essence and the mode of existence of space date back to antiquity ; namely, to treatises like the Timaeus of Plato, or Socrates in his reflections on what the Greeks called khora ( i. e. " space "), or in the Physics of Aristotle ( Book IV, Delta ) in the definition of topos ( i. e. place ), or even in the later " geometrical conception of place " as " space qua extension " in the Discourse on Place ( Qawl fi al-Makan ) of the 11th century Arab polymath Alhazen.

According to the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Solovyov thought, “ Although empiricism and rationalism (= idealism ) rest on false principles, their respective objective contents, external experience, qua the foundation of natural science, and logical thought, qua the foundation of pure philosophy, are to be synthesized or encompassed along with mystical knowledge in ' integral knowledge ,' what Solovyov terms ' theosophy.

For my part I do, qua lay physicist, believe in physical objects and not in Homer's gods ; and I consider it a scientific error to believe otherwise.

It provides the basis of the " conflict-driven " play, a term we still tout as the sine qua non of dramaturgy.

The 20th century philosopher Heidegger thought previous philosophers have lost sight the question of Being ( qua Being ) in favour of the questions of beings ( existing things ), so that a return to the Parmenidean approach was needed.

As the two couples began supporting each other during recording sessions, the sound of the girls ' voices convinced the songwriters to model their ' group ' on the like of MOR acts Blue Mink, Middle of the Road and The Sweet.

Many ancient civilizations were influenced by the Silk Road, which connected China, India, the Middle East and Europe.

Cook was born at his parents ' house " Shearbridge ", in Middle Warberry Road, Torquay, Devon.

Soon psychedelic rock clubs like the UFO Club in Tottenham Court Road, Middle Earth Club in Covent Garden, The Roundhouse in Chalk Farm, the Country Club ( Swiss Cottage ) and the Art Lab ( also in Covent Garden ) were drawing capacity audiences with psychedelic rock and ground-breaking liquid light shows.

*" Sacramento ( A Wonderful Town )", a hit song by the band Middle of the Road

Silk Road to Ruin: Is Central Asia the New Middle East?

A plethora of large empires, civilizations, and cultures that have existed on the Asian continent were influenced by the Silk Road, which connected China, India, the Middle East and Europe.

Emperor Tang Xuanzong brought the Middle Kingdom to its golden age while the Silk Road thrived, with sway over Indochina in the south, and to the west Tang China was master of the Pamirs ( modern-day Tajikistan ) and protector of Kashmir bordering Persia.

The expansion of Scythian cultures stretching from the Hungarian plain and the Carpathians to the Chinese Kansu Corridor and linking Iran, and the Middle East with Northern India and the Punjab, undoubtedly played an important role in the development of the Silk Road.

Later envoys included Odoric of Pordenone, Giovanni de ' Marignolli, John of Montecorvino, Niccolò de ' Conti, or Ibn Battuta, a Moroccan Muslim traveller, who passed through the present-day Middle East and across the Silk Road from Tabriz, between 1325 – 1354.

The three major alignments were the Lower Post Road ( now U. S. Route 1 along the shore via Providence, Rhode Island ), the Upper Post Road ( now US 5 and US 20 from New Haven, Connecticut by way of Springfield, Massachusetts ), and the Middle Post Road ( which diverged from the Upper Road in Hartford, Connecticut and ran northeastward to Boston via Pomfret, Connecticut ).

The Middle Post Road was the shortest, fastest, and youngest portion of the route.

In Massachusetts, the Middle Post Road runs along sections of modern Route 16 to Mendon, then through Bellingham, and then via Route 109 from Medway to Dedham where it meets with the Lower Post Road ( old U. S. Route 1 ) heading into Boston.

Just before leaving Manchester and entering Bolton, the post road breaks off Route 44 onto Middle Turnpike East ( the portion of Route 44 between Manchester and Bolton is known as " New Bolton Road ")

The Lateral Road is built to a standard width of only yet must support traffic in both directions ( the cost of cutting a wider road through the mountainous Middle Himalayas is prohibitive at this time ).

In an NPR interview, Middle East expert Dr. Jack Shaheen of Southern Illinois University cites Road To Morocco as " one of the most stereotypical films ever to come out of Hollywood.

In January 2004, Alice C. Stelle Middle School was opened on the corner of Mulholland Highway and Paul Revere Road to serve the eastern half of the city.

The western half is served by Arthur E. Wright Middle School on Las Virgenes Road, which prior to 2004, was the city's only middle school.

The bridge was reopened on Middle Creek Road in December 2010.

The poverty map of London, created by Charles Booth in 1898-99, identifies a mixture of classifications for the streets of the district ; Kennington Park Road, for example, corresponds with the description " Middle class.

The 1818 Enclosure Award led to the development of of land to the west of the town centre largely between the present day Staines and Hampton Roads, new roads-Workhouse Road, Middle Road, 3rd, 2nd and 1st Common Roads ( now First-Fifth Cross Roads respectively )-being laid out.