Modern bridge are currently built in concrete, steel, fiber reinforced polymers ( FRP ), stainless steel or combinations of those materials.

Many of the leaks were a result of Modern Continental and other subcontractors failing to remove gravel and other debris before pouring concrete.

Modern tests show that opus caementicium had as much compressive strength as modern Portland-cement concrete ( ca.

Modern structural concrete differs from Roman concrete in two important details.

Modern columns are constructed out of steel, poured or precast concrete, or brick.

Among concrete examples of Modern human behavior, anthropologists include specialization of tools, use of jewellery and images ( such as cave drawings ), organization of living space, rituals ( for example, burials with grave gifts ), specialized hunting techniques, exploration of less hospitable geographical areas, and barter trade networks.

Modern tracks are made of concrete, coated with ice.

Modern reinforced concrete can contain varied reinforcing materials made of steel, polymers or alternate composite material in conjuction with rebar or not.

Even enthusiastic advocates of the Modern Movement such as Sir Nikolaus Pevsner have found the Béton brut concrete both inside and out overbearing.

The campus contains a variety of architectural styles, with the oldest buildings exhibiting a Neoclassical style and newer buildings displaying a mix of Modern styles including International, Brutalist, Bauhaus and High-tech, unified through the use of light-colored stone and concrete exterior materials.

It included the maintenance of the existent gardens and the creation of new ones, the intensive cleaning and sweeping of streets and sidewalks, the construction of new pink quarry sidewalks and benches, the creation of access bays in the Zoo, lake and Modern Art Museum for touristic and school buses, the installation of new lighting, the moving of the monument to Cuauhtémoc to the crossing of Insurgentes Avenue and Paseo de la Reforma, the construction of prism shaped concrete structures in the median which also have plants and flowers, the promotion of Reforma as a cultural walk organizing different expositions along the avenue sidewalks, and the maintenance of the monuments, sculptures and fountains.

Modern industrial chimneys sometimes consist of a concrete windshield with a number of flues on the inside.

Modern applications of continuously supported track include Balfour Beatty's ' Embedded Slab Track ' which uses a rounded rectangular rail profile ( BB14072 ) embedded in a slipformed ( or pre-cast ) concrete base ( development 2000s ), the ' Embedded Rail Structure ', used in the Netherlands since 1976, initially used a conventional UIC 54 rail embedded in concrete, later developed ( late 1990s ) to use a ' mushroom ' shaped SA42 rail profile ; a version for light rail using a rail supported in an asphalt concrete filled steel trough has also been developed ( 2002 ).

Modern materials such as concrete and plastic are also used and some clay tiles have a waterproof glaze.

Modern usages ( especially in the context of computer science with mathematical software such as model checkers, automated theorem provers, interactive theorem provers ) tend to retain of the notion of formula only the algebraic concept and to leave the question of well-formedness, i. e. of the concrete string representation of formulas ( using this or that symbol for connectives and quantifiers, using this or that parenthesizing convention, using Polish or infix notation, etc.

Modern concrete is made using Portland cement, not lime, but the main difference is the universal use of steel reinforcing bars, which greatly increase the strength of the material, and make it possible to build concrete beams and floor slabs as well as walls.

Modern bank vaults are now typically made of modular concrete panels using a special proprietary blend of concrete and additives for extreme strength.

Modern tilt-up, made with reinforced concrete, was first used in America circa 1905.

Modern materials such as prestressed concrete and fabrication methods, such as automated welding, and the changing price of steel relative to that of labor have significantly influenced the design of modern bridges.

Modern embroidered panels, framed and meant to be hung on the wall, are another aspect of this trend.

Modern Roman Catholic churches often have a crucifix above the altar on the wall ; for the celebration of Mass, the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church requires that, " on or close to the altar there is to be a cross with a figure of Christ crucified ".

Modern horseshoes are most commonly made of steel and nailed into the hoof wall.

Modern Trombe walls have vents added to the top and bottom of the interior wall, to allow heated air to flow via convection into the building interior.

Mr. Friendly is in charge of the advertising section of This Modern World ( thus breaking the fourth wall ).

Modern quilts are not always intended for use as bedding, and may be used as wall hangings, table runners, or tablecloth.

Modern excavation of the site has revealed that the Assyrians built a stone and dirt ramp up to the level of the Lachish city wall, thereby allowing the soldiers to charge up the ramp and storm the city.

In 1932, the Mexican socialist artist Diego Rivera ( whose sponsor was Museum of Modern Art and whose patron at the time was Abby Aldrich Rockefeller, the wife of John D. Rockefeller, Jr .), was commissioned by their son Nelson Rockefeller to create a color fresco for the wall in the lobby of the then RCA Building.

Modern architects have attributed this intriguing acoustic feature to a large recess in the wall of the Mihrab and several recesses in the surrounding walls which functioned as resonators ; this design helped everyone to hear the speaker at the Mihrab.

One version of this is applied onto the wall of a stairwell in the Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art.

Modern scholars are not in agreement over the extent of this portion of the wall, which has been variously defined from as narrowly as the stretch between the Gate of St. Romanus and the Fifth Military Gate ( A. M. Schneider ) to as broad as from the Gate of Rhegion to the Fifth Military Gate ( B. Tsangadas ) or from the Gate of St. Romanus to the Gate of Adrianople ( A. van Millingen ).

Modern stucco is used as an exterior cement plaster wall covering.

Modern dams do not let fish go through very well, since each dam is a wall and the water levels are different.

Older Scots became vocalised to by the Middle Scots period and subsequently, depending on dialect, or in Modern Scots, for example: aw ( all ), caw ( call ), fauch ( fallow ), faw ( fall ), gaw ( gall ), haud ( hold ), haw ( hall ), maut ( malt ), sauch ( sallow ), saut ( salt ), smaw ( small ), staw ( stall ) and waw ( wall ) from eal, ceallian, fealh, fallan, gealla, healdan, hall, mealt, salh, sealt, smæl, steall and wall.

The wall, ( Scildweall or Bordweall in Old English, Skjaldborg in Old Norse ) is a military tactic that was common in many cultures in the Pre-Early Modern warfare age.

Modern light-frame structures usually gain strength from rigid panels ( plywood and other plywood-like composites such as oriented strand board ( OSB ) used to form all or part of wall sections ) but until recently carpenters employed various forms of diagonal bracing ( called wind braces ) to stabilize walls.

In 1999, the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art announced that it had bought 22 works, paintings, wall reliefs and sculptures, by Ellsworth Kelly.

Modern coupures can consist of only one wall and can be made watertight with the help of rubber flaps or other materials.

Modern use of AAC began in the 1950s with systems for users who had lost the use of speech following surgical procedures.

Modern weather systems also include wind shear and turbulence detection and terrain and traffic warning systems.

Modern coastal artillery ( for example, Russia's " Bereg " system ) is often self propelled, ( allowing it to avoid counter-battery fire ) and fully integrated, meaning that each battery has all of the support systems that it requires ( maintenance, targeting radar, etc.

Modern Class AB amplifiers commonly have peak efficiencies between 30 – 55 % in audio systems and 50-70 % in radio frequency systems with a theoretical maximum of 78. 5 %.

Modern imaging systems like PostScript, Asymptote, Metafont, and SVG use Bézier splines composed of cubic Bézier curves for drawing curved shapes.

Modern systems, such as Sogou Pinyin and Google Pinyin, predict the desired characters based on context and user preferences.

Modern flash chromatography systems are sold as pre-packed plastic cartridges, and the solvent is pumped through the cartridge.

Modern guidance systems permit precise attacks.

Modern operating systems have complex systems to properly manage memory.

Modern day control engineering ( also called control systems engineering ) is a relatively new field of study that gained a significant attention during 20th century with the advancement in technology.

Modern cartography is closely integrated with geographic information science ( GIScience ) and constitutes many theoretical and practical foundations of geographic information systems.

Modern cable systems are large, with a single network and headend often serving an entire metropolitan area or county.

The fifth and sixth versions of Gamma World take the game's tendency of mimicking other games to its logical end, adopting the rules systems of other games wholesale: The fifth edition of the game uses the Alternity rules, while the sixth edition uses the d20 Modern rules.

Modern flight management systems have evolved sufficiently to allow a crew to plan a flight not only as to route and altitude, but to specific time of arrival at specific locations.

Modern mainframes can run multiple different instances of operating systems at the same time.

Modern Digital Command Control ( DCC ) systems use alternating current.

Modern systems are designed for users to submit messages to their local servers for policy, not technical, reasons.

Modern hypertext systems with word and phrase-level linking offer more sophistication in connecting relevant information, but until the rise of wiki and other social software models, modern hypertext systems have rarely imitated Bush in providing individuals with the ability to create personal trails and share them with colleagues-or publish them widely.

Modern phonetics begins with attempts — such as those of Joshua Steele ( in Prosodia Rationalis, 1779 ) and Alexander Melville Bell ( in Visible Speech, 1867 ) — to introduce systems of precise notation for speech sounds.

Modern cleanrooms use automated, robotic wafer track systems to coordinate the process.